Light-Science & Applications最新文献

MetaSeeker: sketching an open invisible space with self-play reinforcement learning MetaSeeker：通过自我游戏强化学习绘制一个开放的无形空间

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01876-0

Bei Wu, Chao Qian, Zhedong Wang, Pujing Lin, Erping Li, Hongsheng Chen

{"title":"MetaSeeker: sketching an open invisible space with self-play reinforcement learning","authors":"Bei Wu, Chao Qian, Zhedong Wang, Pujing Lin, Erping Li, Hongsheng Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01876-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01876-0","url":null,"abstract":"Controlling electromagnetic (EM) waves at will is fundamentally important for diverse applications, ranging from optical microcavities, super-resolution imaging, to quantum information processing. Decades ago, the forays into metamaterials and transformation optics have ignited unprecedented interest to create an invisibility cloak—a closed space with any object inside invisible. However, all features of the scattering waves become stochastic and uncontrollable when EM waves interact with an open and disordered environment, making an open invisible space almost impossible. Counterintuitively, here we for the first time present an open, cluttered, and dynamic but invisible space, wherein any freely-moving object maintains invisible. To adapt to the disordered environment, we randomly organize a swarm of reconfigurable metasurfaces, and master them by MetaSeeker, a population-based reinforcement learning (RL). MetaSeeker constructs a narcissistic internal world to mirror the stochastic physical world, capable of autonomous preferment, evolution, and adaptation. In the perception-decision-execution experiment, multiple RL agents automatically interact with the ever-changing environments and integrate a post-hoc explainability to visualize the decision-making process. The hidden objects, such as vehicle cluster and experimenter, can freely scale, race, and track in the invisible space, with the environmental similarity of 99.5%. Our results constitute a monumental stride to reshape the evolutionary landscape of metasurfaces from individual to swarm intelligence and usher in the remote management of entire EM space.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144211359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-spatiotemporal-resolution distributed Brillouin sensing with transient acoustic wave 基于瞬态声波的高时空分辨率分布式布里渊传感

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01848-4

Yin Zhou, Yuan Cheng, Jia Ye, Zonglei Li, Haijun He, Wei Pan, Bin Luo, Lianshan Yan

{"title":"High-spatiotemporal-resolution distributed Brillouin sensing with transient acoustic wave","authors":"Yin Zhou, Yuan Cheng, Jia Ye, Zonglei Li, Haijun He, Wei Pan, Bin Luo, Lianshan Yan","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01848-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01848-4","url":null,"abstract":"Real-time wide-area environment sensing is crucial for accessing open-world information streams from nature and human society. As a transformative technique distinct from electrical sensors, distributed optical fiber sensing especially for Brillouin scattering-based paradigm has shown superior bandwidth, power, and sensing range. Still, it suffers from insufficient resolution and timeliness to characterize remote dynamic events. Here we develop TABS—a transient acoustic wave-based Brillouin optical time domain analysis sensor, supporting long-range high-spatiotemporal-resolution distributed sensing. By designing a functionally synergistic sensor architecture, TABS elaborately leverages wideband and time-weighted energy transformation properties of a transient acousto-optic interaction to breaking through Brillouin-energy-utilization-efficiency bottleneck, enabling enhancements in overall sensing performance. In the experiment, TABS has achieved a 37-cm spatial resolution over a 50-km range with 1 to 2 orders of magnitude improvement in temporal resolution compared to prevailing Brillouin sensing approaches. For the first time, TABS is explored for state imaging of evacuated-tube maglev transportation system as an exemplary application, showcasing its feasibility and flexibility for potential open-world applications and large-scale intelligent perception.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144201807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pockels laser directly driving ultrafast optical metrology Pockels激光直接驱动超快光学计量

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01872-4

Shixin Xue, Mingxiao Li, Raymond Lopez-rios, Jingwei Ling, Zhengdong Gao, Qili Hu, Tian Qiu, Jeremy Staffa, Lin Chang, Heming Wang, Chao Xiang, John E. Bowers, Qiang Lin

{"title":"Pockels laser directly driving ultrafast optical metrology","authors":"Shixin Xue, Mingxiao Li, Raymond Lopez-rios, Jingwei Ling, Zhengdong Gao, Qili Hu, Tian Qiu, Jeremy Staffa, Lin Chang, Heming Wang, Chao Xiang, John E. Bowers, Qiang Lin","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01872-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01872-4","url":null,"abstract":"The invention of the laser unleashed the potential of optical metrology, leading to numerous advancements in modern science and technology. This reliance on lasers, however, also introduces a bottleneck for precision optical metrology, as it requires sophisticated photonic infrastructure for precise laser-wave control, leading to limited metrology performance and significant system complexity. Here, we take a key step toward overcoming this challenge by demonstrating a Pockels laser with multifunctional capabilities that elevate optical metrology to a new level. The chip-scale laser achieves a narrow intrinsic linewidth down to 167 Hz and a broad mode-hop-free tuning range up to 24 GHz. In particular, it delivers an unprecedented frequency chirping rate of up to 20 EHz/s and an exceptional modulation bandwidth exceeding 10 GHz, both of which are orders of magnitude greater than those of existing lasers. Leveraging this laser, we successfully achieve velocimetry at 40 m/s over a short distance of 0.4 m, and measurable velocities up to the first cosmic velocity at 1 m away—a feat unattainable with conventional ranging approaches. At the same time, we achieve distance metrology with a ranging resolution of <2 cm. Furthermore, for the first time to our knowledge, we implement a dramatically simplified architecture for laser frequency stabilization by directly locking the laser to an external reference gas cell without requiring additional external light control. This approach enables long-term laser stability with a frequency fluctuation of only ±6.5 MHz over 60 min. The demonstrated Pockels laser combines elegantly high laser coherence with ultrafast frequency reconfigurability and superior multifunctional capability. We envision its profound impact across diverse fields including communication, sensing, autonomous driving, quantum information processing, and beyond.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144176632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scalable miniature on-chip Fourier transform spectrometer for Raman spectroscopy 用于拉曼光谱的可扩展微型片上傅里叶变换光谱仪

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01861-7

Sarp Kerman, Xiao Luo, Zuoqin Ding, Zhewei Zhang, Zhuo Deng, Xiaofei Qin, Yuran Xu, Shuhua Zhai, Chang Chen

{"title":"Scalable miniature on-chip Fourier transform spectrometer for Raman spectroscopy","authors":"Sarp Kerman, Xiao Luo, Zuoqin Ding, Zhewei Zhang, Zhuo Deng, Xiaofei Qin, Yuran Xu, Shuhua Zhai, Chang Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01861-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01861-7","url":null,"abstract":"Miniaturized spectrometers for Raman spectroscopy have the potential to open up a new chapter in sensing. Raman spectroscopy is essential for material characterization and biomedical diagnostics, however, its weak signal and the need for sub-nanometer resolution pose challenges. Conventional spectrometers, with footprints proportional to optical throughput and resolution, are difficult to integrate into compact devices such as wearables. Waveguide-based Fourier Transform Spectrometers (FTS) enable compact spectrometers, and multi-aperture designs can achieve high throughput for applications such as Raman spectroscopy; however, experimental research in this domain remains limited. In this work, we present a multi-aperture SiN waveguide-based FTS overcoming these limitations and enabling Raman spectroscopy of isopropyl alcohol, glucose, Paracetamol, and Ibuprofen with enhanced throughput. Our spectrometer chip, fabricated on a 200 mm SiN wafer, with 160 edge-coupled waveguide apertures connected to an array of ultra-compact interferometers and a small footprint of just 1.6 mm × 3.2 mm, achieves a spectral range of 40 nm and a resolution of 0.5 nm. Experimental results demonstrate that the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression significantly enhances Raman spectrum reconstruction. Our work on waveguide-based spectrometry paves the way for integrating accurate and compact Raman sensors into consumer electronics and space exploration instruments.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144176644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unveiling asymmetric topological photonic states in anisotropic 2D perovskite microcavities 揭示各向异性二维钙钛矿微腔中的不对称拓扑光子态

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01852-8

Emmanouil G. Mavrotsoupakis, Leonidas Mouchliadis, Junhui Cao, Minoas C. Chairetis, Marios E. Triantafyllou-Rundell, Eleni C. P. Macropulos, Giannis G. Paschos, Apostolos Pantousas, Huaying Liu, Alexey V. Kavokin, Hamid Ohadi, Constantinos C. Stoumpos, Pavlos G. Savvidis

{"title":"Unveiling asymmetric topological photonic states in anisotropic 2D perovskite microcavities","authors":"Emmanouil G. Mavrotsoupakis, Leonidas Mouchliadis, Junhui Cao, Minoas C. Chairetis, Marios E. Triantafyllou-Rundell, Eleni C. P. Macropulos, Giannis G. Paschos, Apostolos Pantousas, Huaying Liu, Alexey V. Kavokin, Hamid Ohadi, Constantinos C. Stoumpos, Pavlos G. Savvidis","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01852-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01852-8","url":null,"abstract":"Photonic Rashba-Dresselhaus coupling in anisotropic microcavities offers a compelling platform for realizing unconventional topological states with non-zero Berry curvature. In this study, we explore a self-assembled two-dimensional hybrid structure composed of anisotropically oriented organic/inorganic halide perovskite layers confined within a microcavity. The strong optical anisotropies of these perovskite systems, driven by significant refractive index contrasts and robust excitonic resonances at room temperature, enable the emergence of synthetic magnetic fields that mediate photonic and polaritonic interactions. The interplay between polarization-dependent modes and spatial inversion symmetry breaking gives rise to strong photonic Rashba-Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling, leading to distinct modifications in band topology and energy dispersions. These effects result in the formation of unconventional topological features, including non-zero Berry curvature and off-axis diabolical points, within the photonic and polaritonic bands at room temperature. Our findings reveal the critical role of optical and geometric anisotropies in engineering synthetic gauge fields for light, providing a versatile approach for designing photonic systems with novel topological properties. By leveraging the unique properties of halide perovskites and their ability to support both room-temperature excitons and large birefringence, this work advances the development of polaritonic platforms for applications in topological photonics and spinoptronics.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144165274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Broadband achromatic metalens for high-resolution imaging 用于高分辨率成像的宽带消色差超透镜

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01858-2

Yangkyu Kim, Inki Kim

引用次数: 0

Photon-number-resolving detection enables single-photon LiDAR approaching the standard quantum limit 光子数分辨探测使单光子激光雷达接近标准量子极限

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01880-4

Feihu Xu

引用次数: 0

In-operando control of sum-frequency generation in tip-enhanced nanocavities 尖端增强纳米腔中和频率产生的操作控制

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01855-5

Philippe Roelli, Isabel Pascual Robledo, Iris Niehues, Javier Aizpurua, Rainer Hillenbrand

{"title":"In-operando control of sum-frequency generation in tip-enhanced nanocavities","authors":"Philippe Roelli, Isabel Pascual Robledo, Iris Niehues, Javier Aizpurua, Rainer Hillenbrand","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01855-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01855-5","url":null,"abstract":"Sum-frequency generation (SFG) is a second-order nonlinear process widely used for characterizing surfaces and interfaces with monolayer sensitivity. Recently, optical field enhancement in plasmonic nanocavities has enabled SFG with continuous wave (CW) lasers from nanoscale areas of molecules, promising applications like nanoscale SFG spectroscopy and coherent upconversion for mid-infrared detection at visible frequencies. Here, we demonstrate CW SFG from individual nanoparticle-on-mirror (NPoM) cavities, which are resonant at visible frequencies and filled with a monolayer of molecules, when placed beneath a metal scanning probe tip. The tip acts as an efficient broadband antenna, focusing incident CW infrared illumination onto the nanocavity. The cascaded near-field enhancement within the NPoM nanocavity yields nonlinear optical responses across a broad range of infrared frequencies, achieving SFG enhancements of up to 14 orders of magnitude. Further, nanomechanical positioning of the tip allows for in-operando control of SFG by tuning the local field enhancement rather than the illumination intensities. The versatility of tip-enhanced nanocavities allows for SFG studies of a wide range of molecular species in the few-molecule regime without the need for complex nanofabrication. Our results also promise SFG nanoimaging with tips providing strong visible and IR field enhancement at their apex, offering a robust platform for future applications in nonlinear nanooptics.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantum computing predicts particle trajectories in optical tweezers 量子计算预测光镊中的粒子轨迹

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01879-x

Da-Wei Wang

引用次数: 0

Light-powered phagocytic macrophage microrobot (phagobot): both in vitro and in vivo. 光能吞噬巨噬细胞微型机器人（phagobot）：体内体外均可。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01881-3

Xing Li,Shuhan Zhong,Ting Pan,Jianyun Xiong,Guoshuai Zhu,Yang Shi,Hongbao Xin

{"title":"Light-powered phagocytic macrophage microrobot (phagobot): both in vitro and in vivo.","authors":"Xing Li,Shuhan Zhong,Ting Pan,Jianyun Xiong,Guoshuai Zhu,Yang Shi,Hongbao Xin","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01881-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01881-3","url":null,"abstract":"Micro/nanorobots based on immune cells show great potential for addressing challenging biological and biomedical conditions. However, their powerful innate immune functions, particularly the phagocytosis capabilities, remain a big challenge to fully leverage with the current designs of immune cell-based microrobots. Herein, we report a light-powered phagocytic macrophage microrobot (phagobot), which is capable of robotic navigation toward specific foreign bio-threats and executing precise phagocytosis of these targeted entities under light control. Without genetic modification or nanoengineering of macrophages, the phagobot's \"wake-up\" program is achieved through direct activation of a resting-state macrophage by a tightly focused near-infrared (NIR) light beam. The phagobot exhibits robotic steering and directional navigation controlled by optical manipulation of the extended pseudopodia within the activated macrophage. It can further execute targeted phagocytic clearance tasks via engulfing various foreign bio-threats, including nanoplastics, microbials, and cancer cell debris. Notably, the phagobot can be constructed in a living larval zebrafish through optical activation and manipulation of the endogenous macrophage, which also exhibits controllable navigation and targeted phagocytic capabilities in vivo. With the intrinsic immune functions of macrophages, our light-powered phagobot represents a novel form of intelligent immune cell-based microrobots, holding many new possibilities for precise immune regulation and treatment for immune-related diseases.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"234 1","pages":"202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144087520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0