Light-Science & Applications最新文献

Weak-disturbance imaging and characterization of ultra-confined optical near fields. 超受限光学近场弱扰动成像与表征。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01951-6

Liu Yang,Yaolong Li,Jinglin Tang,Zhanke Zhou,Hongliang Dang,Zhaohang Xue,Xiaofang Li,Zini Cao,Yijie Luo,Hong Yang,Xiongyong Hu,Wei Wang,Xin Guo,Pan Wang,Guowei Lyu,Qihuang Gong,Limin Tong

{"title":"Weak-disturbance imaging and characterization of ultra-confined optical near fields.","authors":"Liu Yang,Yaolong Li,Jinglin Tang,Zhanke Zhou,Hongliang Dang,Zhaohang Xue,Xiaofang Li,Zini Cao,Yijie Luo,Hong Yang,Xiongyong Hu,Wei Wang,Xin Guo,Pan Wang,Guowei Lyu,Qihuang Gong,Limin Tong","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01951-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01951-6","url":null,"abstract":"Ultra-confined optical fields are of great importance in fundamental optics and optical technologies. The extreme field confinement in ultra-small nanostructures presents significant challenges in direct near-field characterization. Conventional scanning near-field optical microscopy encounters difficulties in characterizing sub-10-nm confined light fields due to significant disturbances of the optical field caused by the probe. Here, by employing a high spatial-resolved photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM), we succeeded in imaging the ultra-confined near fields of a nanoslit mode in a coupled nanowire pair (CNP) with weak disturbance for the first time and demonstrating a quasi-three-dimensional field distribution of the nanoslit mode. We also show that a PEEM image can identify fabrication defects that are influential to the confined field but are imperceptible to many other means. These results open an opportunity for weak-disturbance characterization of ultra-confined optical near fields, which is an essential step toward future optical devices or technology relying on ultra-confined light.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"69 1","pages":"358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145215620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Attosecond quantum uncertainty dynamics and ultrafast squeezed light for quantum communication. 用于量子通信的阿秒量子不确定动力学和超快压缩光。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02055-x

Mohamed Sennary,Javier Rivera-Dean,Mohamed ElKabbash,Vladimir Pervak,Maciej Lewenstein,Mohammed Th Hassan

{"title":"Attosecond quantum uncertainty dynamics and ultrafast squeezed light for quantum communication.","authors":"Mohamed Sennary,Javier Rivera-Dean,Mohamed ElKabbash,Vladimir Pervak,Maciej Lewenstein,Mohammed Th Hassan","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02055-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02055-x","url":null,"abstract":"Advancements in quantum optics and squeezed light generation have revolutionized various fields of quantum science over the past three decades, with notable applications such as gravitational wave detection. Here, we extend the use of squeezed light to the realm of ultrafast quantum science. We demonstrate the generation of the shortest ultrafast synthesized quantum light pulses spanning 0.33 to 0.73 PHz by a degenerate four-wave mixing nonlinear process. Experimental metrology results confirm that these pulses exhibit amplitude squeezing, which is consistent with theoretical predictions. Moreover, we observe the temporal dynamics of amplitude uncertainty of the squeezed light, demonstrating that quantum uncertainty of light is controllable and tunable in real time. Additionally, we demonstrate control over the quantum state of light by switching between amplitude and phase squeezing. Our ability to generate and manipulate ultrafast, squeezed, synthesized light waveforms with attosecond resolution unlocks exciting possibilities for quantum technologies, including petahertz-scale secure quantum communication, quantum computing, and ultrafast spectroscopy. As an example, we introduce an attosecond quantum encryption protocol leveraging squeezed synthesized light for secure digital communication at unprecedented speeds. This work paves the way for exploring quantum uncertainty dynamics and establishes the foundation for the emerging ultrafast and attosecond quantum science fields.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"6 1","pages":"350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145209222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Terahertz graphene-based tunable capacitance metamaterials with ultra-high amplitude modulation depth. 具有超高调幅深度的太赫兹石墨烯基可调电容超材料。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02037-z

Zi-Jun Guo,Geng-Bo Wu

引用次数: 0

Modulating parallel photon avalanche in Ho3+ for multicolor nanoscopy and related applications. 在多色纳米显微镜中调制平行光子雪崩及其相关应用。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02033-3

Dingxin Huang,Yung Doug Suh,Guanying Chen

引用次数: 0

Recent progress in the patterning of perovskite films for photodetector applications. 光电探测器用钙钛矿薄膜的图案化研究进展。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01958-z

Chuantao Hu,Bo Li,Xiaoyue Wang,Chi Liu,Dongming Sun,Huiming Cheng

{"title":"Recent progress in the patterning of perovskite films for photodetector applications.","authors":"Chuantao Hu,Bo Li,Xiaoyue Wang,Chi Liu,Dongming Sun,Huiming Cheng","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01958-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01958-z","url":null,"abstract":"Photodetectors, as the core devices for optical signal conversion, need to balance high efficiency, fast response, and low-cost fabrication. Perovskite, with its advantages of high carrier mobility and tunable band gaps, have become an ideal alternative to silicon-based materials. This paper systematically reviews the progress in the patterned fabrication techniques and device construction of perovskite photodetectors across various dimensional material systems. First, it introduces five mainstream patterned fabrication methods for perovskites: template-confined growth, inkjet printing, vapor deposition, seed-induced growth, and conventional photolithography. Then, the latest research on image sensors based on perovskite materials in different dimensions is discussed. Following this, the paper highlights two promising application directions with great development potential: flexible wearable devices and electrochemical vision systems. Finally, the challenges and potential solutions for the future development of patterned perovskite photodetectors are presented to guide the development of high-performance perovskite optoelectronic devices.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"23 1","pages":"355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultra-highly linear Ga2O3-based cascade heterojunctions optoelectronic synapse with thousands of conductance states for neuromorphic visual system. 神经形态视觉系统中具有数千个电导状态的超线性ga2o3级联异质结光电突触。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01897-9

Peng Li,Xuanyu Shan,Ya Lin,Yi Du,Jiangang Ma,Zhongqiang Wang,Xiaoning Zhao,Ye Tao,Haiyang Xu,Yichun Liu

{"title":"Ultra-highly linear Ga2O3-based cascade heterojunctions optoelectronic synapse with thousands of conductance states for neuromorphic visual system.","authors":"Peng Li,Xuanyu Shan,Ya Lin,Yi Du,Jiangang Ma,Zhongqiang Wang,Xiaoning Zhao,Ye Tao,Haiyang Xu,Yichun Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01897-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01897-9","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrawide bandgap semiconductor optoelectronic synapses can perform high-parallel computing with a low false alarm rate, making them ideal for building deep-ultraviolet (DUV) neuromorphic visual system (NVS). However, the rapid carrier recombination in these optoelectronic synapses results in a poor number of conductance states and a low linear weight update protocol, consequently degrading the image recognition accuracy of DUV NVSs. This work proposes a type of cascade heterojunctions capable of finely tuning the dynamics of photogenerated carriers, utilizing aluminum interdigital electrodes sandwiched between tin-doped Ga2O3 and oxygen-deficient hafnium oxide (GTO/Al/HfOx) films. The built-in fields at the GTO/HfOx heterojunction and the Al/HfOx hole Schottky junction interfaces facilitate the separation of photogenerated carriers and the subsequent trapping of holes by the oxygen defects in the HfOx, respectively. The GTO/Al/HfOx optoelectronic synapses exhibit an ultrahigh responsivity of over 104 A/W and a large photo-to-dark current ratio of 6 × 105, which results in exceptional synaptic plasticity with unprecedented 4096 conductance states and excellent linearity with a fitting coefficient of 0.992. These attributes enable the GTO/Al/HfOx optoelectronic synapses to execute logical operations with fault-tolerance capability and to achieve high-accuracy fingerprint classification. The innovative cascade heterojunctions design, along with the elucidated carrier dynamics modulation mechanism, facilitates the development of DUV NVSs.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"99 1","pages":"354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Edge states jointly determined by eigenvalue and eigenstate winding. 边缘状态由特征值和特征态绕组共同决定。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02038-y

Jinbing Hu,Yixin Sha,Yi Yang

引用次数: 0

Localization of single molecules with structured illumination and structured detection. 用结构照明和结构检测定位单分子。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01980-1

Luciano A Masullo

引用次数: 0

Shaping the light of VCSELs through cavity geometry design. 通过腔体几何设计塑造vcsel的光。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01996-7

Hang Lu,Omar Alkhazragi,Heming Lin,Tien Khee Ng,Boon S Ooi

{"title":"Shaping the light of VCSELs through cavity geometry design.","authors":"Hang Lu,Omar Alkhazragi,Heming Lin,Tien Khee Ng,Boon S Ooi","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01996-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01996-7","url":null,"abstract":"Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are essential in modern optoelectronic systems, driving applications in high-speed optical communications, 3D sensing, and LiDAR. While significant progress has been made in improving VCSEL performance, the role of cavity geometry in optimizing key optical characteristics remains insufficiently explored. This study systematically examines how distinct cavity geometries-circular, square, D-shaped, mushroom-shaped, and pentagonal-affect both the static and dynamic properties of broad-area VCSELs. We analyze their effects on optical power, multimode behavior, beam profile, spatial coherence, and polarization dynamics. Our results show that breaking the continuous rotational symmetry of the cavity effectively increases gain utilization and power, changes the multimode lasing characteristics, shapes the beam, and modifies the polarization. Notably, the pentagonal VCSEL exhibits more than twice the optical power density of its circular counterpart. It also supports the highest number of modes and the fastest mode dynamics, driven by strong mode interaction. These properties make it a strong candidate for high-speed entropy generation. Mushroom-shaped VCSELs demonstrate high power and low spatial coherence, making them ideal for speckle-free imaging and illumination applications. Meanwhile, D-shaped VCSELs provide the most stable polarization and controllable multimode behavior with high power, showcasing their potential for applications that require stable and low-coherence light sources. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the impact of cavity geometry on VCSEL performance, which provides insights for optimizing VCSEL designs tailored to diverse applications that require distinct properties with broad applicability to advanced imaging, sensing, optical coherence tomography, high-speed communication, and other photonic technologies.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"92 1","pages":"344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Coherent detector for the non-separability measurement of vectorial structured light. 用于矢量结构光不可分性测量的相干探测器。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02035-1

Yize Liang,Shuai Cao,Lixian Liu,Fei Liu,Xukun Yin,Pei Lv,Yiming Zhang,Yunrui Zou,Liang Fang,Shuang Zheng,Zhenyu Wan,Teli Xi,Xiaopeng Shao,Jian Wang

{"title":"Coherent detector for the non-separability measurement of vectorial structured light.","authors":"Yize Liang,Shuai Cao,Lixian Liu,Fei Liu,Xukun Yin,Pei Lv,Yiming Zhang,Yunrui Zou,Liang Fang,Shuang Zheng,Zhenyu Wan,Teli Xi,Xiaopeng Shao,Jian Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02035-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02035-1","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric turbulence distorts the complex wavefront of light in free-space optical communication systems, leading to bit errors and even communication interruptions. Recently, it is found that the non-separability of vectorial structured light remains invariant when transmitting through atmospheric turbulence. This discovery offers a potential solution for turbulence-resilient communications-encoding based on the non-separability of vectorial structured light. To achieve such turbulence-resilient communications, efficient detection of the non-separability of vectorial structured light is essential, which acts as the receivers of such communication systems. So far, traditional non-separability detection schemes usually rely on bulky SLMs or DMDs, facing inherent trade-offs between single-shot capability and system compactness. In addition, the detection of mode-resolved non-separability contributions of vectorial superposition states has not yet been accomplished. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a coherent detector to characterize the non-separability of vectorial structured light based on off-axis digital holography, which overcomes the limitations of traditional approaches by digitally decomposing spatial modes. Our approach may pave the way for turbulence-resilient optical communications based on non-separability coding methods and bring new insights into non-separability measurement.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"4 1","pages":"343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145153305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0