Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Effects on reproductive and productive performance and meat quality in rabbit breeding","authors":"Stella Agradi ,&nbsp;Majlind Sulce ,&nbsp;Laura Menchetti ,&nbsp;Daniele Vigo ,&nbsp;Marta Castrica ,&nbsp;Olimpia Barbato ,&nbsp;Egon Andoni ,&nbsp;Alda Quattrone ,&nbsp;Albana Munga ,&nbsp;Maria Laura Marongiu ,&nbsp;Giulio Curone ,&nbsp;Gabriele Brecchia","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rabbit breeding has many critical aspects related to reproduction, production, and animal welfare, which reduce its profitability as well as consumer attractiveness. Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) seems to be a good nutritional strategy to improve several aspects of rabbit breeding, enhance animal welfare and produce a new functional food considered healthy for human consumption. For this reason, the main available scientific research regarding the physiological effects of n-3 PUFA rich products supplemented to the rabbit diet will be reviewed. In particular, consequences on the reproductive performances of both doe and buck, the productive parameters, and the meat quality will be analysed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 70-78"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fd/74/main.PMC10220468.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9548041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acid tolerance of lactate-utilizing bacteria of the order Bacteroidales contributes to prevention of ruminal acidosis in goats adapted to a high-concentrate diet","authors":"Zhongyan Lu ,&nbsp;Lingmeng Kong ,&nbsp;Shenhao Ren ,&nbsp;Jörg R. Aschenbach ,&nbsp;Hong Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid accumulation of organic acids, particularly lactate, has been suggested as the main cause of ruminal acidosis (RA) for ruminants fed high-concentrate diets. Previous research has shown that a gradual shift from low-to high-concentrate diets within 4 to 5 weeks effectively reduces the risk for RA. However, the mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, 20 goats were randomly allocated into four groups (<em>n</em> = 5) and fed with a diet containing a weekly increasing concentrate portion of 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% over 28 d. At d 7, 14, 21, and 28, one group (named C20, C40, C60, and C80 according to the last concentrate level that they received) was killed and the ruminal microbiome was collected. Ruminal acidosis was not detected in any of the goats during the experiment. Nonetheless, ruminal pH dropped sharply from 6.2 to 5.7 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) when dietary concentrate increased from 40% to 60%. A combined metagenome and metatranscriptome sequencing approach identified that this was linked to a sharp decrease in the abundance and expression of genes encoding nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent lactate dehydrogenase (nLDH), catalyzing the enzymatic conversion of pyruvate to lactate (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), whereas the expression of two genes encoding NAD-independent lactate dehydrogenase (iLDH), catalyzing lactate oxidation to pyruvate, showed no significant concomitant change. Abundance and expression alterations for nLDH- and iLDH-encoding genes were attributable to bacteria from Clostridiales and Bacteroidales, respectively. By analyzing the gene profiles of 9 metagenome bins (MAG) with nLDH-encoding genes and 5 MAG with iLDH-encoding genes, we identified primary and secondary active transporters as being the major types of sugar transporter for lactate-producing bacteria (LPB) and lactate-utilizing bacteria (LUB), respectively. Furthermore, more adenosine triphosphate was required for the phosphorylation of sugars to initiate their catabolic pathways in LPB compared to LUB. Thus, the low dependence of sugar transport systems and catabolic pathways on primary energy sources supports the acid tolerance of LUB from Bacteroidales. It favors ruminal lactate utilization during the adaptation of goats to a high-concentrate diet. This finding has valuable implications for the development of measures to prevent RA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 130-140"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1d/e9/main.PMC10314236.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9801302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of dietary crude protein concentrations, grain types and arginine:lysine ratios on the performance of broiler chickens","authors":"Shemil P. Macelline ,&nbsp;Peter V. Chrystal ,&nbsp;Chanon Inanan ,&nbsp;Mehdi Toghyani ,&nbsp;Peter H. Selle ,&nbsp;Sonia Yun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) concentrations, grain types and arginine:lysine ratios on performance parameters of broiler chickens. The 2 × 2 × 2 factorial array of dietary treatments harnessed two CP concentrations (210 and 170 g/kg), two feed grains (wheat and sorghum), and two arginine:lysine ratios (104 and 110). Each dietary treatment was offered to 7 replicates of 14 birds per floor pen, a total of 784 off-sex male, Ross 308 broilers, from 14 to 35 d post-hatch. The dietary CP reduction compromised weight gain by 10.0% (2078 versus 2310 g/bird) as a main effect and FCR by 7.51% (1.474 versus 1.371), subject to an interaction. In a three-way interaction (<em>P</em> = 0.008), expanded arginine:lysine ratios improved FCR by 2.30% in 170 g/kg CP, sorghum-based diets but compromised FCR by 2.12% in corresponding wheat-based diets. Sorghum was the more suitable feed grain in reduced-CP diets as sorghum generated significant advantages in weight gain of 7.59% (2154 versus 2002 g/kg) and FCR of 6.94% (1.421 versus 1.527) in birds offered 170 g/kg CP diets. Both dietary CP and feed grain generated significant and divergent impacts in apparent ileal digestibility coefficients for the majority of 16 assessed amino acids. Dietary CP reductions increased non-bound amino acid inclusions (NBAA) in wheat-based diets (48.96 versus 9.80 g/kg) to a greater extent than sorghum-based diets (35.3 versus 9.50 g/kg) and increasing dietary NBAA inclusions were linearly associated with compromised weight gain (<em>r</em> = −0.834; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and FCR (<em>r</em> = 0.862; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Increasing ratios of free arginine to lysine plasma concentrations were linearly (<em>r</em> = −0.466; <em>P</em> = 0.004) related to improvements in FCR. The implications of the observed outcomes are discussed and possible explanations are advanced.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 259-268"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10432908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10051629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carotenoid enrichment in eggs: From biochemistry perspective","authors":"Dieudonné M. Dansou,&nbsp;Huiyan Zhang,&nbsp;Yanan Yu,&nbsp;Hao Wang,&nbsp;Chaohua Tang,&nbsp;Qingyu Zhao,&nbsp;Yuchang Qin,&nbsp;Junmin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The emergence of safe and functional eggs for consumer acceptance has gained focus. The production of carotenoid-enriched eggs has received attention due to its multifunctional biological properties. Nutritional modification of laying hens’ diet can be a strategy to produce such eggs. This review presents the chemistry of carotenoids in nature and eggs, the accumulation process of carotenoids into eggs, and the functions of carotenoids in eggs. Our findings showed that carotenoids can be deposited into the egg and contribute to improving its nutritive value. The biosynthesis, chemical structure, and metabolism pathways of carotenoids lead to the deposition of carotenoids into eggs in their original or metabolized forms. Also, some factors modulate the efficiency of carotenoids in fowls before accumulation into eggs. Carotenoid-enriched eggs may be promising, ensuring the availability of highly nutritive eggs. However, further studies are still needed to comprehend the full metabolism process and the extensive functions of carotenoids in eggs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 315-333"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f1/37/main.PMC10448277.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10464065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary emodin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal mucosal barrier injury by regulating gut microbiota in piglets","authors":"Wenjuan Xun ,&nbsp;Mengyao Ji ,&nbsp;Zhonghua Ma ,&nbsp;Tanjie Deng ,&nbsp;Wen Yang ,&nbsp;Guanyu Hou ,&nbsp;Liguang Shi ,&nbsp;Ting Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study was to determine the effects of dietary emodin (ED) on the intestinal mucosal barrier, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathways, and gut microbial flora in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets were chosen and 4 treatments were created by randomly distributing piglets into CON, ED, LPS, and ED_LPS groups. Experiments were done in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement and maintained for 21 d. Dietary treatment (a basal diet or 300 mg/kg ED) and immunological challenge (LPS or sterile saline) were 2 major factors. Intraperitoneal injections of LPS or sterilized saline were given to piglets on d 21. Six hours after the LPS challenge, all piglets were euthanized for sample collection and analysis. The results showed that piglets of the ED_LPS group had higher (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) villus height to crypt depth ratio (VCR), and lower (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) plasma D-lactate and diamine oxidase (DAO) than the LPS group. Furthermore, ED inhibited (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) the decrease of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activities and increase of malonaldehyde level (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in jejunal mucosa induced by LPS. The mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes (<em>IL-6, IL-1β,</em> and <em>TNF-α)</em> were significantly reduced (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and the mRNA levels of antioxidant enzyme genes (<em>GPX-1</em>, <em>SOD2</em> and <em>CAT</em>), as well as protein and mRNA levels of tight junction proteins (occludin, claudin-1, and <em>ZO-1</em>), were also significantly increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) by ED addition in LPS-induced piglets. Meanwhile, ED supplementation significantly decreased the LPS-induced protein levels of cyclooxygenase-2 and phosphorylation levels of NF-κB p65 and IκBα in jejunal mucosa. Emodin had a significant effect on the composition of gut microbial flora at various taxonomic positions as indicated by 16S RNA sequencing. The acetic acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, and isovaleric acid concentrations in the cecum were also increased by ED addition in pigs (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the correlation analysis revealed that some intestinal microbiota had a potential relationship with jejunal VCR, plasma D-lactate and DAO, jejunal mucosa GSH-Px and CAT activity, and cecal short-chain fatty acid concentration. These data suggest that ED is effective in alleviating LPS-induced intestinal mucosal barrier injury by modulating gut microbiota in piglets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 152-162"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a0/07/main.PMC10344667.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9825377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in selenium supplementation: From selenium-enriched yeast to potential selenium-enriched insects, and selenium nanoparticles","authors":"Luca Ferrari ,&nbsp;Donata M.I.R. Cattaneo ,&nbsp;Rossella Abbate ,&nbsp;Michele Manoni ,&nbsp;Matteo Ottoboni ,&nbsp;Alice Luciano ,&nbsp;Christoph von Holst ,&nbsp;Luciano Pinotti","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient that plays an important role in animal and human development and physiological homoeostasis. This review surveys the role of Se in the environment, plants and animal bodies, and discusses data on Se biofortification with different sources of supplementation, from inorganic to organic forms, with special focus on Se-enriched yeast (Se-yeast). Although Se-yeast remains one of the main sources of organic Se, other emerging and innovative sources are reviewed, such as Se-enriched insects and Se-nanoparticles and their potential use in animal nutrition. Se-enriched insects are discussed as an option for supplying Se in organic form to livestock diets. Se-nanoparticles are also discussed, as they represent a more biocompatible and less toxic source of inorganic Se for animal organisms, compared to selenite and selenate. We also provide up to date information on the legal framework in the EU, USA, and Canada of Se that is contained in feed additives. From the scientific evidence available in the literature, it can be concluded that among the inorganic forms, sodium selenite is still one of the main options, whereas Se-yeast remains the primary organic form. However, other potential sources such as Se-enriched insects and Se-nanoparticles are being investigated as they could potentially combine a high bioavailability and reduced Se emissions in the environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 193-203"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10362088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9864404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of dietary fiber on intestinal microorganisms and its effects on animal health","authors":"Xuebing Han,&nbsp;Yong Ma,&nbsp;Sujuan Ding,&nbsp;Jun Fang,&nbsp;Gang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The animal gut harbors diverse microbes that play an essential role in the well-being of their host. Specific diets, such as those rich in dietary fiber, are vital in disease prevention and treatment because they affect intestinal flora and have a positive impact on the metabolism, immunity, and intestinal function of the host. Dietary fiber can provide energy to colonic epithelial cells, regulate the structure and metabolism of intestinal flora, promote the production of intestinal mucosa, stimulate intestinal motility, improve glycemic and lipid responses, and regulate the digestion and absorption of nutrients, which is mainly attributed to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which is the metabolite of dietary fiber. By binding with G protein-coupled receptors (including GPR41, GPR43 and GPR109A) and inhibiting the activity of histone deacetylases, SCFA regulate appetite and glucolipid metabolism, promote the function of the intestinal barrier, alleviate oxidative stress, suppress inflammation, and maintain immune system homeostasis. This paper reviews the physicochemical properties of dietary fiber, the interaction between dietary fiber and intestinal microorganisms, the role of dietary fiber in maintaining intestinal health, and the function of SCFA, the metabolite of dietary fiber, in inhibiting inflammation. Furthermore, we consider the effects of dietary fiber on the intestinal health of pigs, the reproduction and lactation performance of sows, and the growth performance and meat quality of pigs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 356-369"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/94/8f/main.PMC10448034.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10481850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of L-arginine, guanidinoacetic acid and L-citrulline supplementation in reduced-protein diets on bone morphology and mineralization of laying hens","authors":"Hiep Thi Dao ,&nbsp;Amy F. Moss ,&nbsp;Emma J. Bradbury ,&nbsp;Robert A. Swick","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The alterations in feed ingredients and the nutrient matrix to produce reduced-protein diets may affect bone morphology and mineralization in laying hens. This study was implemented to determine the effects of L-arginine (Arg), guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), and L-citrulline (Cit) supplementation to Arg-deficient reduced-protein diets on bone morphology, strength, and mineralization status of laying hens. Individually housed Hy-Line Brown laying hens were evenly distributed to five dietary treatments with 25 replicates per treatment from 20 to 40 wk of age. Treatments consisted of a standard protein diet (17% crude protein, SP), a reduced-protein diet deficient in Arg (13% crude protein, RP), and RP supplemented with Arg (0.35% Arg, RP-Arg), GAA (0.46% GAA equivalent to 0.35% Arg, RP-GAA), or Cit (0.35% Cit equivalent to 0.35% Arg, RP-Cit) to reach the Arg level of SP diets. Birds fed the SP diet had similar bone weight, ash, length, width, Seedor index, breaking strength, and serum mineral concentration, but higher toe B level (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) compared to those fed the RP diet at wk 40. Birds fed the SP diet consumed more but also excreted more K and B compared to those fed the RP diet (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Birds fed the SP diet had lower Cu digestibility (<em>P</em> = 0.01) and higher B retention (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) compared to those offered the RP diet. Supplementation of Arg, GAA, and Cit to the RP diet increased relative femur weight and length (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Citrulline supplementation also increased relative tibia and femur ash, and Zn digestibility (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Supplementation of GAA to the RP diet decreased serum Ca, P, and Mg levels, decreased tibia Fe and Mg levels and toe Mg level, but increased Al, Fe, Zn, and Mn digestibility (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The current findings demonstrated the capacity of laying hens to adapt to low mineral intake by increasing mineral utilization. Overall, bone morphology and breaking strength, and serum mineral level in laying hens were not influenced by dietary CP levels. Dietary Arg, GAA, or Cit supplementation were effective in improving bone morphology and mineralization in laying hens fed Arg-deficient RP diets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 225-234"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10362165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9855569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of dynamic effects of dietary medium-chain monoglycerides on performance, intestinal development and gut microbiota of broilers in large-scale production","authors":"Tao Liu ,&nbsp;Shengyue Ruan ,&nbsp;Qiufen Mo ,&nbsp;Minjie Zhao ,&nbsp;Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Zhangying Ye ,&nbsp;Li Chen ,&nbsp;Fengqin Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Medium-chain monoglycerides (MG) have been reported to affect the productive performance, gut microbiota and health of broiler chickens reared in ideal experimental conditions at home and abroad. However, the effects of MG on performance, intestinal development and gut microbiota of chickens in large-scale farms during different feed stages remain unknown. The present study was conducted on a modern farm with a total of 12,000 yellow feathered broiler chicks that were randomly allotted to 2 groups (1000 chicks/replicate, 6 replicates/group) for a 70-day trial. The control group (CON group) received a basal diet, and the treated group (MG group) was fed a basal diet containing 300 mg/kg mixed MG. The results revealed that dietary MG significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) increased the body weight and average feed intake, but notably reduced the feed conversion and mortality of chickens in large-scale production during the starter phase. The villus height of the duodenum in the MG group at 1, 2 and 7 wk of age increased notably, and the villus height to crypt depth ratio at 1, 2, 5 and 10 wk of age was improved. Dietary MG decreased the serum insulin content of chickens at 5, 7 and 10 wk of age, and decreased the serum lipopolysaccharide at 3 and 7 wk of age. The triglyceride level of chickens at 3, 5 and 10 wk of age and the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of chickens at 7 and 10 wk of age in the MG group decreased notably, while the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased significantly. Moreover, MG supplementation selectively increased the relative abundance of genus <em>Bacteroides</em> (family Bacteroidaceae) and <em>Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group</em>, but decreased the content of genus <em>Rikenellaceae</em>_<em>RC9</em>_<em>gut</em>_<em>group</em>, <em>Collinsella</em> and family Barnesiellaceae in the cecum of chickens at 3, 7 and 10 wk of age. Conclusively, these findings showed that dietary MG notably enhanced chicken performance, health and feed nutrient utilization at early ages by regulating gut microbiota, intestinal development and serum biochemical indices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 269-280"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/76/0f/main.PMC10432913.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10051627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High amylose to amylopectin ratios in nitrogen-free diets decrease the ileal endogenous amino acid losses of broiler chickens","authors":"Huajin Zhou ,&nbsp;Tahir Mahmood ,&nbsp;Wei Wu ,&nbsp;Yanhong Chen ,&nbsp;Yao Yu ,&nbsp;Jianmin Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explored the variation of ileal endogenous amino acid (IEAA) losses and its influencing factors in chickens offered nitrogen-free diets (NFD) containing different ratios of amylose to amylopectin (AM/AP). A total of 252 broiler chickens at 28 d old were randomly allocated into 7 treatment groups for a 3-d trial. The dietary treatments included a basal diet (control), a NFD containing corn starch (CS), and 5 NFD with AM/AP ratios of 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, and 1.00, respectively. As the AM/AP ratio increased, the IEAA losses of all AAs, starch digestibility and maltase activity linearly decreased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), but the DM digestibility linearly and quadratically decreased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Compared with the control, the NFD increased the number of goblet cells and its regulatory genes mucin-2 and krüppel-like factor 4 (<em>KLF-4</em>) while decreasing serum glucagon and thyroxine concentrations, ileal villus height, and crypt depth (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, NFD with lower AM/AP ratios (0.20 and 0.40) decreased the ileal microbiota species richness (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In all NFD groups, the number of Proteobacteria increased whereas the abundance of Firmicutes dropped (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). However, the broilers in the AM/AP 0.60 group were closer to the digestive physiological state of chickens fed the control diet, with no significant change in maltase activity and mucin-2 expression (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, increasing AM/AP ratio in a NFD decreased the IEAA losses and the apparent ileal digestibility of starch but inevitably resulted in malnutrition and disruption of gut microbiota homeostasis. This study recommends AM/AP in NFD at 0.60 to measure IEAA of broiler chickens.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 111-120"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/00/ed/main.PMC10300069.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9729124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}