Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Dietary adenosine supplementation improves placental angiogenesis in IUGR piglets by up-regulating adenosine A2a receptor","authors":"Zifang Wu ,&nbsp;Jiawei Nie ,&nbsp;Deyuan Wu ,&nbsp;Shuangbo Huang ,&nbsp;Jianzhao Chen ,&nbsp;Huajin Liang ,&nbsp;Xiangyu Hao ,&nbsp;Li Feng ,&nbsp;Hefeng Luo ,&nbsp;Chengquan Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Abnormal placental angiogenesis is associated with the occurrence of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in piglets, and effective treatment strategies against this occurrence remain to be explored. Adenosine has been reported to play an important role in angiogenesis, but its role in placental angiogenesis is still unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of dietary adenosine supplementation on IUGR occurrence in piglets by analyzing the role of adenosine in placental angiogenesis for Normal and IUGR piglets. Specifically, 88 sows were allotted to 2 treatments (<em>n</em> = 44) and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0% or 0.1% of adenosine from day 65 of gestation until farrowing, followed by collecting the placental samples of Normal and IUGR piglets, and recording their characteristics. The results showed that adenosine supplementation increased the mean birth weight of piglets (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and placental efficiency (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), while decreasing the IUGR piglet rate (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Expectedly, the placenta for IUGR neonates showed a down-regulated vascular density (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and angiogenesis as evidenced by the expression level of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM1) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Notably, dietary adenosine supplementation promoted angiogenesis (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) both in the Normal and IUGR placenta. More importantly, the expression level of adenosine A2a receptor (ADORA2A) was lower (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in the IUGR placenta than in Normal placenta, whereas adenosine treatment could significantly increase ADORA2A expression, and also had an interaction effect between factors IUGR and Ado. Collectively, placentae for IUGR piglets showed impaired angiogenesis and down-regulated expression level of ADORA2A, while dietary adenosine supplementation could activate ADORA2A expression, improve the placental angiogenesis, and ultimately decrease the occurrence of IUGR in piglets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 282-288"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d3/73/main.PMC10165186.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9452854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of free fatty acid content and degree of fat saturation on production performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology of laying hens","authors":"María Palomar ,&nbsp;Carlos Garcés-Narro ,&nbsp;Olga Piquer ,&nbsp;Roser Sala ,&nbsp;Alba Tres ,&nbsp;José A. García-Bautista ,&nbsp;María D. Soler","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary free fatty acid (FFA) content and degree of fat saturation on production performance, lipid and calcium digestibility, and intestinal function of laying hens. For a 15-week period, a total of 144 laying hens (19 weeks old) were randomly assigned to 8 dietary treatments, which were obtained by gradually replacing crude soybean oil with soybean acid oil (AO), or crude palm oil with palm fatty acid distillate (FAD). Thus, there were 4 soybean and 4 palm diets with 6% added fat varying in their FFA percentage (10%, 20%, 30%, and 45%), following a 2 × 4 factorial design. Each treatment included 6 replicates with 3 birds per replicate. Average daily feed intake and final body weight were significantly higher in palm diets (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), while no differences were found in egg mass and feed conversion ratio. Higher levels of FFA in soybean diets resulted in lower egg production and higher egg weight (linear, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Regarding the degree of fat saturation, hens fed soybean diets presented higher digestibility of ether extract (EE), fatty acids, and calcium than palm diets (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). The dietary FFA percentage negatively affected the digestibility of EE and calcium (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), while having little effect on FA digestibility. There was a significant interaction in the AME; lower values were reported in soybean diets as the dietary FFA percentage increased (linear, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), whereas palm diets remained unaffected. The experimental diets had little effect on gastrointestinal weight and length. However, the jejunum of soybean diets showed higher villus height and higher villus height-to-crypt depth ratio than palm diets (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and the dietary FFA percentage increased the crypt depth and decreased the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (linear, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). It was concluded that varying dietary FFA content did not affect fat utilization as much as the degree of saturation did, supporting the use of AO and FAD as alternative fat ingredients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 313-323"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/22/d8/main.PMC10184043.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9488784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embryonic modulation through thermal manipulation and in ovo feeding to develop heat tolerance in chickens","authors":"Akshat Goel ,&nbsp;Chris Major Ncho ,&nbsp;Vaishali Gupta ,&nbsp;Yang-Ho Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Healthy chickens are necessary to meet the ever-increasing demand for poultry meat. Birds are subjected to numerous stressful conditions under commercial rearing systems, including variations in the environmental temperature. However, it is difficult to counter the effects of global warming on the livestock industry. High environmental temperature is a stressful condition that has detrimental effects on growth and production performance, resulting in decreased feed intake, retarded growth, compromised gut health, enhanced oxidative stress, and altered immune responses. Traditional approaches include nutritional modification and housing management to mitigate the harmful effects of hot environments. Currently, broiler chickens are more susceptible to heat stress (HS) than layer chickens because of their high muscle mass and metabolic rate. In this review, we explored the possibility of in ovo manipulation to combat HS in broiler chickens. Given their short lifespan from hatching to market age, embryonic life is thought to be one of the critical periods for achieving these objectives. Chicken embryos can be modulated through either temperature treatment or nourishment to improve thermal tolerance during the rearing phase. We first provided a brief overview of the harmful effects of HS on poultry. An in-depth evaluation was then presented for in ovo feeding and thermal manipulation as emerging strategies to combat the negative effects of HS. Finally, we evaluated a combination of the two methods using the available data. Taken together, these investigations suggest that embryonic manipulation has the potential to confer heat resistance in chickens.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 150-159"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/00/c2/main.PMC10130083.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9761977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active dry yeast supplementation benefits ruminal fermentation, bacterial community, blood immunoglobulins, and growth performance in young dairy goats, but not for intermittent supplementation","authors":"Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuntian Yang ,&nbsp;Xinjian Lei ,&nbsp;Yannan Wang ,&nbsp;Yanhua Li ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Yang ,&nbsp;Junhu Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluated the effects of active dry yeast (ADY) supplementation and supplementation strategies on ruminal fermentation, bacterial community, blood metabolites, and growth performance in young dairy goats. Sixty young female Guanzhong dairy goats of similar age (4.00 ± 0.50 months) and BW (19.65 ± 0.41 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups (<em>n</em> = 20): (1) basal diet group (CON); (2) basal diet continuously supplemented with 3.0 g/goat per day commercial ADY (a proprietary strain of <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> with 5.0 × 10⁹ cfu/g) group (CSY); (3) basal diet with intermittently supplemented ADY group (ISY; 5 d supplementation with ADY at 4.5 g/goat per day following 5 d of no supplementation). The experiment lasted 67 d with the first 7 d as an adaptive period. Rumen fluid and blood samples were collected bi-weekly. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure combined with the SLICE option in SAS. Specific orthogonal contrasts of ADY vs. CON and CSY vs. ISY were also analyzed. During the experimental period, ADY supplementation resulted in greater DMI (<em>P</em> = 0.03), ruminal acetate proportion (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and acetylesterase activity (<em>P</em> = 0.01), and blood contents of glucose (<em>P</em> = 0.01) and IgM (<em>P</em> = 0.02) and tended to have greater ADG (<em>P</em> = 0.05) and paunch girth (<em>P</em> = 0.06) than the CON, despite the propionate proportion (<em>P</em> = 0.03) and contents of total protein (<em>P</em> = 0.04) and IgA (<em>P</em> = 0.03) being lower. The lower ruminal NH₃–N (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and blood urea nitrogen (<em>P</em> = 0.07) contents indicated greater nitrogen utilization with ADY supplementation. ADY supplementation showed persistent effects after it was stopped because the BW at 12 months of age (<em>P</em> = 0.03) and birth weight of lambs (<em>P</em> = 0.02) were greater than the CON. However, the ISY did not show those benefits and had significantly lower relative abundances of fiber-degrading related bacteria than the CSY. In conclusion, ADY supplementation, especially continuously supplemented, may enhance ADG and ADG:DMI ratio by improving DMI, ruminal cellulolytic bacteria abundance and enzyme activity, nitrogen utilization, and immune status. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the rational application of ADY and have important practical implications for the design of nutritional strategies in growing dairy goats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 289-301"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d8/49/main.PMC10165222.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9823431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low rumen degradable starch promotes the growth performance of goats by increasing protein synthesis in skeletal muscle via the AMPK-mTOR pathway","authors":"Ziqi Liang ,&nbsp;Chunjia Jin ,&nbsp;Hanxun Bai,&nbsp;Gaofeng Liang,&nbsp;Xiaodong Su,&nbsp;Dangdang Wang,&nbsp;Junhu Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2022.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2022.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Since starch digestion in the small intestine provides more energy than digestion in the rumen of ruminants, reducing dietary rumen degradable starch (RDS) content is beneficial for improving energy utilization of starch in ruminants. The present study tested whether the reduction of rumen degradable starch by restricting dietary corn processing for growing goats could improve growth performance, and further investigated the possible underlying mechanism. In this study, twenty-four 12-wk-old goats were selected and randomly allocated to receive either a high RDS diet (HRDS, crushed corn-based concentrate, the mean of particle sizes of corn grain = 1.64 mm, <em>n</em> = 12) or a low RDS diet (LRDS, non-processed corn-based concentrate, the mean of particle sizes of corn grain &gt;8 mm, <em>n</em> = 12). Growth performance, carcass traits, plasma biochemical indices, gene expression of glucose and amino acid transporters, and protein expression of the AMPK-mTOR pathway were measured. Compared to the HRDS, LRDS tended to increase the average daily gain (ADG, <em>P</em> = 0.054) and decreased the feed-to-gain ratio (F/G, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, LRDS increased the net lean tissue rate (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), protein content (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and total free amino acids (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in the biceps femoris (BF) muscle of goats. LRDS increased the glucose concentration (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), but reduced total amino acid concentration (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and tended to reduce blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration (<em>P</em> = 0.062) in plasma of goats. The mRNA expression of insulin receptors (<em>INSR</em>), glucose transporter 4 (<em>GLUT4</em>), L-type amino acid transporter 1 (<em>LAT1</em>) and 4F2 heavy chain (<em>4F2hc</em>) in BF muscle, and sodium-glucose cotransporters 1 (<em>SGLT1</em>) and glucose transporter 2 (<em>GLUT2</em>) in the small intestine were significantly increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in LRDS goats. LRDS also led to marked activation of p70-S6 kinase (S6K) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), but lower activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Our findings suggested that reducing the content of dietary RDS enhanced postruminal starch digestion and increased plasma glucose, thereby improving amino acid utilization and promoting protein synthesis in the skeletal muscle of goats via the AMPK-mTOR pathway. These changes may contribute to improvement in growth performance and carcass traits in LRDS goats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d6/7d/main.PMC9981809.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10848383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Litsea cubeba essential oil supplementation improves growth performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets","authors":"Zhe Yang ,&nbsp;Fang Wang ,&nbsp;Yexin Yin ,&nbsp;Peng Huang ,&nbsp;Qian Jiang ,&nbsp;Zhimou Liu ,&nbsp;Yulong Yin ,&nbsp;Jiashun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2022.11.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2022.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper was to determine the effects of dietary <em>Litsea cubeba</em> essential oil (LEO) supplementation on growth performance, immune function, antioxidant level, intestinal morphology and microbial composition in weaned piglets. One hundred and ninety-two piglets (Duroc × [Large White × Landrace]) with 6.85 ± 0.22 kg mean body weight weaned at 21 d of age were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups with 8 replicates and were fed with a basal diet (CON) or CON diet containing 100 (LLEO), 200 (MLEO) and 400 (HLEO) mg/kg LEO. The results revealed that HLEO supplementation (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) increased the average daily gain on d 28 compared with CON. MLEO and HLEO supplementation decreased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) feed conversion ratio. LEO-containing diets had a lower (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) diarrhea rate. Supplementation with HLEO increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) both in the serum and liver. Meanwhile, the supplementation of MLEO and HLEO resulted in higher (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05) glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities both in serum and liver. Supplementation of HLEO increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) serum immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G and interleukin-10, whereas supplementation with MLEO and HLEO decreased (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05) tumor necrosis factor-α. Villus height in the duodenum or jejunum was increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in the HLEO group, and the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum was also improved (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05) in the MLEO group. The addition of LEO increased (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05) the richness and diversity of the microbial community in the cecum, which mainly increased the relative abundance of <em>Oscillospiraceae</em><em>_UCG-005, Faecalibacterium, Blautia</em> and <em>Coprococcus</em>. Piglets supplemented with HLEO increased (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05) the concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), including acetic acid in the cecum and propionic acid in the colon. In conclusion, these findings indicated that LEO supplementation improved growth performance and intestinal health in weaned piglets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 9-18"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50193352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria, as an alternative to antibiotics, on regulation of intestinal health and the immune system","authors":"Shuo Yang,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Xu,&nbsp;Qing Peng,&nbsp;Lan Ma,&nbsp;Yu Qiao,&nbsp;Bo Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over-use or misuse of antibiotics in livestock and poultry production contributes to the rising threat of antibiotic resistance in animals and has negative ecological effects. Exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria (LAB-EPS) are a class of biological macromolecules which are secreted by lactic acid bacteria to the outside of the cell wall during their growth and metabolism. Numerous studies demonstrated that LAB-EPS have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities and are able to regulate intestinal health and the immune system in livestock. They are biodegradable, nontoxic and bio-compatible, which are considered as ideal alternatives to antibiotics. This review aims to discuss and summarize recent research findings of LAB-EPS on regulation of intestinal health and the immune system in animals, and thus provide scientific justification for commercial applications of LAB-EPS in livestock.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 78-89"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10070398/pdf/main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9270248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplementing oat hulls to the diet of suckling piglets altered their intestinal tract and colonic microbiota development","authors":"Hubèrt M.J. van Hees ,&nbsp;Koen Chiers ,&nbsp;Leo A. den Hartog ,&nbsp;Theo A.T.G. van Kempen ,&nbsp;Dominiek Maes ,&nbsp;Sam Millet ,&nbsp;Geert P.J. Janssens","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2022.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2022.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Current study evaluated the effect of a fine and coarsely ground insoluble dietary fibre source on the gastrointestinal development of suckling pigs. Oat hulls (OH) were selected as a model feedstuff, rich in cellulose, lignin, and insoluble dietary fibre. Three experimental supplemental diets were formulated: a finely ground, low fibre and nutrient dense diet served as control (CON). For the 2 high fibre diets, 15% heat-treated starch in CON was exchanged with OH, either finely (OH-f) or coarsely ground (OH-c). Litters of 10 primi- and multiparous sows (mean litter size 14.6 ± 0.84) were used. Within a litter, experimental diets were allotted to triplets of 4 piglets. From approximately 12 d of age, piglets’ individual feed intakes were recorded 2 times per day when separated from their dam for 70 min. Piglets could suckle with their dam for the remainder of the day. On d 24 and 25, from the total pool of 120 piglets, seven healthy well-eating piglets per treatment were selected for post-mortem evaluation, resulting in 14 replicates per treatment. Consumption of OH-c and OH-f did not impede clinical health and production performance of piglets. The full stomach weights tended to be greater for OH-c compared to OH-f whereas CON was intermediate (<em>P</em> = 0.083). Supplementing OH significantly increased ileal villus height and caecal dry matter concentration (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). For the colon, OH increased its length, contents weight, short-chain fatty acid concentration and reduced total bacterial count as well as γ-proteobacteria count and proportion (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The OH-c treatment specifically increased full gastrointestinal tract weight and caecum contents weight compared to piglets fed CON and OH-f. Furthermore, OH-c reduced colonic crypt depth when compared to OH-f (<em>P</em> = 0.018). In conclusion, supplementing OH to a diet for suckling piglets exerted subtle developmental effects on gastrointestinal morphology and colonic microbial community. These effects were largely independent from the particle size of the OH.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"Pages 284-296"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10065989/pdf/main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9616886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restricted feeding regimens improve white striping associated muscular defects in broiler chickens","authors":"Hammed Ayansola ,&nbsp;Yanhui Luo ,&nbsp;Yan Wan,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Yu,&nbsp;Jiaqi Lei,&nbsp;Kewei Yu,&nbsp;Chaoyong Liao,&nbsp;Yuming Guo,&nbsp;Bingkun Zhang,&nbsp;Bo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2022.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2022.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current study investigated the effects of intermittent feeding (IF) and fasting strategies at different times post–hatch on muscle growth and white striping (WS) breast development. In the first trial, 32 one-day-old Abor Acre broilers were fed ad libitum (AL) for 3 d post–hatch and then randomly allotted into 4 feeding strategies including AL, 1h-IF group (1 h IF, 4 times feeding/d, 1 h each time), 1.5h-IF (1.5 h IF, 4 times feeding/d, 1.5 h each time), and fasting (1d acute fasting, 6 d free access to feed) groups and fed for 7 d. Although angiogenic genes including <em>VEGFA</em>, <em>VEGFR1</em>, and <em>VEGFR2</em>, and myogenic genes including <em>MYOG</em> and <em>MYOD</em> were upregulated (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), the breast muscle satellite cell (SC) number and <em>PAX7</em>, <em>MYF5</em> expression were decreased by the IF strategies (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). One-day fasting at 6 d of age also upregulated angiogenic genes and <em>MYOD</em> expression (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), downregulated <em>MYF5</em> expression (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), but did not change SC number (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). In the second trial, 384 one-day-old birds were fed AL for 1 wk and then randomly allotted to the above 4 feeding strategies starting at 8 d of age until 42 d of age. Similarly, IF and fasting strategies upregulated the expression of angiogenic and myogenic genes (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Both 1h-IF and 1.5h-IF increased breast muscle SC number (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). At slaughter, breast muscle fiber diameter of 1.5h-IF was smaller but the SC number was larger than that of the birds fed AL (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The IF and fasting strategies prevented WS development, and reduced breast WS scores and triglyceride content (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) without changing the body weight (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). Fasting and 1h-IF reduced the expression of adipogenic genes <em>ZNF423</em> and <em>PDGFRα</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Moreover, IF and fasting strategies reduced fibrosis in breast muscle and reduced skeletal muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases (TRIM63 and MAFBX) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Fasting significantly reduced CASPASE-3 in breast muscle (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, IF starting in the first week decreases SC number. Compared to AL, IF or fasting promotes muscular angiogenesis, increases SC number, prevents muscle degeneration, and prevents the development of WS without impairing the growth performance of broiler chickens.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"Pages 128-137"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/65/fa/main.PMC9841233.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10585390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of riboflavin deficiency on intestinal morphology, jejunum mucosa proteomics, and cecal microbiota of Pekin ducks","authors":"Yaxi Xu ,&nbsp;Bo Zhang ,&nbsp;Rui Zhao,&nbsp;Kexin Gao,&nbsp;Suyun Liang,&nbsp;Yongbao Wu,&nbsp;Yongsheng Hao,&nbsp;Dapeng Liu,&nbsp;Zhanbao Guo,&nbsp;Jian Hu,&nbsp;Zhengkui Zhou,&nbsp;Ming Xie,&nbsp;Jing Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2022.09.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2022.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study was to determine the effects of riboflavin deficiency (RD) on intestinal development, jejunum mucosa proteome, cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) profiling, and cecal microbial diversity and community of starter Pekin ducks. Male white Pekin ducks (1 d old, <em>n =</em> 240) were allocated into 2 groups, with 12 replicates and 10 birds per replicate in each group. For 21 d, all ducks had ad libitum access to either an RD or a riboflavin adequate (control, CON) diet, formulated by supplementing a basal diet with 0 or 10 mg riboflavin per kg of diet, respectively. Compared to the CON group, growth retardation, high mortality, and poor riboflavin status were observed in the RD group. Furthermore, RD reduced the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of jejunum and ileum (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), indicating morphological alterations of the small intestine. In addition, dietary RD enhanced relative cecum weight and decreased cecal SCFA concentrations (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), including propionate, isobutyrate, butyrate, and isovalerate. The jejunum mucosa proteomics showed that 208 proteins were upregulated and 229 proteins were downregulated in the RD group compared to those in the CON group. Among these, RD mainly suppressed intestinal absorption and energy generation processes such as glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, fatty acid beta oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, leading to impaired ATP generation. In addition, RD decreased the community richness and diversity of the bacterial community in the cecum of ducks. Specifically, RD reduced the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria in the cecum (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), such as <em>Eubacterium coprostanoligenes</em>, <em>Prevotella</em> and <em>Faecalibacterium</em>. Dietary RD resulted in growth depression and intestinal hypofunction of Pekin ducks, which could be associated with impaired intestinal absorption and energy generation processes in intestinal mucosa, as well as gut microbiota dysbiosis. These findings contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms of intestinal hypofunction due to RD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"Pages 215-226"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ff/94/main.PMC9860382.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10639681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}