The molecular mechanism of limb regeneration of Hynobius yiwuensis.

Hynobius yiwuensis is a vulnerable species endemic to China, restricted to specific hilly regions in Zhejiang Province. This study employed stereomicroscopy to examine the limb regeneration process in H. yiwuensis and utilized transcriptome sequencing to analyze differentially expressed genes. The results indicate that H. yiwuensis possesses strong regenerative capabilities, with the regeneration process comprising four stages: wound healing, tissue dissolution and dedifferentiation, blastema formation, and morphogenesis followed by redifferentiation. Transcriptome analysis identified numerous differentially expressed genes during limb regeneration, exhibiting distinct expression patterns at various time points post-amputation. Key differentially expressed genes were identified, including IL10, associated with cellular immunity and inflammation; TGFβ3, involved in early muscle tissue regeneration; and MMPs, implicated in tissue remodeling. qRT-PCR validation of selected differentially expressed genes confirmed the reliability of the transcriptome sequencing data. Preliminary findings suggest that H. yiwuensis regulates limb regeneration and promotes scar-free tissue repair through signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, TGFβ, and BMP.