理学最新文献

{"title":"Feed restriction affects follicular development by regulating cell cycle progression in porcine mural granulosa cells.","authors":"Qi Yu, Anna F Bekebrede, Natasja N G Costermans, Nicoline M Soede, Katja J Teerds, Jaap Keijer","doi":"10.1186/s40104-026-01464-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-026-01464-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mammalian reproductive outcomes are influenced by whole-body energy status, especially in high-prolific sows. During lactation, high energy demands often lead to a severe negative energy balance (NEB), which compromises subsequent reproductive performance. The molecular processes underlying the sustained impact of lactational energy insufficiency on post-weaning follicular development are not well understood. We hypothesize that this energy shortage disrupts the development of mural granulosa cells (GCs), ultimately compromising oocyte developmental competence. We aimed to delineate the molecular processes by which energy status regulates mural GC development employing a nutritional intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over the 14 days of feed restriction, sows receiving a restricted diet (RES; 3.25 kg/d) lost double the amount of body weight and loin muscle depth compared to full-fed sows (FF; diet 6.5 kg/d). Both ovarian weight and average size of the largest healthy follicle were significantly reduced. RNA-seq analysis identified 2,282 differentially expressed genes in RES GCs, of which 1,531 were upregulated and 751 were downregulated. The most enriched pathway was the cell cycle, corroborated by CDK1 immunostaining. RES GCs showed upregulation of key positive cell cycle regulators (e.g., CCNA1/2, CCNB1-3, CCNE2), while cell cycle inhibitor CDKN1A (P21) was downregulated. In contrast to FF GCs, in RES GCs several members of the IGFBP family, especially IGFBP7, strongly correlated with most cell cycle-related genes including FOXO1, CDKN1A, and follicle size exclusively in RES GCs, but not in FF sows. Proliferation markers (PCNA and MKI67) were also upregulated, while differentiation marker CYP19A1 was downregulated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data suggest that a severe lactational NEB has a lasting impact on mural GCs after weaning, delaying their transition from proliferation to the terminal differentiation. We propose a potential regulatory axis in which IGFBPs, especially IGFBP7, may link energy metabolism and follicular development through the AKT-FOXO1-CDKN1A-cell cycle regulatory axis. These molecular alterations likely contribute to the compromised oocyte competence observed following energy restriction. Furthermore, our findings identified IGFBP7 as a candidate biomarker linking metabolic status to follicular development.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13386861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148551526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Programmable rotation of single cells along arbitrary axes via opto-thermo-osmotic torque.","authors":"Siyuan Huang,Zhihan Chen,Yuebing Zheng","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02424-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02424-0","url":null,"abstract":"Controlled rotation of single biological cells is significant for cellular biology and engineering. Here we present a light-driven and non-contact strategy that enables arbitrary-axis rotation of both spherical and anisotropic cells with real-time switching between distinct rotation modes (major-axis and minor-axis). The platform employs a Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)-coated gold nano-island (AuNIs) plasmonic film to generate strong interfacial thermo-osmotic flow under laser illumination, while Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)-induced depletion forces confine cells near the interface. For spherical particles, arbitrary-axis rotation is achieved using a single Gaussian beam, where spatial asymmetry in the thermo-osmotic flow determines the rotation axis. For anisotropic cells, different rotation modes are enabled by optical pattern reconfiguration. A Gaussian beam induces major-axis rotation, while a half-ring beam generates a combined optical and thermo-osmotic torque distribution that supports sustained minor-axis rotation. The rotation mode is reversibly switched solely through optical reconfiguration without mechanical intervention. This unified platform establishes geometry-independent, optically programmable rotational control, opening new opportunities for high-speed multi-angle cellular imaging and dynamic studies of cell-cell interactions.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148498882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topological Jackiw-Rebbi states in photonic Van der Waals heterostructures","authors":"Sam A. Randerson, Paul Bouteyre, Xuerong Hu, Oscar J. Palma Chaundler, Alexander J. Knight, Casey K. Cheung, Roman Gorbachev, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Yue Wang, Helgi Sigurðsson, Alexander I. Tartakovskii","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02392-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02392-5","url":null,"abstract":"Topological phenomena, first studied in solid state physics, have seen increased interest for applications in nanophotonics owing to highly controllable light confinement with inherent robustness to defects. Photonic crystals can be designed to host topologically protected interface states for directional light transport, localization and robust lasing via tuning of the bulk topological invariant. At the same time, van der Waals (vdW) materials, in both their monolayer and quasi-bulk forms, emerge as exciting additions to the field of nanophotonics, with a range of unique optoelectronic properties and intrinsic adherence to any type of host material, allowing fabrication of complex multi-layer structures. We present here a 1D topological photonic platform made from stacked nanostructured and planar layers of quasi-bulk WS2 to achieve Jackiw-Rebbi (JR) interface states between two topologically distinct gratings in the near-infrared range around 750 nm. Such states are measured in the far-field using angle-resolved reflectance contrast spectroscopy and exhibit linewidth of 10 meV and highly directional emission with an angular bandwidth of 8.0°. Subsequent local mapping of the structure via sub-wavelength resolution scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) reveals strong spatial confinement of the JR state to the interface region between the gratings. Finally, we couple in the JR state the photoluminescence of monolayer WSe2 incorporated in a five-layer vdW grating heterostructure, giving rise to directional enhancement of the excitonic emission of up to 22 times that of uncoupled monolayer, thus demonstrating the potential of the topological interface states for highly directional light emission in addition to light scattering.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148476552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All-optical computing towards 100-GHz clock rates","authors":"Gordon H. Y. Li, Midya Parto, Jinhao Ge, Qing-Xin Ji, Maodong Gao, Yan Yu, James Williams, Robert M. Gray, Christian R. Leefmans, Nicolas Englebert, Kerry J. Vahala, Alireza Marandi","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02314-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02314-5","url":null,"abstract":"A computer’s clock rate ultimately determines the minimum time between sequential operations or instructions. Despite exponential advances in electronic computer performance due to Moore’s Law and increasingly parallel system architectures, clock rates of conventional processors have remained stagnant at ~5 GHz for nearly two decades. This creates a significant challenge for applications requiring real-time processing or control of ultrafast information systems. Here, we break this barrier by proposing and experimentally demonstrating computing based on an all-optical recurrent neural network leveraging the ultrafast characteristics of linear and nonlinear optical operations while circumventing electronic bottlenecks. The all-optical computer realizes linear operations, nonlinear functions, and memory entirely in the optical domain with accuracy surpassing a purely linear model up to 80 GHz clock rates depending on the task. We experimentally demonstrate a prototypical task of noisy waveform classification as well as perform ultrafast in-situ analysis of the soliton states from integrated optical microresonators. We further illustrate the application of the architecture for generative artificial intelligence based on quantum fluctuations to generate images even in the absence of input optical signals. Our results highlight the potential of all-optical computing beyond what can be achieved with digital electronics by utilizing ultrafast linear, nonlinear, and memory functions and quantum fluctuations.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"262 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical anisotropy enables skyrmions for robust information encoding","authors":"Ziyu Zhan, Qiang Liu, Xing Fu","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02396-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02396-1","url":null,"abstract":"Skyrmions are typically tied to sphere-valued vector fields. Here, researchers break this paradigm by generalizing their construction through parameter space dimensionality reduction and realizing it in structured optical anisotropy, which enables directly readable and perturbation robust skyrmionic states for topological information encoding.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A nanocrystal-based PN junction model for quantum dot light-emitting diodes","authors":"Hui Bao, Seyed Mehdi Sattari-Esfahlan, Haizheng Zhong","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02356-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02356-9","url":null,"abstract":"The PN junction of semiconductors plays an important role in designing and developing light-emitting diodes. In contrast, the characteristics of PN junctions in quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLED) have been less discussed. In this work, we analyzed the current-voltage (I–V) characteristics of QLED using a modified nano-PN junction model, which combines a silicon-based PN junction model and a hopping transport model. Under the assumption of recombination current dominance in high-efficiency QLEDs, the correlations between complete QLED I–V curves and their constituent sub-device characteristics were derived. The voltage distribution and Quasi-Fermi level splitting of functional layers were performed to elucidate the high ideality factors of QLED devices. The nanocrystal-based PN junction model was extended to simulate the experimental I–V curves of efficient QLED devices. In all, this work not only deepens the device understanding into QLED from the view of semiconductor physics, but also builds up a theoretical framework of nanocrystal-based PN junctions.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveals cell type-specific responses to heat stress in bovine mammary gland.","authors":"Xingtan Yu, Shambhvi, Diego A Ceballos, Marina M Ferreira, Alejandra Zapata, Nirosh Seneviratne, Sabina Pokharel, Yifei Fang, Guangsheng Li, Francisco A Leal Yepes, Joseph W McFadden, Jingyue Ellie Duan","doi":"10.1186/s40104-026-01468-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-026-01468-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heat stress (HS) poses a major challenge to the dairy industry by reducing milk production, yet its cell type-specific effects in the bovine mammary gland remain incompletely defined. In this study, we recorded production traits and collected mammary biopsies from cows under thermoneutral (TN), HS, and pair-fed (PF) conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Clinical measurements confirmed HS-induced physiological alterations. Compared with TN cows, HS cows exhibited reduced dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield, and yields of fat, protein, and lactose, along with increased water intake and milk urea nitrogen. The use of PF controls indicated that decreased DMI accounted for 45% of the milk-yield reduction, whereas direct HS effects accounted for the remaining reduction. We applied single-nucleus RNA-seq (snRNA-seq) on mammary biopsies to generate cell-resolved HS responses. We identified 14 distinct cell clusters, including epithelial, immune, and stromal populations. Under the TN condition, casein genes (e.g., CSN1S1, CSN2) were broadly expressed across luminal cells but were attenuated under HS, whereas luminal alveolar cells showed relative upregulation. Heat shock protein genes were strongly induced by HS, primarily in epithelial clusters. Gene-set enrichment analyses revealed increased ribosomal activities across HS-responsive clusters and enrichment of protein folding and metabolic pathways in luminal alveolar cells, suggesting elevated proteostasis demands under stress. Pseudotime analysis positioned luminal cells along a progenitor-to-secretory trajectory under TN, accompanied by increased casein gene expression, whereas under HS, mature luminal cells shifted toward a homeostasis regulatory state. Cell-cell communication analysis demonstrated HS-induced remodeling of interepithelial signaling, including altered ERBB4-mediated signaling from luminal hormone-sensing to alveolar lineages. Finally, transcription factor activity profiling highlighted cell type-specific HS-activated regulators and their downstream target genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Together, this cell type-resolved atlas delineates how HS alters bovine mammary epithelial function, developmental state, and intercellular crosstalk. These findings point to proteostasis pressure, disrupted signaling pathways, and rewired regulatory networks as mechanistic contributors to reduced lactational performance under HS, offering insights for improving heat resilience in dairy cattle.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13374132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148474523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-photon interference between independent atomic and quantum dot single-photon sources for hybrid quantum network.","authors":"Kyu-Young Kim,Heewoo Kim,Dong Hyun Park,Jinhyuk Bae,Gyeongmin Ju,Suk In Park,Jin Dong Song,Je-Hyung Kim,Han Seb Moon","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02399-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02399-y","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid quantum systems play a crucial role in advancing scalable and versatile quantum networks as they combine the strengths of different quantum platforms. An important challenge for the development of hybrid quantum networks lies in interfacing heterogeneous quantum nodes and distributing entanglement among them. Single photons emitted from these dissimilar quantum nodes typically show distinct spectral and temporal properties. Therefore, they necessitate emitters' spectral modification and temporal synchronization, which introduce significant photon losses and require additional resources. In this work, we successfully generate indistinguishable photons from two distinct quantum systems: a warm atomic ensemble and a solid-state quantum dot. Remarkably, two-photon interference between dissimilar sources is achieved without additional spectral modification of single photons under continuous-wave operation and time-resolved coincidence detection, providing a practical route toward hybrid quantum nodes. A 133Cs atomic ensemble can efficiently generate heralded single photons at the wavelength of 917 nm of the 6 P 3 / 2 - 6 D 5 / 2 transition, while the single photons emitted from an InAs/GaAs quantum dot can be tuned to match the 133Cs transition wavelength. Our dense warm atomic ensemble and cavity-coupled quantum dot can efficiently generate bright and resonant single photons at detection rates approaching the MHz range, respectively. More importantly, these single photons exhibit inherent spectral similarity not only in the wavelength but also in the spectral linewidth, achieving a high spectral overlap of 0.88 . Such intrinsic compatibility between dissimilar quantum sources is essential to leverage the advantages of different quantum platforms, paving the way toward a large-scale and functional hybrid quantum network.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148451702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spin-multiplexed point spread function engineering via dielectric metasurface for simultaneous optical differentiation and high-resolution imaging.","authors":"Niu Liu,Zhelin Lin,Zhenyu Xing,Yuhui Hu,Yuxuan Liao,Amit Agrawal,Xinliang Zhang,Cheng Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02229-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02229-1","url":null,"abstract":"In the era of artificial intelligence and machine learning, all-optical computing has garnered renewed attention for its intrinsic advantages in processing speed, energy efficiency, and parallelism over electronic systems. A key operation in such architecture is optical differentiation, which enables edge detection and feature extraction from target scenes. Metasurfaces-capable of controlling the amplitude, phase, and polarization of light at the nanoscale-have emerged as promising platforms for implementing compact optical differentiators. However, existing designs typically rely on auxiliary imaging optics to capture the processed outputs and are often limited in spatial resolution or differentiation order. Here, we introduce a new class of metasurface optical differentiators that simultaneously achieve arbitrary-order optical differentiation and high-resolution imaging in a standalone single-layer configuration, eliminating the need for additional optics. By precisely engineering multiple complex-valued point spread functions via spin multiplexing, our design enables on-demand, arbitrary-order differentiation directly across the light field and overcomes long-standing constraints in spatial resolution and operational flexibility. We experimentally demonstrate two devices capable of performing 0th/1st-order and 2nd/3rd-order differentiation with spatial resolution up to 228.0 lp/mm (line width of 2.19 μm). Their performance is further validated across diverse scenarios, including high-intensity illumination and real-time live cell imaging. Our results demonstrate that through rigorous point spread function engineering, metasurfaces offer a transformative platform for integrated, high-performance all-optical computing systems with broad potential in biological imaging, information processing, and material characterization.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"250 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148451721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical singularity protractor for rotating metrology with neuromorphic sensing","authors":"Zhe Weng, Yiyu Zhao, Zhiming Qing, Zhi-Cheng Ren, Wenxiang Yan, Xi-Lin Wang, Jianping Ding, Hui-Tian Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02357-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02357-8","url":null,"abstract":"The development of singular optics and vortex beams has facilitated numerous novel optical applications, with optical sensing being one prominent direction. By leveraging the rotational energy flow properties of vortex beams, rotational Doppler effect-based sensing for rotating objects has achieved significant progress. However, due to fundamental constraints of orbital angular momentum (OAM) and interferometry-based experimental methods, rotational Doppler sensing typically requires stringent axial alignment (single-point or multi-point) in practical scenarios, which limits their applicability. To address these limitations, this study focuses on developing rotating metrology utilizing singularities inherently associated with vortex phases, akin to the recently developed singularity ruler employing intrinsic/extrinsic modification of OAM density. In this work, we propose a sensing technique termed the “Optical Singularity Protractor (OSinP)”, which utilizes the angular velocity of singularities to reflect the rotational speed of optical fields. To extend the stable singularity ruler to dynamic rotation sensing, we developed a real-time neuromorphic singularity perception system capable of acquiring microsecond-level-resolution time-series data regarding singularity positions and movement directions, thereby enabling the sensing of optical field rotation velocity. Furthermore, we challenged the OSinP system with practical constraints, notably off-axis rotation and non-steady-state velocity, to verify its robust operational capabilities. This singularity sensing technique distinguishes itself from traditional rotation sensing by introducing neuromorphic computing into topological structured light and holds promise for neuromorphic applications in fields with stringent energy-efficiency requirements, such as astronomical metrology and embodied intelligence.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148432214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}