Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Mulberry leaf supplementation inhibits skatole deposition by regulating gut microbiota and upregulating liver cytochrome P450 1A1 expression in finishing pigs","authors":"Yuqing Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Men ,&nbsp;Tianbao Lin ,&nbsp;Bo Deng ,&nbsp;Shi Zhong ,&nbsp;Jinxi Huo ,&nbsp;Kaipeng Qin ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Lv ,&nbsp;Ziwei Xu ,&nbsp;Yougui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Skatole, a strong fecal odor substance, is generated through microbial degradation of tryptophan in the animal hindgut. It easily accumulates in adipose tissue and affects meat quality. In this study, the effect of mulberry leaf supplementation on skatole in finishing pigs was studied. In a 35-day trial, 20 finishing pigs (barrows and gilts) were fed with a basal diet or basal diet with 6% mulberry leaves. Growth performance of the pigs (<em>n</em> = 10) was automatically recorded by a performance-testing feeder system and 8 pigs in each treatment were slaughtered and sampled for the remaining tests. Skatole and short-chain fatty acids were detected using HPLC and gas chromatography, respectively. Fecal microbiota were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The metabolomics analysis of feces and serum was performed with UHPLC-MS/MS. The major cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes that catalyze skatole degradation in the liver were tested by using RT-PCR and Western blot. Effects of major bioactive compounds in mulberry leaves on the <em>CYP</em> genes were verified in the hepatic cell line HepG2 in an in vitro test (<em>n</em> = 3). In finishing pigs, mulberry leaf supplementation had no significant effect on the average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05), but reduced skatole levels in feces, serum, and backfat (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and increased acetic acid levels in feces (<em>P</em> = 0.027). Mulberry leaf supplementation decreased the relative abundance of the skatole-producing bacteria <em>Megasphaera</em> and <em>Olsenella</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Indole-3-acetic acid, the intermediate that is essential for skatole production, was significantly reduced in feces by mulberry leaf supplementation (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and was positively correlated with skatole content in feces (<em>P</em> = 0.004). In pigs treated with mulberry leaves, liver <em>CYP1A1</em> expression was increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and was negatively correlated with skatole content in backfat (<em>P</em> = 0.045). The in vitro test demonstrated that mulberry leaf polyphenols and polysaccharides could directly stimulate <em>CYP1A1</em> expression in hepatic cells. These findings suggest that mulberry leaf supplementation reduces skatole production and deposition in finishing pigs by regulating the gut microbiota and promoting skatole degradation in liver.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"16 ","pages":"Pages 34-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523001348/pdfft?md5=314653999a049a70677f4d2206ee0ddc&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523001348-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135963306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re-evaluation of recent research on metabolic utilization of energy in poultry: Recommendations for a net energy system for broilers","authors":"Jean Noblet ,&nbsp;Aye-Cho Tay-Zar ,&nbsp;Shu-Biao Wu ,&nbsp;Pairat Srichana ,&nbsp;Pierre Cozannet ,&nbsp;Pierre-André Geraert ,&nbsp;Mingan Choct","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Different energy systems have been proposed for energy evaluation of feeds for domestic animals. The oldest and most commonly used systems take into account the fecal energy loss to obtain digestible energy (DE), and fecal, urinary and fermentation gases energy losses to calculate metabolizable energy (ME). In the case of ruminants and pigs, the net energy (NE) system, which takes into account the heat increment associated with the metabolic utilization of ME, has progressively replaced the DE and ME systems over the last 50 years. For poultry, apparent ME (AME) is used exclusively and NE is not yet used widely. The present paper considers some important methodological points for measuring NE in poultry feeds and summarizes the available knowledge on NE systems for poultry. NE prediction equations based on a common analysis of three recent studies representing a total of 50 complete and balanced diets fed to broilers are proposed; these equations including the AME content and easily available chemical indicators have been validated on another set of 30 diets. The equations are applicable to both ingredients and complete diets. They rely primarily on an accurate and reliable AME value which then represents the first limiting predictor of NE value. Our analysis indicates that NE would be a better predictor of broiler performance than AME and that the hierarchy between feeds is dependent on the energy system with a higher energy value for fat and a lower energy value for protein in an NE system. Practical considerations for implementing such an NE system from the commonly used AME or AME_n (AME adjusted for zero nitrogen balance) systems are presented. In conclusion, there is sufficient information to allow the implementation of the NE concept in order to improve the accuracy of feed formulation in poultry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"16 ","pages":"Pages 62-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523001580/pdfft?md5=dfef646d57caa37d8e67c6fbd64cc9d2&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523001580-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138551374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of essential oils on economically important characteristics of ruminant species: A comprehensive review","authors":"Cara Wessels Wells","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Essential oils derived from plants can provide biological impacts to livestock species. Scientific studies researching essential oils in livestock have investigated various essential oils for prevention and treatment of microbial infection and parasites as well as to enhance milk production, animal performance and rumen function. Despite the availability of several commercial products containing essential oils to promote animal health and production, the vast amount of essential oils, modes of application, and effective concentrations of the essential oils suggest there are more opportunities for essential oils to be utilized in commercial livestock production and veterinary medicine. The objective of this review is to contribute to the understanding of the value that essential oils can provide to the ruminant diet and to examine the biological impact of various essential oils on economically important production traits of ruminant species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"16 ","pages":"Pages 1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523001269/pdfft?md5=5a09b16dee2ad71fedf9cfcef37c7a4e&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523001269-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135965867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a hepatic biomarker of nutritional imbalance in juvenile red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) fed 60% soybean meal-based diets using NMR-based metabolomics","authors":"Fabio Casu ,&nbsp;Aaron M. Watson ,&nbsp;Justin Yost ,&nbsp;T. Gibson Gaylord ,&nbsp;Daniel W. Bearden ,&nbsp;Michael R. Denson","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A 12-week feeding trial with juvenile red drum (<em>Sciaenops ocellatus</em>) fed high-soybean meal (SBM) diets was conducted to investigate a putative biomarker of nutritional imbalance, N-formimino-L-glutamate (FIGLU). Three fishmeal-free, 60% SBM pelleted diets (named B12, Fol, and Met, respectively) were tested to evaluate the effects on growth performance and tissue metabolite profiles of supplementation of vitamin B₁₂ (0.012 mg/kg), folate (10 mg/kg), methionine (1 g/kg) respectively, above basal supplementation levels. A fourth SBM-based diet (named B12/Fol/Met) was formulated with a combination of B₁₂, folate, and methionine to attain the above-mentioned target concentrations. A fifth 60% SBM diet (named FWS) with methionine supplementation (1 g/kg above basal supplementation levels), enriched with taurine, lysine and threonine as well as minerals, was also tested. This diet contained formulation targets and additives which have allowed for replacing fishmeal with plant proteins in rainbow trout feeds. Control diets included a fishmeal-based diet (named FM), an unsupplemented basal 60% SBM diet (named SBM60), and a “natural” diet (named N) made up of equal parts of fish (cigar minnows), squid and shrimp as a positive reference for growth performance. Formulated feeds contained approximately 37% total crude protein, approximately 14% total crude lipid and were energetically balanced. Standard growth performance metrics were measured, and tissues (liver, muscle) were collected at week 12 to evaluate diet-induced metabolic changes using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics. Our results show that the FWS diet outperformed all other SBM diets and the FM diet under all performance metrics (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). FIGLU was not detected in fish fed the N diet but was detected in those fed the SBM diets and the FM diet. Fish fed the FWS diet and the Met diet showed lower hepatic levels of FIGLU compared with the other SBM-based diets (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), suggesting that among the different supplementation regimes, methionine supplementation was associated with lower FIGLU levels. The FWS diet produced tissue metabolite profiles that were more similar to those of fish fed the N diet. Based on our results, the FWS diet constitutes a promising SBM-based alternative diet to fishmeal for red drum.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"16 ","pages":"Pages 45-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523001270/pdfft?md5=856876967604be8b7d17cc3106d1534d&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523001270-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135637567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zinc lactate alleviates oxidative stress by modulating crosstalk between constitutive androstane receptor signaling pathway and gut microbiota profile in weaned piglets","authors":"Wenjie Tang ,&nbsp;Xuan Xiang ,&nbsp;Houfu Wang ,&nbsp;Wentao Zhou ,&nbsp;Liuqin He ,&nbsp;Yulong Yin ,&nbsp;Tiejun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to determine the regulatory mechanism of dietary zinc lactate (ZL) supplementation on intestinal oxidative stress damage in a paraquat (PQ)-induced piglet model. Twenty-eight piglets (mean body weight 9.51 ± 0.23 kg) weaned at 28 d of age were randomly divided into control, ZL, PQ, and ZL + PQ groups (<em>n</em> = 7 in each group). The ZL-supplemented diet had little effect on growth performance under normal physiological conditions. However, under PQ challenge, ZL supplementation significantly improved average daily gain (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and reduced the frequency of diarrhea. ZL improved intestinal morphology and ultrastructure by significantly increasing the expression level of the jejunal tight junction protein, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and intestinal zinc transport and absorption in PQ-induced piglets, which reduced intestinal permeability. ZL supplementation also enhanced the expression of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory factor-related genes and decreased inflammatory cytokine expression and secretion in PQ-induced piglets. Furthermore, ZL treatment significantly inhibited the activation of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) signaling (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) in PQ-induced piglets and altered the structure of the gut microbiota, especially by significantly increasing the abundance of beneficial gut microbes, including <em>UCG_002</em>, <em>Ruminococcus</em>, <em>Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group</em>, <em>Christensenellaceae_R_7_group</em>, <em>Treponema</em>, <em>unclassified_Christensenellaceae</em>, and <em>unclassified_Erysipelotrichaceae</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). These data reveal that pre-administration of ZL to piglets can suppress intestinal oxidative stress by improving antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity and regulating the crosstalk between CAR signaling and gut microbiota.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"16 ","pages":"Pages 23-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523001324/pdfft?md5=317667334265c6d2d2d53107dc9f111d&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523001324-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135705981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of age on the standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of soybean meal and canola meal in broilers","authors":"Mukti Barua ,&nbsp;M. Reza Abdollahi ,&nbsp;Faegheh Zaefarian ,&nbsp;Timothy J. Wester ,&nbsp;Channarayapatna K. Girish ,&nbsp;Peter V. Chrystal ,&nbsp;Velmurugu Ravindran","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Standardized ileal digestibility coefficients (SIDC) of nitrogen (N) and amino acids (AA) in two protein sources (soybean meal [SBM] and canola meal [CM]) were investigated at six broiler ages (d 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42). Two assay diets were formulated to contain either SBM (413 g/kg) or CM (553 g/kg) as the sole dietary AA source. Titanium dioxide (5 g/kg) was added as an indigestible marker. A total of 696 male broilers at 1 d old were allotted to 12 replicate cages per age group. Each assay diet was offered to birds for 4 d prior to the ileal digesta collection on d 7 (14 birds/cage), 14 (12 birds/cage), 21 (10 birds/cage), 28 (8 birds/cage), 35 (8 birds/cage) and 42 (6 birds/cage), respectively. The apparent digestibility coefficients were standardized using age-specific basal endogenous AA flows. In the SBM group, though the SIDC of N tended to be influenced (quadratic; <em>P</em> = 0.075) by age, no linear or quadratic response of age effect was observed on the average SIDC of indispensable (IAA) and total AA (TAA). An age effect (quadratic; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) was observed on the average SIDC of dispensable AA (DAA) in SBM with the highest value recorded at d 7, followed by a decrease from d 14 to 28, which increased beyond d 35. The SIDC of some individual AA (Arg, Thr, Trp, Cys, Pro) were affected (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05 or <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) in a quadratic manner by age. In the CM, the SIDC of N, average SIDC of IAA, DAA and TAA were influenced (quadratic; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05 or <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) by age. The SIDC of N and average SIDC of DAA and TAA were higher from d 7 to 14, declined at d 21, and then increased beyond d 28. The average SIDC of IAA was low between d 7 and 28 and increased thereafter. The SIDC of individual AA were affected (linear or quadratic; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05 or <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) by different magnitudes by age. The age influence on the SIDC AA was variable, depending on the protein source and AA. The results demonstrate that age-specific SIDC AA data might need consideration in broiler feed formulations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"16 ","pages":"Pages 11-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523001312/pdfft?md5=ffef4a683c535250cdbc5315bba108a2&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523001312-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135707217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wheat silage partially replacing oaten hay exhibited greater feed efficiency and fibre digestion despite low feed intake by feedlot lambs","authors":"Zhao-Yang Cui,&nbsp;Wen-Juan Li,&nbsp;Wei-Kang Wang,&nbsp;Qi-Chao Wu,&nbsp;Yao-Wen Jiang,&nbsp;Ailiyasi Aisikaer,&nbsp;Fan Zhang,&nbsp;He-Wei Chen,&nbsp;Hong-Jian Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to investigate the feeding effect of wheat silage on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and microbiota composition in feedlot lambs. Sixty-four male crossbred Chinese Han lambs (BW = 27.8 ± 0.67 kg, 3 months of age) were randomly assigned to four ration groups with wheat silage replacing 0% (WS0), 36% (WS36), 64% (WS64), and 100% (WS100) of oaten hay on forage dry matter basis. The concentrate-to-forage ratio was 80:20 and the feeding trial lasted 52 d. Increasing wheat silage inclusion linearly decreased dry matter intake by 4% to 27% (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). However, increasing the wheat silage replacement of oaten hay by no more than 64% improved the feed efficiency by 14% as noted by the feed-to-gain ratio (<em>P</em> = 0.04). Apparent digestibility of organic matter (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), neutral detergent fibre (<em>P</em> = 0.04) and acid detergent fibre (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) quadratically increased. Ammonia nitrogen (<em>P</em> = 0.01) decreased while microbial protein production (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) increased with the increase of wheat silage inclusion. Total volatile fatty acids concentration increased quadratically with the increase of wheat silage inclusion (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), and the highest occurred in WS64. The molar proportion of acetate (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and acetate-to-propionate ratio (<em>P</em> = 0.04) decreased while butyrate (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and isovalerate (<em>P</em> = 0.04) increased. Increasing wheat silage inclusion increased the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidota ratio by 226% to 357%, resulting in Firmicutes instead of Bacteroidota being the most abundant phylum. The relative abundance of cellulolytic <em>Ruminococcus</em> numerically increased but that of amylolytic <em>Prevotella</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) decreased as increasing wheat silage inclusion. Taken together, increasing wheat silage replacement of oaten hay by no more than 64% exhibited greater feed efficiency and fibre digestion despite low feed intake by feedlot lambs due to the change of Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidota ratio in the rumen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 332-340"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523001208/pdfft?md5=09fd279f0ea5f3812bfc669b43b5dc20&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523001208-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134657012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The future of feed formulation for poultry: Toward more sustainable production of meat and eggs","authors":"Gene M. Pesti ,&nbsp;Mingan Choct","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Current methods for feed formulation are based on minimizing costs, not maximizing profits. Complex models of bird growth and reproduction as functions of genetic, feed and other environmental variables are being developed, but their adaptation has been slow. The development of profit maximizing models will evolve to center on the production functions of broilers and layers. The production functions are the relationship between the value of products (mainly meat and eggs) and the cost of feed. The production function is the tool used to maximize profits subject to all the various inputs, not just feed or nutrition. The production function is subject to the law of diminishing returns. The most profitable output levels are those where the marginal value (price) of the meat or eggs is just equal to the marginal cost of the inputs including feed, housing, processing and all other costs. Anything that affects the production function, bird genetics, feed quality, housing and environment, will be considered to maximize profits for the poultry firm. The profit maximizing models of poultry firms will improve as various technical improvements are made: metabolizable energy to describe ingredients will evolve to net energy systems that consider that the heat production (and therefore energetic efficiency) of broilers is different depending on the ingredients used to formulate the feed and the environmental temperatures under which they are reared. Amino acid needs will include a method to find the birds' needs for the non-essential amino acids. “Digestible” amino acid assays will differentiate between digestion and absorption to best balance various sources. The carbohydrate fractions of feed ingredients will be determined to optimize the use of exogenous enzymes. The value of meat and egg co-products will reduce overall costs (e.g., organic fertilizer for crop enhancement). Future profit maximizing production models will be ever evolving processes where field conditions and results are continually being utilized to re-calibrate the technical models so that the management team can use them with cost and return projections to decide on the best choices of inputs and outputs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 71-87"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/60/c9/main.PMC10550521.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41158783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rumen bacterial cluster identification and its influence on rumen metabolites and growth performance of young goats","authors":"Dangdang Wang ,&nbsp;Guangfu Tang ,&nbsp;Yannan Wang ,&nbsp;Junjian Yu ,&nbsp;Luyu Chen ,&nbsp;Jie Chen ,&nbsp;Yanbo Wu ,&nbsp;Yuanjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Yangchun Cao ,&nbsp;Junhu Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Enterotypes, which are defined as bacterial clusters in the gut microbiome, have been found to have a close relationship to host metabolism and health. However, this concept has never been used in the rumen, and little is known about the complex biological relationships between ruminants and their rumen bacterial clusters. In this study, we used young goats (<em>n</em> = 99) as a model, fed them the same diet, and analyzed their rumen microbiome and corresponding bacterial clusters. The relationships between the bacterial clusters and rumen fermentation and growth performance in the goats were further investigated. Two bacterial clusters were identified in all goats: the P-cluster (dominated by genus <em>Prevotella</em>, <em>n</em> = 38) and R-cluster (dominated by <em>Ruminococcus</em>, <em>n</em> = 61). Compared with P-cluster goats, R-cluster goats had greater growth rates, concentrations of propionate, butyrate, and 18 free amino acids¸ and proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, but lower acetate molar percentage, acetate to propionate ratio, and several odd and branched chain and saturated fatty acids in rumen fluid (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Several members of Firmicutes, including <em>Ruminococcus</em>, <em>Oscillospiraceae NK4A214 group</em>, and <em>Christensenellaceae R-7 group</em> were significantly higher in the R-cluster, whereas Prevotellaceae members, such as <em>Prevotella</em> and <em>Prevotellaceae UCG-003,</em> were significantly higher in P-cluster (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Co-occurrence networks showed that R-cluster enriched bacteria had significant negative correlations with P-cluster enriched bacteria (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Moreover, we found the concentrations of propionate, butyrate and free amino acids, and the proportions of unsaturated fatty acids were positively correlated with R-cluster enriched bacteria (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The concentrations of acetate, acetate to propionate ratio, and the proportion of odd and branched chain and saturated fatty acids were positively correlated with P-cluster enriched bacteria (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Overall, our results indicated that rumen bacterial clusters can influence rumen fermentation and growth performance of young goats, which may shed light on modulating the rumen microbiome in early life to improve the growth performance of ruminant animals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 34-44"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e6/02/main.PMC10522951.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41158782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic and metabolomic insights into the roles of exogenous β-hydroxybutyrate acid for the development of rumen epithelium in young goats","authors":"Yimin Zhuang ,&nbsp;Jianmin Chai ,&nbsp;Mahmoud M. Abdelsattar ,&nbsp;Yuze Fu ,&nbsp;Naifeng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), as one of the main metabolic ketones in the rumen epithelium, plays critical roles in cellular growth and metabolism. The ketogenic capacity is associated with the maturation of rumen in young ruminants, and the exogenous BHBA in diet may promote the rumen development. However, the effects of exogenous BHBA on rumen remain unknown. This is the first study to investigate the mechanisms of BHBA on gene expression and metabolism of rumen epithelium using young goats as a model through multi-omics techniques. Thirty-two young goats were divided into control, low dose, middle dose, and high dose groups by supplementation of BHBA in starter (0, 3, 6, and 9 g/day, respectively). Results demonstrated the dietary of BHBA promoted the growth performance of young goats and increased width and length of the rumen papilla (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Hub genes in host transcriptome that were positively related to rumen characteristics and BHBA concentration were identified. Several upregulated hub genes including <em>NDUFC1</em>, <em>NDUFB4</em>, <em>NDUFB10</em>, <em>NDUFA11</em> and <em>NDUFA1</em> were enriched in the gene ontology (GO) pathway of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity, while <em>ATP5ME</em>, <em>ATP5PO</em> and <em>ATP5PF</em> were associated with ATP synthesis. RT-PCR revealed the expression of genes (<em>HMGCS2</em>, <em>BDH1</em>, <em>SLC16A3</em>, etc.) associated with lipolysis increased significantly by BHBA supplementation (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Metabolomics indicated that some metabolites such as glucose, palmitic acid, cortisol and capric acid were also increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). This study revealed that BHBA promoted rumen development through altering NADH balance and accelerating lipid metabolism, which provides a theoretical guidance for the strategies of gastrointestinal health and development of young ruminants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 10-21"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5a/8a/main.PMC10514413.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41168611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}