理学最新文献

{"title":"Transplacental transmission of dengue infection.","authors":"Leonel Eslatkin Aguilar Zambrano, Victor Manuel Vasquez Zevallos, Gita Vita Soraya, Lola Ayu Istifiani, Syafrizal Aji Pamungkas, Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v13.i3.91325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v13.i3.91325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We specifically addressed the persistent challenge of dengue in endemic regions, highlighting the potential seriousness of dengue infection through vertical transmission. Vertical dengue transmission has been well documented, particularly in hyper-endemic regions, including Ecuador. Herein, we present a neonate diagnosed with congenital dengue and review similar cases from previously published reports. Although congenital dengue is commonly infected with severe serotypes of DENV (DENV-1 and DENV-2) infections, favorable outcomes are generally observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"13 3","pages":"91325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11400998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of vitamin D in COVID-19 and other viral infections.","authors":"Muhammet Mesut Nezir Engin, Öner Özdemir","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v13.i3.95349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v13.i3.95349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that is naturally produced in the body or obtained through dietary sources, primarily under the influence of UVB radiation. This essential nutrient has a vital role in numerous physiological processes, encompassing immune function, cell growth, differentiation, insulin regulation, and cardiovascular well-being, along with its pivotal role in sustaining the delicate equilibrium of calcium and phosphate concentrations in the body. Moreover, vitamin D reinforces mucosal defense and bolsters the immune system through immunomodulation, making it a critical component of overall health. Numerous studies have unveiled the profound connection between vitamin D and the predisposition to respiratory tract infections, including well-known viruses such as influenza and the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Vitamin D deficiency has been consistently linked to increased severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and a heightened risk of mortality among afflicted individuals. Retrospective observational studies have further substantiated these findings, indicating that levels of vitamin D are linked with both the occurrence and severity of COVID-19 cases. Vitamin D has its influence on viral infections through a multitude of mechanisms, such as promoting the release of antimicrobial peptides and fine-tuning the responses of the immune system. Additionally, vitamin D is intertwined with the intricate network of the renin-angiotensin system, suggesting a potential impact on the development of complications related to COVID-19. While further clinical trials and extensive research are warranted, the existing body of evidence strongly hints at the possible use of vitamin D as a valuable tool in the prophylaxis and management of COVID-19 and other viral infectious diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"13 3","pages":"95349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11401007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient elastography and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of liver fibrosis in children with chronic hepatitis C.","authors":"Mohamed A El-Guindi, Alif A Allam, Ahmed A Abdel-Razek, Gihan A Sobhy, Menan E Salem, Mohamed A Abd-Allah, Mostafa M Sira","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v13.i3.96369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v13.i3.96369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a health burden with consequent morbidity and mortality. Liver biopsy is the gold standard for evaluating fibrosis and assessing disease severity and prognostic purposes post-treatment. Noninvasive alternatives for liver biopsy such as transient elastography (TE) and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) are critical needs.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate TE and DW-MRI as noninvasive tools for predicting liver fibrosis in children with CHC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cross-sectional study initially recruited 100 children with CHC virus infection. Sixty-four children completed the full set of investigations including liver stiffness measurement (LSM) using TE and measurement of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the liver and spleen using DW-MRI. Liver biopsies were evaluated for fibrosis using Ishak scoring system. LSM and liver and spleen ADC were compared in different fibrosis stages and correlation analysis was performed with histopathological findings and other laboratory parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most patients had moderate fibrosis (73.5%) while 26.5% had mild fibrosis. None had severe fibrosis or cirrhosis. The majority (68.8%) had mild activity, while only 7.8% had moderate activity. Ishak scores had a significant direct correlation with LSM (<i>P</i> = 0.008) and were negatively correlated with both liver and spleen ADC but with no statistical significance (<i>P</i> = 0.086 and <i>P</i> = 0.145, respectively). Similarly, histopathological activity correlated significantly with LSM (<i>P</i> = 0.002) but not with liver or spleen ADC (<i>P</i> = 0.84 and 0.98 respectively). LSM and liver ADC were able to significantly discriminate F3 from lower fibrosis stages (area under the curve = 0.700 and 0.747, respectively) with a better performance of liver ADC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TE and liver ADC were helpful in predicting significant fibrosis in children with chronic hepatitis C virus infection with a better performance of liver ADC.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"13 3","pages":"96369"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11401009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human immunodeficiency virus cascade-continuum of care stages and outcomes in a hospital in southern Brazil.","authors":"Manoela Badinelli Vaucher, Patrícia Fisch, Dimas Alexandre Kliemann","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v13.i3.96416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v13.i3.96416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continuum of care cascade illustrates the 90-90-90 goals defined by the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (UNAIDS). The care cascade includes the following five steps: Diagnosis, linkage to care, retention in care, adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), and viral suppression.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To elaborate the HIV cascade of patients diagnosed with HIV at the Nossa Senhora da Conceição Hospital (HNSC) and to determine possible local causes for the loss of patients between each step of the cascade.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with HIV infection from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016 and followed up until July 31, 2019. The data were analyzed by IBM SPSS software version 25, and Poisson regression with simple robust variance was used to analyze variables in relation to each step of the cascade. Variables with <i>P</i> < 0.20 were included in multivariable analysis, and <i>P</i> < 0.05 was considered significant. Pearson's <i>χ</i> ² test was used to compare the groups of patients followed up at the HNSC and those followed up at other sites.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results were lower than those expected by the UNAIDS, with 94% of patients linked, 91% retained, 81% adhering to ART, and 84% in viral suppression. Age and site of follow-up were the variables with the highest statistical significance. A comparison showed that the cascade of patients from the HNSC had superior results than outpatients, with a significant difference in the last step of the cascade.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The specialized and continued care provided at the HNSC was associated with better results and was closer to the goals set by the UNAIDS. The development of the HIV cascade using local data allowed for the stratification and evaluation of risk factors associated with the losses occurring between each step of the cascade.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"13 3","pages":"96416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11401005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dengue outbreaks in northern Nigeria: Evaluating the recommended Takeda vaccine and future prevention strategies.","authors":"Ismail Rabiu, Hafsat Abubakar Musa, Zephaniah Isaiah, Mujahid Hussaini, Muhammad Muhsin Umar, Suleiman Mustapha, Jaafaru Isah Abdullahi, Aminu Shehu, Mariya Abdullahi Sani","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v13.i3.95555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v13.i3.95555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dengue fever, caused by the dengue virus (DENV), poses a significant public health challenge globally, with Nigeria experiencing sporadic outbreaks. A clear understanding of the dengue burden has not been achieved in Nigeria, just as in other African countries. Understanding the epidemiology and burden of dengue fever is essential for effective prevention and control strategies. This paper examines the recent dengue outbreaks in northern Nigeria, particularly in Sokoto state, and evaluates the recommended Takeda dengue vaccine (TDV) along with future prevention strategies. Despite limited surveillance and underreporting, dengue fever is endemic in Nigeria (with over 5 million cases and 5000 dengue-related deaths in 2023), with recent outbreaks indicating a growing concern. The TDV, a live attenuated tetravalent vaccine, has shown promise in preventing dengue fever, but challenges such as vaccine acceptance and accessibility need to be addressed. Global urbanization contributes to the disease's spread, which is influenced by factors such as population density, cultural beliefs, water storage practices, hygiene, and water supply accessibility. Future prevention strategies must focus on government intervention, community practices, and innovative vector control measures to mitigate the spread of DENV in Nigeria. This study will serve as a valuable reference for policymakers, researchers, and clinicians in the management and control of DENV in Nigeria and Africa as a whole.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"13 3","pages":"95555"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11400999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent stroke admissions with <i>vs</i> without COVID-19 and associated in-hospital mortality: A United States nationwide analysis, 2020.","authors":"Rupak Desai, Sai Priyanka Mellacheruvu, Sai Anusha Akella, Adil Sarvar Mohammed, Mushfequa Hussain, Abdul Aziz Mohammed, Pakhal Saketha, Praveena Sunkara, Jyotsna Gummadi, Paritharsh Ghantasala","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v13.i3.96453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v13.i3.96453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been shown to increase the risk of stroke. However, the prevalence and risk of recurrent stroke in COVID-19 patients with prior stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), as well as its impact on mortality, are not established.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and healthcare costs in patients with recurrent strokes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified admissions of recurrent stroke (current acute ischemic stroke admissions with at least one prior TIA or stroke) in patients with and without COVID-19 using ICD-10-CM codes using the National Inpatient Sample (2020). We analyzed the impact of COVID-19 on mortality following recurrent stroke admissions by subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 97455 admissions with recurrent stroke, 2140 (2.2%) belonged to the COVID-19-positive group. The COVID-19-positive group had a higher prevalence of diabetes and chronic kidney disease <i>vs</i> the COVID-19 negative group (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Among the subgroups, patients aged > 65 years, patients aged 45-64 years, Asians, Hispanics, whites, and blacks in the COVID-19 positive group had higher rates of all-cause mortality than the COVID-19 negative group (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Higher odds of in-hospital mortality were seen in the group aged 45-64 (OR: 8.40, 95%CI: 4.18-16.91) <i>vs</i> the group aged > 65 (OR: 7.04, 95%CI: 5.24-9.44), males (OR: 7.82, 95%CI: 5.38-11.35) compared to females (OR: 6.15, 95%CI: 4.12-9.18), and in Hispanics (OR: 15.47, 95%CI: 7.61-31.44) and Asians/Pacific Islanders (OR: 14.93, 95%CI: 7.22-30.87) compared to blacks (OR: 5.73, 95%CI: 3.08-10.68), and whites (OR: 5.54, 95%CI: 3.79-8.09).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights the increased risk of all-cause in-hospital mortality in recurrent stroke patients with COVID-19, with a more pronounced increase in middle-aged patients, males, Hispanics, or Asians.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"13 3","pages":"96453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11401001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resurgence of dengue in the Philippines.","authors":"Jasmine S Interior, Kyrsten Jannae J Bigay, Remigo Angelo A Iringan, Mary Beth F Tanco","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v13.i3.99179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v13.i3.99179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly influenced the epidemiological landscape of various infectious diseases such as dengue. Dengue is an endemic disease in the Philippines, which showed a significant decline in the number of cases beginning in March 2020 due to the stringent public health measures implemented to curb COVID-19 cases. However, the easing of these restrictions subsequently led to a resurgence in dengue cases, as reported by the World Health Organization, with a notable increase compared to previous years. As the country navigates towards a post-pandemic phase, addressing the resurgence of dengue requires sustained efforts in vector control, surveillance, and healthcare preparedness. This article underscores the critical need for collaborative efforts among stakeholders to mitigate the resurgence of dengue while managing the ongoing recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"13 3","pages":"99179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11401010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142336708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum dots get a bright upgrade","authors":"Fei Ding","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01593-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01593-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Developing a bright, deterministic source of entangled photon pairs has been an outstanding scientific and technological challenge. Semiconductor quantum dots are a promising candidate for this task. A new device combining a circular Bragg resonator and a piezoelectric actuator achieves high brightness and entanglement fidelity simultaneously, overcoming previous limitations. This breakthrough enhances quantum dot applications in entanglement-based quantum communication protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":20,"journal":{"name":"ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142276689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suppressed concentration quenching and tunable photoluminescence in Eu2+-activated Rb3Y(PO4)2 phosphors for full-spectrum lighting.","authors":"Ming Zhao,Yeping Ge,Yurong Li,Xiaoyan Song,Zhiguo Xia,Xinping Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01607-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01607-x","url":null,"abstract":"Highly efficient inorganic phosphors are desirable for lighting-emitting diode light sources, and increasing the doping concentration of activators is a common approach for enhancing the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). However, the constraint of concentration quenching poses a great challenge for improving the PLQY. Herein, we propose a fundamental design principle by separating activators and prolonging their distance in Eu2+-activated Rb3Y(PO4)2 phosphors to inhibit concentration quenching, in which different quenching rates are controlled by the Eu distribution at various crystallographic sites. The blue-violet-emitting Rb3Y(PO4)2:xEu (x = 0.1%-15%) phosphors, with the occupation of Rb1, Rb2 and Y sites by Eu2+, exhibit rapid luminescence quenching with optimum external PLQY of 10% due to multi-channel energy migration. Interestingly, as the Eu concentration increases above 20%, Eu2+ prefer to occupy the Rb1 and Y sites with separated polyhedra and large interionic distances, resulting in green emission with suppressed concentration quenching, achieving an improved external PLQY of 41%. Our study provides a unique design perspective for elevating the efficiency of Eu2+-activated phosphors toward high-performance inorganic luminescent materials for full-spectrum lighting.","PeriodicalId":20,"journal":{"name":"ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters","volume":"23 1","pages":"266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142275318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dielectric metamaterials with effective self-duality and full-polarization omnidirectional brewster effect.","authors":"Hao Luo,Jie Luo,Zhihui Zhang,Chao Wu,Quan Li,Wei Liu,Ruwen Peng,Mu Wang,Hongqiang Li,Yun Lai","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01605-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01605-z","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional dielectric solid materials, both natural and artificial, lack electromagnetic self-duality and thus require additional coatings to achieve impedance matching with free space. Here, we present a class of dielectric metamaterials that are effectively self-dual and vacuum-like, thereby exhibiting full-polarization omnidirectional impedance matching as an unusual Brewster effect extended across all incident angles and polarizations. With both birefringence and reflection eliminated regardless of wavefront and polarization, such anisotropic metamaterials could establish the electromagnetic equivalence with \"stretched free space\" in transformation optics, as substantiated through full-wave simulations and microwave experiments. Our findings open a practical pathway for realizing unprecedented polarization-independence and omnidirectional impedance-matching characteristics in pure dielectric solids.","PeriodicalId":20,"journal":{"name":"ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters","volume":"21 1","pages":"262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142273574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}