Nonreciprocal spontaneous parametric process

Abstract

Mediated by the interactions with quantum vacuum fields, a probe laser field propagating in a nonlinear optical medium can generate new pair of light fields over a broad spectral range via spontaneous parametric process. Such process is inherently independent of the incident direction of light and reciprocal thus far, due to the direction-independent field-vacuum interactions. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate within sodium atomic vapors that such spontaneous parametric process can be nonreciprocal by unidirectionally coupling it to another pumped four-wave mixing process. Thanks to the broad bandwidth of the spontaneous parametric process, in combination with the Doppler and power-induced broadening of atomic energy levels, we achieve optical isolation with isolation ratio >25 dB over a bandwidth larger than 100 GHz. Considering that both spontaneous parametric processes and the pumped four-wave mixing have been realized in diverse solid photonic platforms, the demonstrated concept can motivate further explorations in the design of integrated magnetic-free broadband optical nonreciprocity via the interactions between nonlinear optical processes.