Single-gate electro-optic beam switching metasurfaces

IF 23.4 Q1 OPTICS
Sangjun Han, Jinseok Kong, Junho Choi, Won Chegal, Min Seok Jang
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Electro-optic active metasurfaces have attracted attention due to their ability to electronically control optical wavefronts with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolutions. In most studies, such devices require gate arrays composed of a large number of independently-controllable local gate electrodes that address the local scattering response of individual metaatoms. Although this approach in principle enables arbitrary wavefront control, the complicated driving mechanism and low optical efficiency have been hindering its practical applications. In this work, we demonstrate an active beam switching device that provides highly directional beam profiles and significant and uniform optical efficiencies across diffraction orders separated by a large deflection angle. The device operates with only a single-gate bias applied to monolayer graphene, modulating its optical conductivity to control the optical efficiency of the device. The key performance metrics, the absolute and the relative efficiency, which are defined as the scattered power toward a certain angle θ normalized by the incident power and the net scattered power from the metasurface, respectively, are maximized by a genetic algorithm. Experimentally, the metasurface achieves 57° of active beam switching from the 0th to the −1st order diffraction, with absolute efficiencies of 0.084 and 0.078 and relative efficiencies of 0.765 and 0.836, respectively. Furthermore, an analytical framework using nonlocal quasinormal mode expansion provides deeper insight into the operating mechanism of active beam switching. Finally, we discuss the performance limitations of this design platform and provide insights into potential improvements.

Abstract Image

单门电光光束开关超表面
电光有源超表面由于能够以前所未有的时空分辨率对光波前进行电子控制而受到人们的关注。在大多数研究中,这种器件需要由大量独立可控的局部栅极组成的门阵列,以解决单个元原子的局部散射响应。虽然这种方法在原理上可以实现任意波前控制,但其驱动机制复杂,光效率低,阻碍了其实际应用。在这项工作中,我们展示了一种主动式光束开关装置,该装置提供了高度定向的光束轮廓,并且在大偏转角分开的衍射阶上具有显著而均匀的光学效率。该器件仅在单层石墨烯上施加单栅偏置,通过调制其光电导率来控制器件的光效率。关键的性能指标,即绝对效率和相对效率,分别定义为入射功率归一化后向一定角度θ的散射功率和来自超表面的净散射功率,通过遗传算法实现了最大化。实验结果表明,该超表面实现了从0阶衍射到−1阶衍射的57°有源光束切换,绝对效率分别为0.084和0.078,相对效率分别为0.765和0.836。此外,利用非局域拟正规模式展开的分析框架为有源波束开关的工作机制提供了更深入的了解。最后,我们讨论了该设计平台的性能限制,并提供了潜在改进的见解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Light-Science & Applications
Light-Science & Applications 数理科学, 物理学I, 光学, 凝聚态物性 II :电子结构、电学、磁学和光学性质, 无机非金属材料, 无机非金属类光电信息与功能材料, 工程与材料, 信息科学, 光学和光电子学, 光学和光电子材料, 非线性光学与量子光学
自引率
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发文量
803
审稿时长
2.1 months
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