理学最新文献

{"title":"Formation mechanisms and fluorescence properties of carbon dots extracted from fuel vehicle exhaust","authors":"Weizuo Zhang,&nbsp;Han Bai,&nbsp;Jin Zhang,&nbsp;Zhexian Zhao,&nbsp;Yuzhao Li,&nbsp;Hongyu Zhang,&nbsp;Peiguang Shi,&nbsp;Zhongcai Jin,&nbsp;Ju Tang,&nbsp;Wen Xu,&nbsp;Yiming Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere is the main air pollution and vehicle exhaust is the biggest contributor to atmospheric particulate. To reduce particulate emissions and utilize waste materials, we explored a pure physical method for efficiently separating and extracting CDs from vehicle exhaust by utilizing the water solubility of CDs. We also investigate the formation mechanism, fluorescence characteristics, and cytotoxicity of the CDs including D-CDs and G-CDs extracted from diesel and gasoline vehicle exhaust, respectively. The CDs are of core–shell structures with an average size of 4.83 nm for D-CDs and 4.27 nm for G-CDs. Besides, they can emit blue fluorescence with wavelengths 421–462 nm under the ultraviolet excitation. The fluorescence quantum yield (QY) of the D-CDs and G-CDs in water solution can reach up to 6.4% and 14.49%, respectively. Meanwhile, these CDs can also be employed as luminescent materials for biological imaging. We also examine the harmfulness of these CDs to human lung. We find that the CDs extracted from diesel exhaust are more toxic to human lung normal cells (B2B) than those extracted from gasoline exhaust. It is interesting to note that when the concentration of D-CDs or G-CDs is less than 43 ng/mL, the survival fraction of the B2B is close to 100% and these CDs would be not toxic to human lung. The results in this study are helpful for the reduction of environmental pollution and the re-usage of the wastes from fuel vehicles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52958,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Resources Conversion","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 100376"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148640335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic insights into metal-mediated anaerobic digestion: From material function to process enhancement","authors":"Amir Hossein Behroozi,&nbsp;Ghazaleh Amini,&nbsp;Romina Shirazi,&nbsp;Ehssan Koupaie","doi":"10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an established waste-to-energy technology, yet its efficiency is often hindered by slow hydrolysis, process instability, and limited biogas yields. Recent advances highlight the potential of metal-based additives, including trace metals, oxides, zero-valent metals, nanoparticles, and composites, as multifunctional enhancers that overcome these limitations. This review synthesizes mechanistic insights into how these materials improve AD performance through diverse pathways such as direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET), enzyme cofactor supplementation, redox cycling, in-situ hydrogen generation, sulfide precipitation, Fenton-like reactions, and adsorption of inhibitory compounds. Special emphasis is placed on linking material properties with microbial and biochemical responses, including shifts in community structure and enzymatic activity that collectively enhance methane production and process stability. Comparative evaluation reveals that zero-valent iron and iron oxides stand out for their multifunctionality and cost-effectiveness, while metal-based nanoparticles and composites offer unique advantages in conductivity, nutrient delivery, and synergistic inhibition control. Environmental risks, recovery strategies, and future directions, such as smart, recyclable, and hybrid materials, are also discussed. By establishing a mechanistic foundation, this review supports the design of sustainable, high-performance metal-assisted AD systems that advance the goals of the circular economy and renewable energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52958,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Resources Conversion","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 100403"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148640330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular insights into supercritical CO2 adsorption on calcium silicate hydrate","authors":"Manli Chen,&nbsp;Yangsheng Xiang,&nbsp;Yiping Xie,&nbsp;Qi Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) systems, cement is injected into the annular space between the well casing and the surrounding rock formation to create a zonal isolation barrier. This barrier prevents vertical migration of CO₂ along the wellbore, thereby ensuring long-term containment within the target reservoir and safeguarding well integrity. In subsurface CCUS environments, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) permeates calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), C-S-H the primary binding phase of cement. Molecular dynamics simulations investigate scCO₂-C-S-H interactions at the molecular scale, by systematically varying calcium-to-silicon (C/S) ratios, hydration degrees, and temperatures. These variations elucidate the effects of interfacial chemistry on CO₂ adsorption and material responses. Lower demonstrates that elevated C/S ratios (≥1.5) increase CO₂ uptake through enhanced Ca–CO₂ coordination, while in aqueous scCO₂ containing 5 mol% water, hydroxyl-rich surfaces are stabilized and pore collapse is inhibited. Lower temperatures strengthen ionic bonding at the interface, enhancing CO₂ sequestration stability. These mechanistic insights reveal cement degradation pathways during scCO₂-induced carbonation and provide foundational knowledge for designing durable wellbore cements, thereby ensuring long-term containment security in CCUS infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52958,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Resources Conversion","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 100374"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148640332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production and characterization of cellular and released polysaccharides by Papiliotrema laurentii strains bioreactor-cultivated on Mizithra secondary cheese whey","authors":"Gabriel Vasilakis,&nbsp;Eleni Dalaka,&nbsp;Georgios Bekiaris,&nbsp;Sofia Marka,&nbsp;Andriana Kaliora,&nbsp;Ioannis Politis,&nbsp;Emmanouil Flemetakis,&nbsp;Georgios Theodorou,&nbsp;Seraphim Papanikolaou","doi":"10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polysaccharides produced by <em>Papiliotrema laurentii</em> strains are of great interest due to their functional properties and potential applications in the food, feed, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Microbial bioconversion of agro-industrial by-products into high value-added compounds, such as polysaccharides, is of major importance within the framework of the circular economy, as it significantly reduces bioprocessing costs. The present study aimed to produce cellular (cPS) and released extracellular (EPS) polysaccharides through the biotechnological valorization of secondary cheese whey (SCW), a major by-product of cheese manufacturing. The non-extensively studied strain <em>P</em>. <em>laurentii</em> NRRL Y-2536, cultivated on pretreated SCW, produced biomass (14.8 g/L) rich in intracellular polysaccharides (&gt;46 %, w/w), as well as released EPS (22.7 g/L – 504 mg/L/h). cPS were extracted using high-pressure homogenization and deproteinized in the presence of n-butanol–chloroform solvents. Both cPS and EPS were analyzed via FTIR, HPLC, and FRAP assay to assess their structure, composition, and antioxidant capacity. The effects of cPS and EPS on the viability of two human cancer cell lines, Caco-2 and HT29-MTX, were evaluated. The cPS of <em>P</em>. <em>laurentii</em> NRRL Y-2536 and <em>P</em>. <em>laurentii</em> NRRL YB-3594 were rich in <em>β</em>-glucans (&gt;62 % of total cPS), while the EPS were composed of galacto-<em>xylo</em>-mannans. Notably, the cPS from <em>P</em>. <em>laurentii</em> YB-3594 exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. Both cPS isolates, along with the EPS from <em>P</em>. <em>laurentii</em> Y-2536, presented cytotoxic activity at the highest concentrations tested, suggesting their potential application as anticancer agents. In contrast, the heat-treated EPS from <em>P</em>. <em>laurentii</em> Y-2536 and the untreated EPS from <em>P</em>. <em>laurentii</em> YB-3594, which were non-cytotoxic, could be further explored as functional ingredients for food, feed, cosmetic, or biomedicine applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52958,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Resources Conversion","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 100390"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148640287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outside Back Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2588-9133(26)00061-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2588-9133(26)00061-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52958,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Resources Conversion","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 100464"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148640331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring textural properties of activated carbon produced from Plane tree (Platanus) seeds using alkali (NaOH) activation with improved post-activation treatment procedure for environmental and energy applications","authors":"Vladimir Dodevski,&nbsp;Milena Marinović-Cincović,&nbsp;Bojan Janković","doi":"10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A highly-ordered mesoporous/microporous activated carbon (AC) was successfully synthesized from rarely used biomass precursor (Plane tree seeds), through three-step production process. The process involved subjecting raw material to hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) in autoclave under moderate temperature conditions (250 °C), and then produced hydrochar was activated by alkali using NaOH, through dry impregnation. The third step was an improved post-activation period, which included high-temperature carbonization at 850 °C. The specific surface area of manufactured AC (PTS-AC-NaOH) was in a domain of the commercial carbons (<em>S</em>_BET = 1508.6 m²/g). According to its textural and morphological characteristics, PTS-AC-NaOH is characterized by the most frequent pores with a diameter of 2.05 nm, as well as wider pores of 3 nm, and specific super-micropores, with diameter of 1.884 nm. Material contains mostly slit-shaped pores in micro-mesoporous domains, where additional analyses were showed that pores are relatively uniform in a size and shape. Due to its physicochemical properties, PTS-AC-NaOH has proven to be an ideal candidate for applications in purification of polluted aquatic environments, air and harmful industrial gases, and as a good choice for electrode material in supercapacitors. During thermal restoration process of PTS-AC-NaOH, a strong exothermic effect was identified, and it was attributed to intercalation of Na⁺ ions (at higher temperatures) into amorphous carbon structure, a most often on defects/edges and interlayer spaces. Observed phenomenon proved to be significant, in the sense, that restored material (with a changed carbon structure) can be used as good anode material for sodium-ion batteries. Complete restoration process was mechanistically described using various isoconversional methods, through changes in the values of effective kinetic parameters with conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52958,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Resources Conversion","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 100377"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148640334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An infrared-transparent flexible glass for adaptive optics","authors":"Saihui Li, Linling Tan, Jianqiang Ma, Shiliang Kang, Chengwei Gao, Shixun Dai, Changgui Lin","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02409-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02409-z","url":null,"abstract":"Transparent, flexible inorganic-organic composites are essential for next-generation adaptive optics, bio-integrated sensing, and reconfigurable photonics. Despite progress in hybrid material design, achieving a material that is simultaneously flexible and transparent across a broad infrared spectrum remains a fundamental challenge. Here, we report a S60Se40 chalcogenide glass designed with a chain-ring dual-network architecture that overcomes this classic limitation. By integrating a dynamic covalent network of physical cross-links with heavy chalcogen elements (S, Se), this dual-network design suppresses multi-phonon absorption and ensures broadband transparency up to 21 μm, combining these optical properties with an ultralow Young’s modulus (E ≈ 0.0037 GPa), extreme tensile strain (~650%), and high elastic recovery (~80%). The material further exhibits autonomous self-healing and shape-memory behavior at room temperature. We demonstrate its applicability through IR deformable lenses with tunable focal length and real-time aberration correction, showcasing capabilities in adaptive imaging and wavefront control. This work provides a versatile material platform that bridges the gap between glass-like optical performance and polymer-like mechanics, opening avenues for soft infrared photonics and reconfigurable optical systems.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148612596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing with GWAS reveals regulatory networks underpinning complex traits in beef cattle.","authors":"Boyu Zhang, Shiyuan Qiu, Zhenwei Du, Hao Xiao, Yingxiao Su, Anyi Tang, Binwu Bao, Bo Zhu, Yan Chen, Xue Gao, Lingyang Xu, Zezhao Wang, Lupei Zhang, Huijiang Gao, Junya Li, Caihong Zheng","doi":"10.1186/s40104-026-01471-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-026-01471-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The genetic dissection of complex traits in livestock continues to pose a significant challenge in the field of animal genetics and breeding. Although traditional genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are capable of localizing genetic variants associated with specific traits, they are insufficient to elucidate the underlying physiological mechanisms. An integrated analysis of multi-trait GWAS and multi-transcriptomic data systematically identifies key tissues and cell types influencing complex traits in beef cattle and elucidates their genetic regulatory basis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We systematically mapped tissue- and cell-type-specific regulatory architectures underlying 20 economically important traits in beef cattle. Tissue-level analyses revealed distinct trait-tissue associations: fatty acid traits, including C16:0 and C20:4, were enriched in liver; carcass traits, including marbling score and carcass weight, in renal cortex/medulla and longissimus dorsi muscle; meat-quality traits such as pH in cartilaginous tissues; and total fat content in bone marrow. At cellular resolution, analysis of eight trait-associated tissues identified 38 discrete cell types. Myofibers were significantly associated with most carcass traits, including rib-eye area and backfat thickness, whereas hepatocytes emerged as key regulators of fatty acid and meat-quality traits, such as C16:0 and crude protein content. Transcription factor analysis identified cell-type-specific regulators: TBX15, SOX6, and TCF12 in myofibers; FOXA2 and NR1H4 in hepatocytes; and IRF8 and IKZF1 in microglia. Notably, hepatocytes and microglia showed complementary, trait-specific association patterns: hepatocytes were enriched for C16:0 associated saturated fatty-acid metabolic pathways, while microglia were enriched for C16:1 and unsaturated fatty-acid-related pathways, suggesting potential cross-tissue coordination in lipid regulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study links specific tissues and cell types to phenotypic variation in beef cattle and identifies core transcriptional regulators and pathways driving trait variation. These cell-resolved maps provide mechanistic insight into how genetic variation shapes economically important traits, offering a valuable resource for functional studies, cell-informed precision breeding strategies, and the design of large-scale molecular phenotyping.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13411826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148610768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residual feed intake in laying hens during the late laying period: associations with nutrient utilization, antioxidant capacity, and gut barrier function.","authors":"Zhouyang Gao, Zhiqiong Mao, Qiujuan Sun, Chuanwei Zheng, Guoming Ma, Jingjie Zhuang, Yan Wu, Yuhui Qin, Tong Xu, Guiyun Xu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-026-01426-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-026-01426-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Residual feed intake is defined as the difference between the actual feed intake of poultry and the predicted feed intake based on their growth and maintenance requirements. It reflects the metabolic differences that are genetically determined within the poultry and can effectively indicate the energy levels needed for growth and maintenance. Residual feed intake is a crucial indicator for evaluating the feed utilization efficiency of poultry. Additionally, residual feed intake is a trait with moderate to high heritability, making it a valuable selection criterion for feed efficiency in poultry breeding programs, and it is widely utilized in egg production. However, research on residual feed intake during the latter stages of egg production in hens remains quite limited.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we selected laying hens with similar body weight and egg production number, and divided the experiment into low residual feed intake and high residual feed intake groups based on the magnitude of residual feed intake values. Through physicochemical analysis, compared to the high residual feed intake group, the low residual feed intake group exhibited higher nutrient utilization (crude protein, apparent digestibility of dry matter) and stronger antioxidant enzyme activity (T-AOC), as well as more stable gut immune barriers (IL-6) and mechanical barriers (Occludin, ZO-1). LC-MS revealed that the differentially abundant metabolites in the serum and excreta of the two groups were primarily enriched in amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and energy metabolism pathways (L-lysine, L-glutamine, citrate, fumarate, propanoic acid, glycine, pyruvate.). These key differentially abundant metabolites provide new metabolic targets for a deeper understanding and improvement of feed efficiency in laying hens.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study utilized traditional nutritional methods and modern molecular biology techniques to target the excreta, serum, and intestinal segments of hens with different RFI levels, providing an in-depth exploration of the metabolic differences between high- and low-RFI hens. The findings offer valuable insights for selecting high-efficiency, high-quality healthy laying hens through RFI. Furthermore, they support the extension of the laying period in hens and efficient breeding practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13410610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148610718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contamination of fumonisin in feeds from different regions of China.","authors":"Hua Sun, Dessalegn Lamesgen, Junjie Li, Juan Wang, Xuewu Li, Zhijie Yuan, Lijia Guo, Meng Liu, Fang Liu, Liwei Wang, Jianghong An, Jiangfeng He, Lvhui Sun","doi":"10.1186/s40104-026-01470-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-026-01470-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fumonisin (FUM) is a group of mycotoxins commonly found on corn, wheat, and their by-products, and has been linked to multiple animal and human health concerns. This study was conducted to investigate the contamination of FUM in feeds from different regions of China in 2025. A total of 1,128 feed samples, including 836 corn samples, 204 corn by-product samples, and 88 complete feed samples, were collected from different provinces of China for FUM analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed a relatively high incidence of FUM contamination in the feed samples. Detection rates were 80.1%, 59.4%-100%, and 94.7%-100% in corn, corn by-products, and complete feeds, respectively, with median concentrations of 949 μg/kg, 2,825-74,040 μg/kg, and 1,050-1,396 μg/kg. Furthermore, corn samples collected from Henan, Jiangsu, and Shandong provinces exhibited relatively higher FUM concentration compared to other regions. Notably, 0.1% corn, 41.8% DDGS, 11.1% corn germ meal, 15.8% sprayed corn husk, 80.0% corn steep liquor, and 5.3% complete pig feed exceeded China's safety standards for FUM. Moreover, the co-occurrence of FUM, AFB₁, DON, and ZEN was quite common in both corn (39.5%-92.1%) and DDGS (73.1%-100%), with more than 90.0% of analyzed feed samples contaminated with two or more mycotoxins. Among them, the rates of over China's safety standards for AFB₁, DON and ZEN in corn were 7.9%, 1.3% and 2.6%, respectively, while did not in DDGS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reveals that the FUM was commonly present in feedstuffs and complete feeds of China in 2025. The results emphasize the significance of monitoring FUM levels in feeds and paying attention on co-contamination of mycotoxins, as well as implementing feed management and remedial strategies to reduce FUM exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13397784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148586141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}