Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Wheat bran inclusion level impacts its net energy by shaping gut microbiota and regulating heat production in gestating sows","authors":"Song Xu,&nbsp;Zirou Yu,&nbsp;Zongliang Li,&nbsp;Zijie Wang,&nbsp;Chenyu Shi,&nbsp;Jian Li,&nbsp;Fenglai Wang,&nbsp;Hu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An accurate estimation of net energy (NE) of wheat bran is essential for precision feeding of sows. However, the effects of inclusion level on NE of wheat bran have not been reported. Inclusion level was hypothesized to impact NE of wheat bran by regulating gut microbiota and partitioning of heat production. Therefore, twelve multiparous sows (Yorkshire × Landrace; 2 to 4 parity) were assigned to a replicated 3 × 6 Youden square with 3 successive periods and 6 diets in each square. The experiment included a corn-soybean meal diet (WB0) and five diets including 9.8% (WB10), 19.5% (WB20), 29.2% (WB30), 39.0% (WB40) and 48.7% wheat bran (WB50), respectively. Each period included 6 d of adaptation to diets followed by 6 d for heat production measurement using open-circuit respiration chambers. Compared with other groups, WB30, WB40, and WB50 enriched different fiber-degrading bacteria genera (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Apparent total tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber of wheat bran were greater in WB30 and WB40 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Physical activity (standing and sitting) decreased as inclusion level increased (<em>P</em> = 0.04), which tended to decrease related heat production (<em>P</em> = 0.07). Thermic effect of feeding (TEF) was higher in WB50 than other treatments (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Metabolizable energy of wheat bran was similar among treatment groups (except for WB10). NE of wheat bran conformed to a quadratic regression equation with inclusion level (<em>R</em>² = 0.99, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and peaked at an inclusion level of 35.3%. In conclusion, increasing inclusion level decreased energy expenditure of sows on physical activity and promoted growth of fiber-degrading bacteria, which improved energy utilization of fiber. Fermentation of wheat bran fiber by <em>Prevotellaceae_UCG-003</em> and <em>norank_f__Paludibacteraceae</em> might increase TEF. Consequently, sows utilized energy in wheat bran most efficiently at an inclusion level of 35.3%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 45-57"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/49/3c/main.PMC10539868.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41173312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary choline activates the Ampk/Srebp signaling pathway and decreases lipid levels in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)","authors":"Jingjing Lu ,&nbsp;Xinyue Tao ,&nbsp;Jiaxiang Luo ,&nbsp;Tingting Zhu ,&nbsp;Lefei Jiao ,&nbsp;Peng Sun ,&nbsp;Qicun Zhou ,&nbsp;Douglas R. Tocher ,&nbsp;Min Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An 8-week feeding trial was conducted in Pacific white shrimp (<em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>) to evaluate the effects of dietary choline supplementation on choline transport and metabolism, hepatopancreas histological structure and fatty acid profile, and regulation of lipid metabolism. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain different choline levels of 2.91 (basal diet), 3.85, 4.67, 6.55, 10.70 and 18.90 g/kg, respectively. A total of 960 shrimp (initial weight, 1.38 ± 0.01 g) were distributed randomly into twenty-four 250-L cylindrical fiber-glass tanks, with each diet assigned randomly to 4 replicate tanks. The results indicated that dietary choline significantly promoted the deposition of choline, betaine and carnitine (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The diameters and areas of R cells, total lipid and triglyceride contents in hepatopancreas, and triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid contents in hemolymph were negatively correlated with dietary choline level. The contents of functional fatty acids in hepatopancreas, the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (Acc), and the mRNA expression of <em>fas</em>, <em>srebp</em> and <em>acc</em> were highest in shrimp fed the diet containing 4.67 g/kg choline, and significantly higher than those fed the diet containing 2.91 g/kg, the lowest level of choline (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The number of R cells, content of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), activities of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase (Cpt1), lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase, and the mRNA expression levels of <em>cpt1</em>, <em>fabp</em>, <em>fatp</em>, <em>ldlr</em>, and <em>ampk</em> in hepatopancreas increased significantly as dietary choline increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In addition, hepatopancreas mRNA expression levels of <em>ctl1</em>, <em>ctl2</em>, <em>oct1</em>, <em>badh</em>, <em>bhmt</em>, <em>ck</em>, <em>cept</em>, and <em>cct</em> were generally up-regulated as dietary choline level increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, dietary choline promoted the deposition of choline and its metabolites by up-regulating genes related to choline transport and metabolism. Moreover, appropriate dietary choline level promoted the development of hepatopancreas R cells and maintained the normal accumulation of lipids required for development, while high dietary choline not only promoted hepatopancreas lipid export by enhancing VLDL synthesis, but also promoted fatty acid β-oxidation and inhibited de novo fatty acid synthesis by activating the Ampk/Srebp signaling pathway. These findings provided further insight and understanding of the mechanisms by which dietary choline regulated lipid metabolism in <em>L. vannamei</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 58-70"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50188780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Replacing dietary sodium selenite with biogenic selenium nanoparticles improves the growth performance and gut health of early-weaned piglets","authors":"Lei Qiao ,&nbsp;Xina Dou ,&nbsp;Xiaofan Song ,&nbsp;Jiajing Chang ,&nbsp;Xiaonan Zeng ,&nbsp;Lixu Zhu ,&nbsp;Hongbo Yi ,&nbsp;Chunlan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are proposed as a safer and more effective selenium delivery system than sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃). Here, we investigated the effects of replacing dietary Na₂SeO₃ with SeNPs synthesized by <em>Lactobacillus casei</em> ATCC 393 on the growth performance and gut health of early-weaned piglets. Seventy-two piglets (<em>Duroc</em> × <em>Landrace</em> × <em>Large Yorkshire</em>) weaned at 21 d of age were divided into the control group (basal diet containing 0.3 mg Se/kg from Na₂SeO₃) and SeNPs group (basal diet containing 0.3 mg Se/kg from SeNPs) during a 14-d feeding period. The results revealed that SeNPs supplementation increased the average daily gain (<em>P</em> = 0.022) and average daily feed intake (<em>P</em> = 0.033), reduced (<em>P</em> = 0.056) the diarrhea incidence, and improved (<em>P</em> = 0.013) the feed conversion ratio compared with Na₂SeO₃. Additionally, SeNPs increased jejunal microvilli height (<em>P</em> = 0.006) and alleviated the intestinal barrier dysfunction by upregulating (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) the expression levels of mucin 2 and tight junction proteins, increasing (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) Se availability, and maintaining mitochondrial structure and function, thereby improving antioxidant capacity and immunity. Furthermore, metabolomics showed that SeNPs can regulate lipid metabolism and participate in the synthesis, secretion and action of parathyroid hormone, proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation and tricarboxylic acid cycle. Moreover, SeNPs increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) the abundance of <em>Holdemanella</em> and the levels of acetate and propionate. Correlation analysis suggested that <em>Holdemanella</em> was closely associated with the regulatory effects of SeNPs on early-weaned piglets through participating in lipid metabolism. Overall, replacing dietary Na₂SeO₃ with biogenic SeNPs could be a potential nutritional intervention strategy to prevent early-weaning syndrome in piglets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 99-113"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523001002/pdfft?md5=3ccedc70d5efb7c521c6f187953c9fb7&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523001002-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43173867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piglet growth performance improved by dietary supplementation of porous or nano particles of zinc oxide may be related to the gut microbiota","authors":"Lina Long ,&nbsp;Xichen Zhao ,&nbsp;Jie Chen ,&nbsp;Zixi Wang ,&nbsp;Yanfang Tang ,&nbsp;Jian Huang ,&nbsp;Yulong Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Previous studies on porous or nano particles zinc oxide (ZnO) in the piglets have mainly focused on growth performance and intestinal inflammation, but have scarcely explored the efficacy on gut microbiota. In addition, the efficacy of nano particles ZnO, which is related to its product quality, remains undefined. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of dietary 500 mg/kg porous or nano particles ZnO on the growth performance and gut microbiota of the weaned piglets. A total of 128 weaned piglets were randomly assigned to the dietary groups: NC (basal diet), PC (basal diet + 3,000 mg/kg conventional ZnO), 500HiZ (basal diet + 500 mg/kg porous particles ZnO), and 500ZNP (basal diet + 500 mg/kg nano particles ZnO). Compared with the NC diet group, both 500HiZ and 500ZNP increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) average daily feed intake (1 to 28 d) and average daily gain (1 to 28 d), and the 500ZNP tended to decrease feed to gain ratio (F:G ratio, 1 to 28 d) (<em>P</em> = 0.09). Both 500HiZ and 500ZNP decreased crypt depth of the ileum and increased claudin-2 in the duodenum and zonula occludens-1 in the ileum (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Moreover, both 500HiZ and 500ZNP decreased IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the jejunum and decreased TNF-α and IL-6 in the ileum (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Both 500HiZ and 500ZNP increased microbial β-diversity index in the ileum and microbial α-diversity indices in the colon of piglets (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The probiotic genera <em>Coprococcus</em> (500ZNP) and <em>Blautia</em> (500HiZ) were positively correlated with the F:G ratio (1 to 28 d) in colon of piglets (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In addition, 500HiZ promoted mitochondrial fusion protein 1 (MFN1) and zinc transporter-1 (ZnT-1) in the jejunum (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), whilst 500ZNP decreased MFN1 in the jejunum and ZnT-1 in the ileum (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In summary, both 500HiZ and 500ZNP improved the growth performance of piglets, which is likely via the genera <em>Blautia</em> and <em>Coprococcus</em>, respectively. Both 500HiZ and 500ZNP improved barrier function and inflammation of the intestine, and 500HiZ achieved better efficacy than 500ZNP on intestine mitochondrial functions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 159-172"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240565452300121X/pdfft?md5=43006e49489169370f672c7f80d8b113&pid=1-s2.0-S240565452300121X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136571412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into the unfolded protein response (UPR)-anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) pathway in the regulation of intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets","authors":"Feng Zhang ,&nbsp;Mengxian Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaodan Liu ,&nbsp;Xu Ji ,&nbsp;Shenghe Li ,&nbsp;Erhui Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sustained dysfunction of the intestinal barrier caused by early weaning is a major factor that induces postweaning diarrhea in weaned piglets. In both healthy and diseased states, the intestinal barrier is regulated by goblet cells. Alterations in the characteristics of goblet cells are linked to intestinal barrier dysfunction and inflammatory conditions during pathogenic infections. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) in maintaining intestinal barrier function and how modifications to these systems affect mucus barrier characteristics and goblet cell dysregulation. We highlight a novel mechanism underlying the UPR-AGR2 pathway, which affects goblet cell differentiation and maturation and the synthesis and secretion of mucin by regulating epidermal growth factor receptor and mucin 2. This study provides a theoretical basis and new insights into the regulation of intestinal health in weaned piglets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 225-232"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523001130/pdfft?md5=c1242eb2b167268af3e7ed12db575ab7&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523001130-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135248219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selenium reduces hepatopancreas lipid accumulation of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed high-fat diet via lipophagy activation","authors":"Xiaotian Zhang,&nbsp;Haibo Yu,&nbsp;Xianfang Yan,&nbsp;Pengju Li,&nbsp;Chi Wang,&nbsp;Cheng Zhang,&nbsp;Hong Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It has been reported that selenium (Se) can reduce hepatopancreas lipid accumulation induced by high-fat diet. However, its mechanism is still unknown. This study aims to investigate the specific mechanisms by which Se alleviates high-fat diet-induced lipid accumulation. Grass carp were fed control diet (4.8% lipid, Con), high-fat diet (8.8% lipid, HFD) or HFD supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg nano-Se (HSe0.3) for 10 weeks. Growth performance, Se deposition, lipid accumulation, hepatic ultrastructure, and gene and protein expression levels associated with autophagy were examined. Furthermore, oleic acid (OA) was used to incubate the grass carp hepatocytes (L8824) for 24 h, and then the L8824 were incubated with sodium selenite in presence or absence of an autophagy inhibitor for 24 h. L8824 was analyzed for triglyceride concentration, immunofluorescence, and gene and protein expression levels associated with autophagy. We found that dietary nano-Se improved the growth of fish fed HFD and also decreased hepatosomatic index and intraperitoneal fat ratio of fish fed HFD (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). HFD significantly increased hepatopancreas lipid accumulation and decreased autophagic activity (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Treatment of grass carp fed HFD with nano-Se decreased lipid accumulation and restored hepatic autophagy (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In vitro, Se (100 μM sodium selenite) obviously activated autophagy in L8824 incubated with OA, and consequently reduced the lipid accumulation induced by OA (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, using pharmacological inhibition (chloroquine) of the autophagy greatly diminished the beneficial effects of Se on alleviating OA-induced lipid accumulation and increased the co-localization of lipid droplets with autophagosome (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), which indicated that Se increased autophagic flux. In conclusion, these results suggest that Se alleviates HFD-induced hepatopancreas lipid accumulation by activating lipophagy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 126-136"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523000926/pdfft?md5=1bb40d57483f7eee1f529e98ead00b2f&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523000926-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42542764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary supplementation of sodium butyrate enhances lactation performance by promoting nutrient digestion and mammary gland development in dairy cows","authors":"Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Lijun Bu,&nbsp;Yapeng Liu,&nbsp;Wenjie Huo,&nbsp;Chengqiang Xia,&nbsp;Caixia Pei,&nbsp;Qiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This experiment was to evaluate the influence of sodium butyrate (SB) addition on milk production, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestion, and the development and metabolism regulation of the mammary gland in dairy cows. Forty Holstein dairy cows averaging 710 ± 18.5 kg body weight, 72.8 ± 3.66 d in milk (DIM), and 41.4 ± 1.42 kg/d milk production were divided into four treatments blocked by DIM and milk production. Treatments were control group, low SB, medium SB, and high SB with 0, 100, 200 and 300 g/d of SB addition per cow, respectively. The study lasted for 105 d. Production of milk, milk protein and lactose quadratically increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), while fat-corrected milk, energy-corrected milk and milk fat yields linearly increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) with increasing SB addition. The digestibility of dietary dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein linearly increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), whereas the digestibility of ether extract, neutral detergent fibre, and acid detergent fibre quadratically increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Ruminal pH quadratically decreased (<em>P</em> = 0.04), while total volatile fatty acids (VFA) quadratically increased (<em>P</em> = 0.03) with increasing SB addition. The acetic acid to propionic acid ratio increased (<em>P</em> = 0.03) linearly due to the unaltered acetic acid molar percentage and a linear decrease in propionic acid molar percentage. Ruminal enzymatic activity of carboxymethyl-cellulase and α-amylase, populations of total bacteria, total anaerobic fungi, total protozoa, <em>Ruminococcus albus, R. flavefaciens, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens</em>, <em>Fibrobacter succinogenes,</em> and <em>Ruminobacter amylophilus</em> linearly increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Blood glucose, urea nitrogen, and non-esterified fatty acids linearly decreased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), while total protein concentration linearly increased (<em>P</em> = 0.04). Moreover, the addition of SB at 200 g/d promoted (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) mRNA and protein expression of PPARγ, SREBF1, ACACA, FASN, SCD, CCNA2, CCND1, PCNA, Bcl-2, GPR41, and the ratios of p-Akt/Akt and p-mTOR/mTOR, but decreased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) mRNA and protein expressions of Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9. The results suggest that milk production and milk fat synthesis increased with SB addition by stimulating rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion, gene and protein expressions concerned with milk fat synthesis and mammary gland development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 137-148"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523001142/pdfft?md5=8f75553d41e4daf952d59f94e55e338a&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523001142-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91640841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An emerging role of arecoline on growth performance, intestinal digestion and absorption capacities and intestinal structural integrity of adult grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)","authors":"Na Yao ,&nbsp;Lin Feng ,&nbsp;Weidan Jiang ,&nbsp;Pei Wu ,&nbsp;Hongmei Ren ,&nbsp;Hequn Shi ,&nbsp;Ling Tang ,&nbsp;Shuwei Li ,&nbsp;Caimei Wu ,&nbsp;Hua Li ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoqiu Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Arecoline is an alkaloid with important pharmacological effects in the plant areca nut, which has been demonstrated to be an agonist of muscarinic receptors (M receptor). This study explored the influences of dietary arecoline on growth performance, intestinal digestion and absorption abilities, antioxidant capacity, and the apical junction complex (AJC) of adult grass carp (<em>Ctenopharyngodon idella</em>). Adult grass carp (608 to 1512 g) were fed at 6 graded levels of dietary arecoline (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mg/kg diet) for 9 weeks. The results suggested that appropriate dietary supplementation of arecoline (1.0 mg/kg) increased growth parameters and intestinal growth in adult grass carp (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), enhanced digestion and absorption capacities (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), up-regulated muscarinic receptor 3 (<em>M3</em>) mRNA level (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), increased the content of neuropeptide fish substance P (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), improved antioxidant capacity by activating the Keap1a/Nrf2 signaling pathway (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), reduced intestinal mucosal permeability (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and increased mRNA levels of tight junction (TJ) and adherent junction AJ-related proteins in fish by inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway (RhoA/ROCK/MLCK/NMII) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In addition, the appropriate arecoline supplementation for adult grass carp was determined to be 1.20, 1.21, 1.07, and 1.19 mg/kg based on percentage weight gain, lipase activity, serum diamine oxidase, and protein carbonyl, respectively. Overall, to the best of our knowledge, we investigated for the first time the effects and possible mechanisms of dietary arecoline on intestinal digestive and absorptive capacities and structural integrity in fish and evaluated the appropriate level of supplementation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 173-186"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523000951/pdfft?md5=1be1b9585bc093a878ca4affdbfaf3fa&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523000951-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45130586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefits of tributyrin on growth performance, gastrointestinal tract development, ruminal bacteria and volatile fatty acid formation of weaned Small-Tailed Han lambs","authors":"Zhiwei Li ,&nbsp;Xueer Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Ran An ,&nbsp;Yaxin Wang ,&nbsp;Qingchang Ren ,&nbsp;Jingjing Xuan","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to determine the effects of tributyrin on growth performance, gastrointestinal tract development, ruminal bacteria and volatile fatty acid (VFA) formation. Thirty healthy weaned Small-Tailed Han female lambs at 3 months old with BW 27.5 ± 4.1 kg (mean ± SD) were randomly assigned to five groups of six lambs each, and each group received tributyrin at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 g/kg in feed. Weights were measured before the start and end of the study. After 15 d adaptation, DMI, feed, faeces and urine were recorded every week. Lambs were sacrificed at d 75. Compared to lambs fed no tributyrin, lambs fed 4.0 g/kg tributyrin had higher average daily BW gain (<em>P</em> = 0.04) and DMI (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Tributyrin reduced nitrogen (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), Ca (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and P (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) losses derived from faeces and urine. The mostly important, tributyrin increased dorsal sac thickness (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), papillae length (<em>P</em> = 0.04) and width (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), ventral sac papillae length (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and width (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), caudodorsal blind sac thickness (<em>P</em> = 0.02), papillae length (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and width (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, tributyrin increased thicknesses of both the duodenum (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and ileum (<em>P</em> = 0.01), and villus heights of the duodenum (<em>P</em> = 0.01), ileum (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), jejunum (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and caecum (<em>P</em> = 0.02), but tributyrin decreased duodenal (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and caecal crypt depths (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Tributyrin reduced rumen pH (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) while promoting total VFA concentration (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Tributyrin improved the structure of rumen bacteria by enhancing <em>Clostridium</em> (<em>P</em> = 0.04), <em>Butyrivibrio</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), <em>Streptococcus</em> (<em>P</em> = 0.04), <em>Prevotella</em> (<em>P</em> = 0.04), <em>Ruminobacter</em> (<em>P</em> = 0.02) and <em>Fibrobacter</em> (<em>P</em> = 0.03). In conclusion, tributyrin could stimulate gastrointestinal tract development by enhancing colonization of rumen VFA-producing bacteria, and dietary supplementation of tributyrin at 4.0 g/kg of DM was recommended for the weaned lambs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 187-196"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523001038/pdfft?md5=b875cd903910bedb922e67cba8cd832e&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523001038-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48129048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary methionine sources and levels modulate the intestinal health status of broiler chickens","authors":"Lu Gong ,&nbsp;Tahir Mahmood ,&nbsp;Yves Mercier ,&nbsp;Huiping Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaodan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yizhu Zhao ,&nbsp;Yimeng Luo ,&nbsp;Yuming Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Given the key role of methionine in biological processes, adequate methionine should be provided to meet the nutritional requirements. DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid (DL-HMTBA) has been considered as an important source of methionine. However, the effects of different sources and levels of methionine on the intestinal health status have not been clarified yet. An experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different dietary sources and levels of methionine on the intestinal epithelial barrier, inflammatory cytokines expression, ileal morphology, microbiota composition, and cecal short chain fatty acids (SCFA) profiles. For this purpose, 720 male Arbor Acre broiler chicks at 1 d old were randomly assigned to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with 2 methionine sources (DL-methionine and DL-HMTBA) and 3 total sulfur amino acids (TSAA) levels (80%, 100%, and 120% of Arbor Acre recommendation). The results showed that DL-HMTBA supplementation promoted intestinal physical barrier at both gene expression level of claudin-1 and serum diamine oxidase level (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and the inflammatory cytokine <em>IL-6</em> mRNA expression was down-regulated by dietary DL-HMTBA supplementation compared with the DL-methionine group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, an upregulated gene expression of claudin-1 and zonula occluden-1 (<em>ZO-1</em>) were observed in the low-TSAA treatment on d 14 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), whereas this treatment increased the expression of <em>IL-1β</em> and <em>IL-6</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Villus height to crypt depth ratio was high (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in the middle-level TSAA group. Furthermore, DL-HMTBA supplementation optimized the microbiota of the ileum especially the relative abundance of <em>Lactobacillus</em>, where the digestion and absorption were completed, and elevated the concentrations of SCFA (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) in the cecal content on d 21 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, dietary DL-HMTBA supplementation improved the intestinal barrier function, immune homeostasis and optimized the microbiota to promote intestinal health status in broiler chickens.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 242-255"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523000938/pdfft?md5=a4b4bdf3114d332f030c784594f636d1&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523000938-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48935909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}