Light-Science & Applications最新文献_第2页

Recent progress in the patterning of perovskite films for photodetector applications. 光电探测器用钙钛矿薄膜的图案化研究进展。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01958-z

Chuantao Hu,Bo Li,Xiaoyue Wang,Chi Liu,Dongming Sun,Huiming Cheng

{"title":"Recent progress in the patterning of perovskite films for photodetector applications.","authors":"Chuantao Hu,Bo Li,Xiaoyue Wang,Chi Liu,Dongming Sun,Huiming Cheng","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01958-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01958-z","url":null,"abstract":"Photodetectors, as the core devices for optical signal conversion, need to balance high efficiency, fast response, and low-cost fabrication. Perovskite, with its advantages of high carrier mobility and tunable band gaps, have become an ideal alternative to silicon-based materials. This paper systematically reviews the progress in the patterned fabrication techniques and device construction of perovskite photodetectors across various dimensional material systems. First, it introduces five mainstream patterned fabrication methods for perovskites: template-confined growth, inkjet printing, vapor deposition, seed-induced growth, and conventional photolithography. Then, the latest research on image sensors based on perovskite materials in different dimensions is discussed. Following this, the paper highlights two promising application directions with great development potential: flexible wearable devices and electrochemical vision systems. Finally, the challenges and potential solutions for the future development of patterned perovskite photodetectors are presented to guide the development of high-performance perovskite optoelectronic devices.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"23 1","pages":"355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultra-highly linear Ga2O3-based cascade heterojunctions optoelectronic synapse with thousands of conductance states for neuromorphic visual system. 神经形态视觉系统中具有数千个电导状态的超线性ga2o3级联异质结光电突触。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01897-9

Peng Li,Xuanyu Shan,Ya Lin,Yi Du,Jiangang Ma,Zhongqiang Wang,Xiaoning Zhao,Ye Tao,Haiyang Xu,Yichun Liu

{"title":"Ultra-highly linear Ga2O3-based cascade heterojunctions optoelectronic synapse with thousands of conductance states for neuromorphic visual system.","authors":"Peng Li,Xuanyu Shan,Ya Lin,Yi Du,Jiangang Ma,Zhongqiang Wang,Xiaoning Zhao,Ye Tao,Haiyang Xu,Yichun Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01897-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01897-9","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrawide bandgap semiconductor optoelectronic synapses can perform high-parallel computing with a low false alarm rate, making them ideal for building deep-ultraviolet (DUV) neuromorphic visual system (NVS). However, the rapid carrier recombination in these optoelectronic synapses results in a poor number of conductance states and a low linear weight update protocol, consequently degrading the image recognition accuracy of DUV NVSs. This work proposes a type of cascade heterojunctions capable of finely tuning the dynamics of photogenerated carriers, utilizing aluminum interdigital electrodes sandwiched between tin-doped Ga2O3 and oxygen-deficient hafnium oxide (GTO/Al/HfOx) films. The built-in fields at the GTO/HfOx heterojunction and the Al/HfOx hole Schottky junction interfaces facilitate the separation of photogenerated carriers and the subsequent trapping of holes by the oxygen defects in the HfOx, respectively. The GTO/Al/HfOx optoelectronic synapses exhibit an ultrahigh responsivity of over 104 A/W and a large photo-to-dark current ratio of 6 × 105, which results in exceptional synaptic plasticity with unprecedented 4096 conductance states and excellent linearity with a fitting coefficient of 0.992. These attributes enable the GTO/Al/HfOx optoelectronic synapses to execute logical operations with fault-tolerance capability and to achieve high-accuracy fingerprint classification. The innovative cascade heterojunctions design, along with the elucidated carrier dynamics modulation mechanism, facilitates the development of DUV NVSs.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"99 1","pages":"354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Edge states jointly determined by eigenvalue and eigenstate winding. 边缘状态由特征值和特征态绕组共同决定。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02038-y

Jinbing Hu,Yixin Sha,Yi Yang

引用次数: 0

Localization of single molecules with structured illumination and structured detection. 用结构照明和结构检测定位单分子。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01980-1

Luciano A Masullo

引用次数: 0

Shaping the light of VCSELs through cavity geometry design. 通过腔体几何设计塑造vcsel的光。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01996-7

Hang Lu,Omar Alkhazragi,Heming Lin,Tien Khee Ng,Boon S Ooi

{"title":"Shaping the light of VCSELs through cavity geometry design.","authors":"Hang Lu,Omar Alkhazragi,Heming Lin,Tien Khee Ng,Boon S Ooi","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01996-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01996-7","url":null,"abstract":"Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are essential in modern optoelectronic systems, driving applications in high-speed optical communications, 3D sensing, and LiDAR. While significant progress has been made in improving VCSEL performance, the role of cavity geometry in optimizing key optical characteristics remains insufficiently explored. This study systematically examines how distinct cavity geometries-circular, square, D-shaped, mushroom-shaped, and pentagonal-affect both the static and dynamic properties of broad-area VCSELs. We analyze their effects on optical power, multimode behavior, beam profile, spatial coherence, and polarization dynamics. Our results show that breaking the continuous rotational symmetry of the cavity effectively increases gain utilization and power, changes the multimode lasing characteristics, shapes the beam, and modifies the polarization. Notably, the pentagonal VCSEL exhibits more than twice the optical power density of its circular counterpart. It also supports the highest number of modes and the fastest mode dynamics, driven by strong mode interaction. These properties make it a strong candidate for high-speed entropy generation. Mushroom-shaped VCSELs demonstrate high power and low spatial coherence, making them ideal for speckle-free imaging and illumination applications. Meanwhile, D-shaped VCSELs provide the most stable polarization and controllable multimode behavior with high power, showcasing their potential for applications that require stable and low-coherence light sources. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the impact of cavity geometry on VCSEL performance, which provides insights for optimizing VCSEL designs tailored to diverse applications that require distinct properties with broad applicability to advanced imaging, sensing, optical coherence tomography, high-speed communication, and other photonic technologies.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"92 1","pages":"344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Coherent detector for the non-separability measurement of vectorial structured light. 用于矢量结构光不可分性测量的相干探测器。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02035-1

Yize Liang,Shuai Cao,Lixian Liu,Fei Liu,Xukun Yin,Pei Lv,Yiming Zhang,Yunrui Zou,Liang Fang,Shuang Zheng,Zhenyu Wan,Teli Xi,Xiaopeng Shao,Jian Wang

{"title":"Coherent detector for the non-separability measurement of vectorial structured light.","authors":"Yize Liang,Shuai Cao,Lixian Liu,Fei Liu,Xukun Yin,Pei Lv,Yiming Zhang,Yunrui Zou,Liang Fang,Shuang Zheng,Zhenyu Wan,Teli Xi,Xiaopeng Shao,Jian Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02035-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02035-1","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric turbulence distorts the complex wavefront of light in free-space optical communication systems, leading to bit errors and even communication interruptions. Recently, it is found that the non-separability of vectorial structured light remains invariant when transmitting through atmospheric turbulence. This discovery offers a potential solution for turbulence-resilient communications-encoding based on the non-separability of vectorial structured light. To achieve such turbulence-resilient communications, efficient detection of the non-separability of vectorial structured light is essential, which acts as the receivers of such communication systems. So far, traditional non-separability detection schemes usually rely on bulky SLMs or DMDs, facing inherent trade-offs between single-shot capability and system compactness. In addition, the detection of mode-resolved non-separability contributions of vectorial superposition states has not yet been accomplished. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a coherent detector to characterize the non-separability of vectorial structured light based on off-axis digital holography, which overcomes the limitations of traditional approaches by digitally decomposing spatial modes. Our approach may pave the way for turbulence-resilient optical communications based on non-separability coding methods and bring new insights into non-separability measurement.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"4 1","pages":"343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145153305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-speed all-optical neural networks empowered spatiotemporal mode multiplexing. 高速全光神经网络支持时空模式复用。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02007-5

Fu Feng,Xiaolong Li,Ziyang Zhang,Jiaan Gan,Xiaocong Yuan

{"title":"High-speed all-optical neural networks empowered spatiotemporal mode multiplexing.","authors":"Fu Feng,Xiaolong Li,Ziyang Zhang,Jiaan Gan,Xiaocong Yuan","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02007-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02007-5","url":null,"abstract":"Orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams, characterized by a helical phase structure and phase singularity, have emerged as a powerful resource for high-capacity optical communications through mode-division multiplexing (MDM). Traditional OAM multiplexing systems operating solely in the spatial domain face significant challenges, including increased system complexity, inter-modal crosstalk, and limited scalability. Recent advances have explored hybrid multiplexing schemes combining OAM with wavelength or polarization degrees of freedom, demonstrating Pbit/s level transmission capacities. However, these systems predominantly rely on continuous-wave lasers and external modulators, which constrain their applicability in challenging environments, whereas pulsed lasers provide superior peak power, enhanced transmission robustness, and the potential for implementation of OAM lasers, which generally emit pulsed OAM beams. Here, we report an OAM-based spatiotemporal multiplexing (OAM-STM) technique that synergistically implements pulsed OAM beams with a diffractive deep neural network (D2NN) and optical fiber delay lines to project spatial mode information into the temporal domain. This approach leverages the full potential of pulsed laser sources by activating the underutilized time dimension, thereby overcoming the repetition-rate bottleneck and enhancing channel throughput. We experimentally demonstrate an OAM-based spatiotemporal demultiplexer achieving demultiplexing speed limited only by the bandwidth of the photodiode if OAM generation is fast enough. In the meantime, the architecture is intrinsically compatible with high-repetition-rate OAM sources, offering the entire system the scalability to GHz rates. This work establishes a foundational framework for high-speed, all-optical, and high-capacity OAM-STM systems, with promising implications for free-space optical communication, underwater communication links, and other complex environments.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"41 1","pages":"342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Non-invasive large-scale imaging of concurrent neuronal, astrocytic, and hemodynamic activity with hybrid multiplexed fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging (HyFMRI). 利用混合多路荧光和磁共振成像（HyFMRI）对并发神经元、星形细胞和血流动力学活动进行无创大规模成像。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02003-9

Zhenyue Chen,Yi Chen,Irmak Gezginer,Qingxiang Ding,Hikari A I Yoshihara,Xosé Luís Deán-Ben,Ruiqing Ni,Daniel Razansky

{"title":"Non-invasive large-scale imaging of concurrent neuronal, astrocytic, and hemodynamic activity with hybrid multiplexed fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging (HyFMRI).","authors":"Zhenyue Chen,Yi Chen,Irmak Gezginer,Qingxiang Ding,Hikari A I Yoshihara,Xosé Luís Deán-Ben,Ruiqing Ni,Daniel Razansky","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02003-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02003-9","url":null,"abstract":"A critical gap currently exists in systematic understanding and experimental validation of the role of astrocytes in neurovascular coupling and their functional links with other brain cells. Despite a broad selection of functional neuroimaging tools for multi-scale brain interrogations, no methodology currently exists that can discern responses from neural and glial cells while simultaneously mapping the associated hemodynamic activity on a large scale. We present a hybrid multiplexed fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging (HyFMRI) platform for measuring neuronal and astrocytic activity registered to concurrently recorded brain-wide hemodynamic responses. It features a fiberscope-based imaging system for multichannel fluorescence and optical intrinsic signal recordings and a custom surface radiofrequency coil, which are incorporated into the bore of a preclinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. We used HyFMRI to study peripheral-stimulus-evoked brain responses in mice differentially labeled with RCaMP and GCaMP genetically-encoded calcium indicators. Stimulation-evoked neuronal responses displayed the fastest kinetics and highest activation amplitude followed by astrocytic signals and the hemodynamic responses simultaneously recorded with functional MRI. In addition, the activation traces from neurons and astrocytes exhibited high linear correlation, thus providing direct evidence of astrocytic mediation in neurovascular coupling. This newly developed capacity to capture cell-type-specific calcium signaling alongside whole-brain hemodynamics enables the simultaneous investigation of neuro-glial-vascular interactions in health and disease. HyFMRI thus expands the current neuroimaging toolbox for a wide range of studies into synaptic plasticity, neural circuitry, brain function and disorders.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"27 1","pages":"341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Generation of tunable Raman soliton and dispersive wave beyond 4 μm in centimeter-length fluorotellurite fibers. 可调谐拉曼孤子和4 μm以上色散波在厘米长氟碲光纤中的产生。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02045-z

Juan Wang,Shunbin Wang,Xiabing Zhou,Mo Liu,Hao Wu,Yu Yin,Zhipeng Qin,Guoqiang Xie,Zhenrui Li,Pengfei Wang,Yichun Liu

{"title":"Generation of tunable Raman soliton and dispersive wave beyond 4 μm in centimeter-length fluorotellurite fibers.","authors":"Juan Wang,Shunbin Wang,Xiabing Zhou,Mo Liu,Hao Wu,Yu Yin,Zhipeng Qin,Guoqiang Xie,Zhenrui Li,Pengfei Wang,Yichun Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02045-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02045-z","url":null,"abstract":"3-5-μm mid-infrared (MIR) ultrafast laser sources have garnered significant attention due to their critical applications in spectroscopy, environmental monitoring, and imaging. However, 4-5-μm compact fiber laser sources remain a significant technological challenge due to the lack of MIR fibers with good chemical stability, thermal stability, high nonlinearity, and low loss. Here, we develop fluorotellurite fibers based on 60TeO2-20BaF2-10AlF3-10Y2O3 (TBAY) glasses with a wide transmission window, demonstrating tunable Raman soliton and dispersive wave (DW) generation beyond 4 µm in centimeter-length fluorotellurite fibers pumped by a 3.54 μm femtosecond laser source. Fluorotellurite fibers with a loss of 0.39 dB/m were fabricated using a rod-in-tube method. The high numerical aperture (NA ~ 1.1@3.5 μm) of TBAY fibers allows the zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW) to be tuned over a wide range by varying the core diameter of the fibers. The dispersion-engineered TBAY fibers with a core diameter of 6.5 μm enabled 4584 nm Raman soliton generation, while fibers with a core diameter of 3 μm enabled 4177 nm DW generation. We conducted detailed experiments to investigate the influence of pump power and fiber length on SSFS and dispersive wave dynamics. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations based on the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation corroborate the experimental results. Our results show that TBAY fibers are promising nonlinear media for constructing compact ultrafast laser sources in the 4-5 μm wavelength range.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145127095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Future trends of display technology: micro-LEDs toward transparent, free-form, and near-eye displays. 显示技术的未来趋势：微型led向透明、自由形状和近眼显示方向发展。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02027-1

Tae Soo Kim,Jung-El Ryu,Jinhong Park,Rih-Jia Liu,Joonghoon Choi,Jeehwan Kim,Young Joon Hong,Dong-Hwan Kim,Jiho Shin

{"title":"Future trends of display technology: micro-LEDs toward transparent, free-form, and near-eye displays.","authors":"Tae Soo Kim,Jung-El Ryu,Jinhong Park,Rih-Jia Liu,Joonghoon Choi,Jeehwan Kim,Young Joon Hong,Dong-Hwan Kim,Jiho Shin","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02027-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02027-1","url":null,"abstract":"Displays are one of the most indispensable electronic devices used in our daily lives. Over the past decades, display technology has evolved relentlessly, driven by innovation in materials, structures, and manufacturing processes that have enabled higher image quality, larger screen size, slimmer form factor, and novel functionalities. The display market is currently dominated by liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays, but significant investment and research efforts are being directed toward emerging self-emissive display technologies, such as micro-light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs), as well as unconventional applications such as transparent, deformable, and near-eye displays. This review article begins with a historical background of self-emissive display technology and an overview of the recent advances in organic-, quantum dot-, perovskite-, and micro-LED displays. We then critically review the current state of micro-LED technology, including its size-dependent performance issues, different types of mass transfer technologies, backplane interconnection techniques, methods for detection/repair of defective pixels, and emerging display applications, including transparent, deformable, and virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) displays.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"75 1","pages":"335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0