Light-Science & Applications最新文献

High-power, high-wall-plug-efficiency quantum cascade lasers with high-brightness in continuous wave operation at 3–300μm 3-300μm连续波工作高功率、高壁塞效率、高亮度量子级联激光器

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-07-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01935-6

Manijeh Razeghi, Yanbo Bai, Feihu Wang

引用次数: 0

Rigid crosslinker-assisted nondestructive direct photolithograph for patterned QLED displays 用于图案QLED显示器的刚性交联辅助无损直接光刻技术

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01918-7

Zhong Chen, Zhongwei Man, Shichao Rao, Jinxing Zhao, Shuaibing Wang, Runtong Zhang, Feng Teng, Aiwei Tang

{"title":"Rigid crosslinker-assisted nondestructive direct photolithograph for patterned QLED displays","authors":"Zhong Chen, Zhongwei Man, Shichao Rao, Jinxing Zhao, Shuaibing Wang, Runtong Zhang, Feng Teng, Aiwei Tang","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01918-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01918-7","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, colloidal quantum dots (QDs) with high luminescent efficiency and tunable colors have become ideal materials for next-generation display devices. Direct photolithography is a powerful tool for patterning QD devices, but it faces the serious issue of degradation in the photophysical properties of the patterned QDs. Here, we use relatively rigid cyclopentane as a bridging group to design the crosslinker CPTA, achieving high-resolution direct photolithography of QDs with nearly nondestructive under ambient conditions. The key to the crosslinker design is the introduction of a rigid bridging group that elevates the LUMO level, providing a stronger energy barrier to prevent QD electrons from being trapped or undergoing non-radiative recombination, thus preserving their PL and EL properties. The efficient and high-resolution RGB line and dot arrays were fabricated with pixel sizes down to 1 μm and a resolution of up to 6350 PPI. The patterned RGB QD films, especially red QDs, maintained their optical and optoelectronic properties, with patterned red QLEDs achieving peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 21% and a maximum luminance (Lmax) of ~180,000 cd m⁻², matching pristine devices. These results highlight the importance of photo-crosslinker design for nondestructive QDs patterning, paving the way for advanced display applications in patterned QLED technology.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144693812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancements and challenges in inverse lithography technology: a review of artificial intelligence-based approaches. 逆光刻技术的进展与挑战：基于人工智能的方法综述。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01923-w

Yixin Yang,Kexuan Liu,Yunhui Gao,Chen Wang,Liangcai Cao

{"title":"Advancements and challenges in inverse lithography technology: a review of artificial intelligence-based approaches.","authors":"Yixin Yang,Kexuan Liu,Yunhui Gao,Chen Wang,Liangcai Cao","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01923-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01923-w","url":null,"abstract":"Inverse lithography technology (ILT) is a promising approach in computational lithography to address the challenges posed by shrinking semiconductor device dimensions. The ILT leverages optimization algorithms to generate mask patterns, outperforming traditional optical proximity correction methods. This review provides an overview of ILT's principles, evolution, and applications, with an emphasis on integration with artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. The review tracks recent advancements of ILT in model improvement and algorithmic efficiency. Challenges such as extended computational runtimes and mask-writing complexities are summarized, with potential solutions discussed. Despite these challenges, AI-driven methods, such as convolutional neural networks, deep neural networks, generative adversarial networks, and model-driven deep learning methods, are transforming ILT. AI-based approaches offer promising pathways to overcome existing limitations and support the adoption in high-volume manufacturing. Future research directions are explored to exploit ILT's potential and drive progress in the semiconductor industry.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"90 1","pages":"250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144693276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Micrometer-scale indirect photopatterning of RGB OLED emissive layers in single phase network structure 单相网状结构中RGB OLED发射层的微米尺度间接光模式

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01907-w

Seunghan Lee, Hyobin Ham, Shahid Ameen, Byung Hak Jhun, SeungHwan Roh, Hyeono Yee, Chang Hyeok Lim, Yuchan Heo, Hyukmin Kweon, Dongheon Han, Do Hwan Kim, Youngmin You, BongSoo Kim, Moon Sung Kang

{"title":"Micrometer-scale indirect photopatterning of RGB OLED emissive layers in single phase network structure","authors":"Seunghan Lee, Hyobin Ham, Shahid Ameen, Byung Hak Jhun, SeungHwan Roh, Hyeono Yee, Chang Hyeok Lim, Yuchan Heo, Hyukmin Kweon, Dongheon Han, Do Hwan Kim, Youngmin You, BongSoo Kim, Moon Sung Kang","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01907-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01907-w","url":null,"abstract":"Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) used in virtual and augmented reality displays require micrometer-scale red-green-blue (RGB) pixel patterns in the emissive layer (EML). However, conventional patterning methods based on evaporation and shadow masks can only produce patterns larger than tens of micrometers owing to the geometric constraint of the mask. Herein, an indirect method for photopatterning solution-processed OLED EMLs is proposed, which can be used to form micrometer-scale RGB pixel patterns without involving direct exposure to UV radiation or harsh etching processes on EMLs. EMLs can be patterned by i) forming a sacrificial photoresist (PR) pattern, ii) spin-coating an EML film, iii) converting the EML film into a single-phase network (SPN) structure by crosslinking vinylbenzyl-group-appended hosts and dopants at a low temperature, and iv) stripping the pre-formed PR pattern. Furthermore, repeating the process thrice results in the formation of RGB EML patterns. During the repeated process, the sacrificial PR pattern serves as a protective layer for the underlying EML pattern, effectively preventing the EML pattern from being exposed to solutions in subsequent processes. Using a conventional photolithography setup, we produced sets of RGB EML patterns with densities exceeding 3000 patterns/in., which indicated the potential of the method for industrial use.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scalable X-ray scintillators with bright singlet-triplet hybrid self-trapping excitons 具有明亮单重态-三重态混合自捕获激子的可伸缩x射线闪烁体

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01869-z

Shi-Yu Song, Chao-Jun Gao, Rui Zhou, Bing-Zhe Wang, Wen-Bo Zhao, Qing Cao, Yan-Wei Hu, Lin Dong, Kai-Kai Liu, Chong-Xin Shan

{"title":"Scalable X-ray scintillators with bright singlet-triplet hybrid self-trapping excitons","authors":"Shi-Yu Song, Chao-Jun Gao, Rui Zhou, Bing-Zhe Wang, Wen-Bo Zhao, Qing Cao, Yan-Wei Hu, Lin Dong, Kai-Kai Liu, Chong-Xin Shan","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01869-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01869-z","url":null,"abstract":"Size-scalable X-ray scintillators with high transparency and robust photon yield allow for imaging large objects with greater precision and detail. Solution-processable scintillators, typically crafted from quantum dots (QDs), are promising candidates for highly efficient scintillation applications. However, the restricted size and low transparency in QD-based scintillators lead to less efficient X-ray imaging for large objects requiring high resolution. Herein, we demonstrate a meter-scale ZnO QD scintillator with a visible range transmittance exceeding 96%, featuring bright singlet-triplet hybrid self-trapping excitons (STEs). The quantum yields (QYs) of singlet excitons and triplet excitons are 44.7% and 26.3%. Benefiting from a large Stokes shift and bright triplet excitons, the scintillator has a negligible self-absorption and elevated photon yields. Additionally, the scintillator exhibits exchange invariance, demonstrating identical optical performance upon exchanging the coordinates (r) of the QDs. Featuring bright singlet-triplet hybrid STEs and high transparency, the scintillator achieves high resolution X-ray imaging of 42-line pairs per millimeter (42 lp mm−1) at a meter scale. Moreover, demonstrations of 5000 cm2 X-ray imaging and real-time dynamic X-ray imaging are presented. The lowest detectable dose rate for X-ray detection is as low as 37.63 ± 0.4 nGy s−1. This work presents a novel sizable and transparent scintillator with bright singlet-triplet hybrid STEs, showcasing their potential in high-resolution and sizable object X-ray imaging.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Image processing with Optical matrix vector multipliers implemented for encoding and decoding tasks 图像处理与光学矩阵矢量乘法器实现的编码和解码任务

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01904-z

Minjoo Kim, Yelim Kim, Won Il Park

引用次数: 0

Optical next generation reservoir computing 光学下一代储层计算

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01927-6

Hao Wang, Jianqi Hu, YoonSeok Baek, Kohei Tsuchiyama, Malo Joly, Qiang Liu, Sylvain Gigan

{"title":"Optical next generation reservoir computing","authors":"Hao Wang, Jianqi Hu, YoonSeok Baek, Kohei Tsuchiyama, Malo Joly, Qiang Liu, Sylvain Gigan","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01927-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01927-6","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial neural networks with internal dynamics exhibit remarkable capability in processing information. Reservoir computing (RC) is a canonical example that features rich computing expressivity and compatibility with physical implementations for enhanced efficiency. Recently, a new RC paradigm known as next generation reservoir computing (NGRC) further improves expressivity but compromises its physical openness, posing challenges for realizations in physical systems. Here we demonstrate optical NGRC with computations performed by light scattering through disordered media. In contrast to conventional optical RC implementations, we directly and solely drive our optical reservoir with time-delayed inputs. Much like digital NGRC that relies on polynomial features of delayed inputs, our optical reservoir also implicitly generates these polynomial features for desired functionalities. By leveraging the domain knowledge of the reservoir inputs, we show that the optical NGRC not only predicts the short-term dynamics of the low-dimensional Lorenz63 and large-scale Kuramoto-Sivashinsky chaotic time series, but also replicates their long-term ergodic properties. Optical NGRC shows superiority in shorter training length and fewer hyperparameters compared to conventional optical RC based on scattering media, while achieving better forecasting performance. Our optical NGRC framework may inspire the realization of NGRC in other physical RC systems, new applications beyond time-series processing, and the development of deep and parallel architectures broadly.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bipolar-barrier tunnel heterostructures for high-sensitivity mid-wave infrared photodetection 用于高灵敏度中波红外光探测的双极势垒隧道异质结构

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01905-y

Fakun Wang, Song Zhu, Wenduo Chen, Ruihuan Duan, Tengfei Dai, Hui Ma, Congliao Yan, Shi Fang, Jianbo Yu, Yue Zhang, Qikan Dong, Wenjie Deng, Zheng Liu, Qi Jie Wang

{"title":"Bipolar-barrier tunnel heterostructures for high-sensitivity mid-wave infrared photodetection","authors":"Fakun Wang, Song Zhu, Wenduo Chen, Ruihuan Duan, Tengfei Dai, Hui Ma, Congliao Yan, Shi Fang, Jianbo Yu, Yue Zhang, Qikan Dong, Wenjie Deng, Zheng Liu, Qi Jie Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01905-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01905-y","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of modern infrared optoelectronic technology has driven a growing demand for high-sensitivity mid-wave infrared (MWIR) photodetectors capable of reliable room-temperature operation. Achieving optimal specific detectivity, a critical performance metric for MWIR photodetection, remains challenging due to inherent limitations imposed such as high dark current, low optical absorption, or both. To address these challenges, we present an approach based on a bipolar-barrier architecture featuring a black phosphorus (BP)/MoTe2/BP tunnel heterostructure integrated with an Au reflector. This configuration delivers simultaneous electrical and optical enhancement, effectively suppressing dark currents and significantly increasing optical absorption. The bipolar-barrier structure minimizes dark current by blocking thermally excited and bias-induced carrier leakage, while facilitating efficient tunneling of photogenerated carriers via trap-assisted photogating mechanisms. In addition, the Au reflector enhances optical absorption through interference effects. As a result, the heterostructure achieves remarkable performance metrics, including a room-temperature specific detectivity of ∼3.0 × 1010 cm Hz0.5 W−1, a high responsivity of ∼4 A W−1, and an external quantum efficiency of ∼140% within the MWIR range. These results establish the bipolar-barrier tunnel heterostructure as a highly efficient platform, paving the way for the next generation of advanced infrared optoelectronic devices.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

10-km passive drone detection using broadband quantum compressed sensing imaging 利用宽带量子压缩传感成像进行10公里被动无人机探测

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01878-y

Shuxiao Wu, Jianyong Hu, Jiaqing Ge, Yanshan Fan, Zhexin Li, Liu Yang, Kai Song, Jiazhao Tian, Zhixing Qiao, Guosheng Feng, Xilong Liang, Changgang Yang, Ruiyun Chen, Chengbing Qin, Guofeng Zhang, Liantuan Xiao, Suotang Jia

引用次数: 0

Forward Brillouin scattering in few-mode fibers 低模光纤中的正向布里渊散射

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01877-z

Elad Layosh, Elad Zehavi, Alon Bernstein, Mirit Hen, Maayan Holsblat, Ori Pearl, Avi Zadok

{"title":"Forward Brillouin scattering in few-mode fibers","authors":"Elad Layosh, Elad Zehavi, Alon Bernstein, Mirit Hen, Maayan Holsblat, Ori Pearl, Avi Zadok","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01877-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01877-z","url":null,"abstract":"Forward Brillouin scattering is an opto-mechanical effect in which two co-propagating optical fields couple with an acoustic mode in a common medium. The effect has been studied in standard optical fibers since 1985, however nearly all studies have been limited to the single optical mode regime. Forward Brillouin scattering in single-mode fibers takes place through two classes of acoustic modes only: purely radial ones and modes of two-fold azimuthal symmetry. Acoustic modes may only be stimulated at their cut-off frequencies, and the acoustic frequencies in standard fibers are limited to 600 MHz. In this work, we extend the study of forward Brillouin scattering to few-mode optical fibers through analysis, calculations, and experiment. Measurements are performed in a commercial, off-the-shelf step-index fiber with standard cladding through three optical modes. We demonstrate for the first time the stimulation of acoustic modes with first-order and fourth-order azimuthal symmetries. Acoustic frequencies up to 1.8 GHz are observed, and the acoustic modes are stimulated above their cut-off frequencies. Angular momentum is transferred between the orbital degrees of freedom of the optical and acoustic waves. The results extend the understanding and formulation of forward Brillouin scattering in optical fibers, and they may find applications in fiber lasers, sensing, non-reciprocal propagation effects, and quantum states manipulation.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144586498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0