理学最新文献

{"title":"Terabits without fibres","authors":"Zhenyu Xie, Qi-Fan Yang","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01921-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01921-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A microcomb-based coherent free-space optical link achieves a record-high bandwidth of 8.21 Tbps. Novel beam stabilisation and carrier phase retrieval schemes are employed for turbulence suppression and error correction.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144533276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light People: Prof. Lei Zhou spoke about metasurfaces","authors":"Chenzi Guo","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01893-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01893-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Prof. Lei Zhou is a leading figure in metamaterials and metasurfaces. His pioneering works on developing gradient-index metasurfaces and utilizing ultrathin anisotropic materials for polarization control have co-shaped the foundational framework of metasurfaces. In addition to his research achievements, Prof. Zhou serves as Vice President of Fudan University - one of China’s most prominent universities - and was recently appointed as the Head of Fudan’s College of Future Information Technology. With such roles, he’s been deeply involved in many strategic initiatives and policies that contribute to the well-being of the scientific community. To shed light on the above, <i>Light: Science &amp; Applications</i> invited Prof. Lei Zhou for an in-depth conversation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144533277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From genotype to phenotype: decoding mutations in blasts by holo-tomographic flow cytometry","authors":"Daniele Pirone, Concetta Di Natale, Maria Di Summa, Nicola Mosca, Giusy Giugliano, Michela Schiavo, Daniele Florio, Daniela Marasco, Pier Luca Maffettone, Lisa Miccio, Pasquale Memmolo, Pietro Ferraro","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01913-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01913-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cup-like nuclear morphological alterations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts have been widely correlated with Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) mutations. NPM1-mutated AML has earned recognition as a distinct entity among myeloid tumors, but the absence of a thoroughly established tool for its morphological analysis remains a notable gap. Holographic tomography (HT) can offer a label-free solution for quantitatively assessing the 3D shape of the nucleus based on the volumetric variations of its refractive indices (RIs). However, traditional HT methods analyze adherent cells in a 2D layer, leading to non-isotropic reconstructions due to missing cone artifacts. Here we show for the first time that holo-tomographic flow cytometry (HTFC) achieves quantitative specificity and precise capture of the nucleus volumetric shape in AML cells in suspension. To retrieve nucleus specificity in label-free RI tomograms of flowing AML cells, we conceive and demonstrate in a real-world clinical case a novel strategy for segmenting 3D concave nuclei. This method implies that the correlation between the “phenotype” and “genotype” of nuclei is demonstrated through HTFC by creating a challenging link not yet explored between the aberrant morphological features of AML nuclei and NPM1 mutations. We conduct an ensemble-level statistical characterization of NPM1-wild type and NPM1-mutated blasts to discern their complex morphological and biophysical variances. Our findings suggest that characterizing cup-like nuclei in NPM1-related AML cells by HTFC may enhance the diagnostic approach for these tumors. Furthermore, we integrate virtual reality to provide an immersive fruition of morphological changes in AML cells within a true 3D environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144532960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near-infrared light activatable chemically induced CRISPR system","authors":"Lei Zhang, Xuejun Zhang, Le Qiu, Song Mao, Jia Sheng, Liming Chen, Umar Khan, Paul K. Upputuri, Yuri N. Zakharov, Mark F. Coughlan, Lev T. Perelman","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01917-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01917-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The biggest challenge in using CRISPR technologies, which limits their widespread application in medicine, is off-target effects. These effects could, in principle, be minimized by ensuring that CRISPR is activated primarily in the targeted cells, thereby reducing the likelihood of unintended genetic modifications in non-target tissues. Therefore, the development of a light activatable CRISPR approach to dynamically control gene activation in both space and time would be highly beneficial. A drawback is that the overwhelming majority of recently introduced light activatable CRISPR systems require UV or blue light exposure, severely limiting the penetration depth of light in tissue at which CRISPR can be activated, and, in the case of UV light, raising safety concerns. A small number of systems that activate CRISPR using longer wavelengths are hindered by either slow light activation or issues related to toxicity and biocompatibility of the proposed techniques in humans. To address this, we developed a split-Cas9/dCas9 system in which activation is achieved through a near-infrared photocleavable dimerization complex. This photoactivation method can be safely used in humans in vivo, easily adapted to different split-Cas9/dCas9 systems, and enables rapid, spatially precise light activation across various cell types.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144520423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serial coherent diffraction imaging of dynamic samples based on inter-frame continuity","authors":"Pengju Sheng, Fucai Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01860-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01860-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) provides lens-free imaging with diffraction-limited resolution and has become an important imaging modality at synchrotron facilities worldwide. The performance of current CDI approaches remains limited, particularly in their ability to handle dynamic samples or achieve consistent high-quality reconstructions. Here, we propose a novel coherent imaging approach for dynamic samples, which exploits the inter-frame continuity of the sample’s local structures as an additional constraint in phasing a sequence of diffraction patterns. Our algorithm incorporates an adaptive similarity determination procedure, eliminating the requirement for invariant regions in the sample and ensuring broad applicability to diverse sample types. We demonstrated the feasibility of this technique through experiments on various dynamic samples, achieving high-fidelity reconstructions within a few hundred iterations. With the same simple setup as conventional CDI, high image quality, and the ability to separate the sample transmission from its illumination probe, our method has the potential to significantly advance X-ray imaging and electron microscopy techniques for dynamic sample analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144520418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All-on-chip reconfigurable generation of scalar and vectorial orbital angular momentum beams","authors":"Weike Zhao, Xiaolin Yi, Jieshan Huang, Ruoran Liu, Jianwei Wang, Yaocheng Shi, Yungui Ma, Andrew Forbes, Daoxin Dai","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01899-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01899-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Structured light carrying angular momentum, such as spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM), has been at the core of new science and applications, driving the need for compact on-chip sources. While many static on-chip solutions have been demonstrated, as well as on-chip sources of free-space modes, no architecture that is fully reconfigurable in all angular momentum states and all on-chip has so far been possible. Here we report the first all-on-chip structured light generator for the creation of both scalar and vectorial angular momentum beams, facilitated through a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) chip with a silica mode multiplexer (silica chip). We selectively stimulate six linearly-polarized (LP) modes of the silica multimode bus waveguide, precisely controlling the modal powers and phases with the SOI chip. This allows us to tailor arbitrary superpositions of the mode set thus synthesizing common cylindrical vector vortex beams as well as OAM beams of controlled spin and topological charge. Our compact structured light generator exhibits high switching speed and operates across the telecom band, paving the way for applications such as optical communication and integrated quantum technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase-pure ferroelectric quantum wells with tunable photoluminescence for multi-state optoelectronic applications","authors":"Rui Sun, Yuping Jia, Bo Lai, Zhiming Shi, Mingrui Liu, Weili Yu, Ke Jiang, Shanli Zhang, Shunpeng Lv, Yang Chen, Xiaojuan Sun, Dabing Li","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01874-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01874-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) metal halide perovskite (MHP) ferroelectrics, characterized by spontaneous polarization and semiconducting properties, hold promise for functional photoferroelectrics in applications such as optical storage and in-memory computing. However, typical quasi-2D perovskite films contain multiple quantum wells with random width distribution, which degrade optoelectronic properties and spontaneous polarization. Here, we introduce phase-pure quantum wells with uniform well width by incorporating the inorganic salt MnBr₂, which effectively controls crystallization kinetics and restricts the nucleation of high n-phases, producing high-quality films. The resulting (BA)₂CsPb₂Br₇ (BA = C₄H₉NH₃) film demonstrates ferroelectric hysteresis behavior, clear in-plane ferroelectric domain switching, and a high photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQE) of 88.7%. Significantly, we observed a nonvolatile, reversible in situ photoluminescence (PL) modulation of Mn²⁺ in this ferroelectric MHP film under an applied electric field, attributed to lattice distortion from ferroelectric polarization orientation. These findings enabled the development of a simple system comprising gallium nitride (GaN) light emitting diodes (LEDs) and ferroelectric films to implement multi-state signal encoding and a logic AND gate. This work advances the fabrication of efficient ferroelectric MHP films and highlights their potential for advanced optoelectronic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in the application of microbiota transplantation in chickens.","authors":"Haoran Zhao, Luke Comer, Muhammad Zeeshan Akram, Matthias Corion, Yang Li, Nadia Everaert","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01233-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-025-01233-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extensive evidence demonstrates that a healthy and well-balanced gut microbiota profoundly influences host nutrient absorption, immunity, and metabolism. Unlike mammals, early microbiota colonization in commercial poultry largely depends on the environment as chicks hatch in incubators under a relatively sterile environment (egg and incubator sterilization) without maternal-offspring interaction. The early gut microbiota remains unsaturated, providing a critical window for modulation and influencing the subsequent microbiota succession, which may have long-term health outcomes. Microbiota transplantation (MT) involves transferring the microbiota from a donor to a recipient to modulate the recipient's microbiota toward a desired state. Successfully applied in human medicine, MT is also gaining attention in poultry production to modulate intestinal health. This review comprehensively explores factors affecting MT, its mechanisms, and its potential applications in chickens, providing insights for further research and commercial use.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"16 1","pages":"91"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12203725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliometric analysis of research on spinal tuberculosis in last 5 years.","authors":"Monalisa Mohanty, Mantu Jain, Sujit Kumar Tripathy, Manisha Tripathy, Preetam Kumar Kar, Baijayantimala Mishra, Prasanta Raghab Mohapatra","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i2.102668","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i2.102668","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Spinal tuberculosis (TB), also known as Pott's spine, remains a significant global health issue, particularly in regions with a high TB burden. The disease presents complex challenges in diagnosis, management, and treatment, prompting a growing interest in research over recent years. The advancements in imaging, diagnostics, and treatment strategies have driven an increased focus on publishing clinical outcomes, review articles, and case series related to spinal TB (STB).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;To perform a bibliometric analysis of STB research published over the last 5 years (2019-2023) to identify trends in publication volume, contributions by country, and the nature of the research being conducted.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A comprehensive bibliometric analysis was conducted using the PubMed database, focusing on research articles published between 2019 and 2023. Keywords such as \"spine tuberculosis,\" \"spinal TB,\" \"TB spine,\" and \"Pott's spine\" were utilized to capture relevant publications. Articles were analyzed based on the type of research (&lt;i&gt;e.g.&lt;/i&gt;, case reports, review articles, cohort studies, randomized controlled trials [RCTs]), number of citations, and country of origin based on the corresponding author's details. Further subgroup analysis was performed according to the TB burden in various countries to assess research trends in high-burden regions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 528 articles met the inclusion criteria for this bibliometric analysis. The majority of articles were published between 2020 and 2023 (440/528; 83.3%), while the lowest number was published in 2019 (88/528; 16.7%). India led the global contributions with 25.8% of the total publications, followed by China (19.9%) and the United States (10.4%). Combined, African countries contributed 6.8% of the research on STB. Regarding the type of articles, case reports and case series dominated the literature (353/528; 66.9%), followed by review articles (120/528; 22.7%) and cohort studies (45/528; 8.5%). Only 1.9% (10/528) of the studies were RCTs. Countries such as the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, and Japan have pioneered the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the diagnostic processes for STB, while India, China, South Africa, and other countries have been pivotal in conducting clinical trials and improving clinical management strategies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;This bibliometric analysis revealed a significant increase in STB research over the last 5 years, with India and China being the leading contributors. However, most publications are case reports or case series, with a limited number of RCTs. The results highlighted the need for more high-quality research, especially in terms of RCTs and innovations in diagnostic technologies. Additionally, the application of AI to STB diagnostics shows promise in developed countries, while high-burden countries are focusing on clinical trials ","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 2","pages":"102668"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of hyaluronic acid and type III procollagen peptide as predictors for treatment response to direct-acting antivirals.","authors":"Mohamed A Abdelrazek, Ahmed I Elghwab, Ashraf A Tabll, Elsherbiny H Elsayed, Mohammed El Behery","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i2.106479","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i2.106479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Treatment response to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) is a challenging issue and the identification of non-responders patients is very important.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the relation between baseline serum levels of hyaluronic acid (HA) and type III procollagen N-peptide (PIIINP) with direct-acting antivirals treatment failure in Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hepatitis C patients (responders and non-responders to sofosbuvir/daclatasvir) were tested for HA and PIIINP using sensitive chemiluminescent immunoassay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were distinctly higher PIIINP (<i>P</i> = 0.0003) and HA (<i>P</i> < 0.0001) levels in non-responders than responders patients with a good ability for distinguishing non-responders from patients with sustained virological response (area under the curve = 0.766 for HA and 0.684 for PIIINP). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the HA × PIIINP is the model with the highest predictive ability (area under the curve = 0.809). Diagnostic performances were superior to each marker alone with good sensitivity (74.7%), specificity (74%), positive predictive (68.3%), negative predictive values (79.6%) and accuracy (74.3%). The multiplication of HA × PIIINP is correlated significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05) with elevated liver enzymes (<i>r</i> = 0.212), decreased albumin (<i>r</i> = -0.26), elevated aspartate aminotransferase-platelet ratio index (<i>r</i> = 0.223) and elevated fibrosis-4 score (<i>r</i> = 0.216) scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggested the remarkable role of fibrogensis markers HA and PIIINP in the prediction of hepatitis C virus DAAs treatment response. Multiplying HA with PIIINP values increase the sensitivity to detect treatment success and thus may aim to improve treatment duration and the disease control.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 2","pages":"106479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}