Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Host gut-derived Bacillus probiotics supplementation improves growth performance, serum and liver immunity, gut health, and resistive capacity against Vibrio harveyi infection in hybrid grouper (♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂Epinephelus lanceolatus)","authors":"Kwaku Amoah ,&nbsp;Beiping Tan ,&nbsp;Shuang Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuyan Chi ,&nbsp;Qihui Yang ,&nbsp;Hongyu Liu ,&nbsp;Yuanzhi Yang ,&nbsp;Haitao Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Several reports have revealed the vital role that probiotics play in fish growth and health. However, few works are available for host gut-derived probiotics on the growth, immunity, and gut microbiota of fish, especially in hybrid grouper (♀<em>Epinephelus fuscoguttatus</em> × ♂<em>Epinephelus lanceolatus</em>) due to their isolation difficulty and functional verification. This study aimed at assessing 3 host gut-derived <em>Bacillus</em> species' effects on the growth, immune and antioxidant-biochemical responses, haematological parameters, intestinal morphology, immune-related gene expression, gut microbiota, and disease resistance against <em>Vibrio harveyi</em> in hybrid grouper. A total of 480 hybrid grouper (initial weight = 9.03 ± 0.02 g) were randomly allotted into 4 groups, namely, the group fed a basal diet without probiotic inclusion (control, B0), the group fed the basal diet with <em>Bacillus velezensis</em> GPSAK4 (BV), the group fed the basal diet with <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> GPSAK9 (BS), and the group fed the basal diet with <em>Bacillus tequilensis</em> GPSAK2 (BT) strains at 1.0 × 10⁹ CFU/g. After a 6-week feeding trial, the results revealed significant improvements (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in the growth performance, whole fish-body proximate composition, blood haematological parameters, serum, liver, and intestinal biochemical indexes, intestinal morphology, and protection against <em>V</em>. <em>harveyi</em> pathogen in the probiotic-treated groups compared with the untreated. Additionally, the expressions of intestinal tight junction genes (occludin and <em>ZO1</em>), pro- and anti-inflammatory genes, including <em>IL1β</em>, <em>IL6</em>, <em>IL8</em>, <em>TNFα</em>, <em>MyD88</em>, <em>IL10</em>, and <em>TGFβ</em>, were upregulated (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) after <em>Bacillus</em> species administration. Host gut-derived <em>Bacillus</em> supplementation shaped the gut microbiota by significantly increasing (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria (except the BS group), Acidobacteria (except the BT group), Cyanobacteria (except the BV and BT groups), and Verrucomicrobia phyla, as well as known beneficial genera (<em>Romboutsia</em>, <em>Turicibacter</em>, <em>Epulopiscium</em>, <em>Clostridium_sensu_stricto</em> 1 and 13, <em>Lactobacillus</em>, and <em>Bacillus</em>), but significantly decreased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) the abundance of Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, and Fusobacteria phyla, and purported pathogenic genera (<em>Staphylococcus</em> and <em>Photobacterium</em>) compared with the control group. Collectively, the results suggest that <em>B</em>. <em>velezensis</em> GPSAK4, <em>B</em>. <em>subtilis</em> GPSAK9 (especially this strain), <em>B</em>. <em>tequilensis</em> GPSAK2 dietary supplementation at 1.0 × 10⁹ CFU/g has positive effects on the intestinal health of hybrid grouper via microbial composition modulation, thus enhancing the as","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50194264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to: “Absorption of methionine sources in animals—is there more to know?” — Yes, there is more to know!","authors":"Andreas Lemme,&nbsp;Juliano Cesar de Paula Dorigam,&nbsp;Stefan Mack","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.01.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/27/32/main.PMC10220464.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9548033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N-acyl homoserine lactonase attenuates the virulence of Salmonella typhimurium and its induction of intestinal damages in broilers","authors":"Weiwei Wang ,&nbsp;Yiliang Chen ,&nbsp;Hui Ye,&nbsp;Zemin Dong,&nbsp;Changming Zhang,&nbsp;Dingyuan Feng,&nbsp;Qingyun Cao,&nbsp;Shujie Liang,&nbsp;Jianjun Zuo","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to investigate the potential mitigating effects of N-acyl homoserine lactonase (AHLase) on the virulence of <em>Salmonella typhimurium</em> and its induction of intestinal damages in broilers. In vitro study was firstly conducted to examine if AHLase treatment could attenuate the virulence of <em>S. typhimurium</em>. Then, an in vivo experiment was performed by allocating 240 broiler chicks at 1 d old into 3 groups (8 replicates per group): negative control (NC), positive control (PC), and PC supplemented with 10,000 U/kg AHLase. All chicks except those in NC were orally challenged by <em>S. typhimurium</em> from 8 to 10 d of age. Parameters were measured on d 11 and 21. The results showed that treatment with 1 U/mL AHLase suppressed the biofilm-forming ability (including biofilm biomass, extracellular DNA secretion and biofilm formation-related gene expression), together with swarming motility and adhesive capacity of <em>S. typhimurium</em>. Supplemental 10,000 U/kg AHLase counteracted <em>S. typhimurium</em>-induced impairments (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in broiler growth performance (including final body weight, average daily gain and average daily feed intake) during either 1–11 d or 12–21 d, and increases (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in the indexes of liver, spleen and bursa of Fabricius on d 11, together with reductions (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in ileal villus height and its ratio to crypt depth on both d 11 and 21. AHLase addition also normalized the increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) mRNA expression of ileal occludin on both d 11 and 21 in <em>S. typhimurium</em>-challenged broilers. However, neither <em>S. typhimurium</em> challenge nor AHLase addition altered (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) serum diamine oxidase activity of broilers. Noticeably, <em>S. typhimurium</em> challenge caused little change in the mRNA expression of ileal inflammatory cytokines except for an increase (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in interleukin-8 expression on d 11, whereas AHLase addition normalized (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) this change. In conclusion, AHLase treatment could attenuate the virulence and pathogenicity of <em>S. typhimurium</em>, thus contributing to alleviate <em>S. typhimurium</em>-induced growth retardation and intestinal damages in broilers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50194585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary supplementation with 2-hydroxy-4-methyl(thio) butanoic acid and DL-methionine improves productive performance, egg quality and redox status of commercial laying ducks","authors":"Yanan Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Zhuang ,&nbsp;Tahir Mahmood ,&nbsp;Yves Mercier ,&nbsp;Yongyan Jin ,&nbsp;Xuebing Huang ,&nbsp;Kaichao Li ,&nbsp;Shuang Wang ,&nbsp;Weiguang Xia ,&nbsp;Shenglin Wang ,&nbsp;Miao Yu ,&nbsp;Wei Chen ,&nbsp;Chuntian Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This experiment aimed to study the effects of supplemental methionine sources, 2-hydroxy-4 methyl(thio) butanoic acid (HMTBa) and DL-Methionine (DL-Met), on productive performance, egg quality, and redox status of laying ducks. A total of 792 healthy 25-wk-old Longyan laying ducks with similar body weights were randomly allotted to 11 treatment groups. Each treatment group had 6 replicates of 12 ducks. The trial lasted for 16 wk. Ducks were fed a basal deficient diet (Met: 0.24%; Met + Cys: 0.51%) or supplemented with DL-Met or HMTBa at 0.05%, 0.12%, 0.19%, 0.26%, and 0.33% of diet, respectively. Compared with the basal diet, supplementation with either DL-Met or HMTBa increased the average egg weight, egg mass, and decreased feed to egg ratio during the whole trial period (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Albumen weight and its ratio to total egg weight were increased, but yolk and shell ratio, albumen height, Haugh unit and shell breaking strength were decreased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Dietary DL-Met or HMTBa supplementation increased taurine, methionine, leucine, tryptophan and arginine content, and decreased serine and lysine content in plasma (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The redox status of laying ducks was improved by enhancing the glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities, glutathione content and its ratio relative to glutathione (oxidized) content and decreasing malondialdehyde content and increasing mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase-1, glutathione peroxidase-1, hemeoxygenase-1 and nuclear factor-like 2 in liver and ileum with the supplementation of DL-Met or HMTBa (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Liver health status measured by average area proportion lipid droplet was improved with supplementation of DL-Met or HMTBa (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio in the ileum and the ileal gene expression of tight junction protein and occludin were increased with DL-Met or HMTBa supplementation (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Taken together, these results suggested that the efficacy of dietary supplementation of HMTBa was similar to DL-Met, and it ranged from 98% to 100% for productive performance and egg albumen ratio in laying ducks (25 to 41 wk).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cd/69/main.PMC10300065.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9737515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential use of garlic products in ruminant feeding: A review","authors":"He Ding ,&nbsp;Changjin Ao ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The addition of antibiotics as growth promoters to ruminant feed can result in bacterial resistance and antibiotic residues in ruminant products. Correspondingly, there is serious public concern regarding the presence of antibiotic residue in ruminant products and the consequent threat to human health. As a result, the addition of plants and their products to ruminant feeds, as an alternative to antibiotics, has received much attention recently. Garlic and its products are rich in organosulphur compounds, which have a variety of biological activities and have been widely used as natural additives in animal production. This review presents recent knowledge on the addition of garlic products (powder, skin, oil, leaf and extracts) to the diets of ruminants. In this paper, garlic products are evaluated with respect to their chemical composition, bioactive compounds, and their impacts on the rumen ecosystem, antioxidant status, immune response, parasitic infection, growth performance and product quality of ruminants. This review provides valuable guidance and a theoretical basis for the development of garlic products as green, highly efficient and safe additives, with the aims of promoting ruminant growth and health, reducing methane emissions and improving ruminant product quality. Garlic extracts have the potential to control parasite infections by decreasing the faecal egg count. Garlic powder, oil and allicin are able to reduce the methane emissions of ruminants. Organosulphur compounds such as allicin, which is present in garlic products, have the potential to inhibit membrane lipid synthesis of the archaeal community, thus influencing the population of methanogenic archaea and resulting in a reduction in methane emissions. Some garlic products are also able to increase the average daily gain (garlic skin, water extract, and leaf) and the feed conversion ratio (garlic skin and leaf) of ruminants. Garlic stalk silage fed to sheep has the potential to improve the nutritional value of mutton by increasing the concentrations of linoleic and linolenic acids and essential amino acids. Sheep fed a diet containing garlic powder or oil are able to produce milk with higher concentrations of the conjugated linoleic acids and n-3 fatty acids, which has health benefits for consumers, due to the widely recognized positive impact of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids on human heart health, improving platelet aggregation, vasodilation and thrombotic tendency. Overall, garlic products have the potential to enhance growth performance and product quality and reduce parasite infections, as well as methane emissions of ruminants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/40/29/main.PMC10448032.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10481856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endogenous chitinase might lead to differences in growth performance and intestinal health of piglets fed different levels of black soldier fly larva meal","authors":"Sujie Liu ,&nbsp;Jian Wang ,&nbsp;Longxian Li ,&nbsp;Yonggai Duan ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Zhang ,&nbsp;Tenghao Wang ,&nbsp;Jianjun Zang ,&nbsp;Xiangshu Piao ,&nbsp;Yongxi Ma ,&nbsp;Defa Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of black soldier fly (BSF) replacing soybean meal (SBM) in diets on the performance and health condition of piglets. A total of 180 weaned piglets were allocated into 5 treatments: BSF0 (corn-soybean meal basal diet), BSF25 (BSF replacing 25% SBM), BSF50 (BSF replacing 50% SBM), BSF75 (BSF replacing 75% SBM) and BSF100 (BSF replacing 100% SBM). During the whole period, in comparison with BSF0, average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake increased in the BSF25 and BSF50 groups, whereas ADG decreased in the BSF75 and BSF100 groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The result of quadratic fitting curve showed that piglets exhibited the highest ADG when BSF replaced around 20% SBM. Compared with BSF0, organic matter and dry matter digestibility improved in the BSF25 group, whereas ether extract digestibility decreased in the BSF100 group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In comparison with BSF0, piglets from the BSF25 group showed a higher duodenal ratio of villus height to crypt depth, increased jejunal sucrase activity, serum neuropeptide Y and ghrelin levels, elevated ileal immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgG and IgM contents and a lower leptin level, and piglets from the BSF100 group exhibited an increased relative weight of kidney (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in the expression level of tight junction proteins and chitin-degrading enzyme. Additionally, compared with BSF0, the abundance of short chain fatty acid producing bacteria such as Ruminococcaceae, <em>Faecalibacterium</em> and <em>Butyri</em><em>ci</em><em>coccus</em> increased, and potential pathogenic bacteria decreased in piglets from the BSF25 group, whereas piglets from the BSF100 group had a greater abundance of harmful bacteria. In conclusion, BSF replacing 25% SBM in diets could improve digestive parameters, immune function and intestinal microbiota, and thus improved growth performance of piglets. However, BSF replacing 100% SBM showed an adverse effect on piglet performance, and the reason might be related to the limited amount of chitin-degrading enzyme.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/76/2e/main.PMC10462805.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10118288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The direct and gut microbiota-mediated effects of dietary bile acids on the improvement of gut barriers in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","authors":"Rui Xia ,&nbsp;Qingshuang Zhang ,&nbsp;Dongmei Xia ,&nbsp;Qiang Hao ,&nbsp;Qianwen Ding ,&nbsp;Chao Ran ,&nbsp;Yalin Yang ,&nbsp;Aizhi Cao ,&nbsp;Zhen Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhigang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fish gut barrier damage under intensive culture model is a significant concern for aquaculture industry. This study aimed to investigate the effects of bile acids (BAs) on gut barriers in <em>Micropterus salmoides</em>. A germ-free (GF) zebrafish model was employed to elucidate the effects of the direct stimulation of BAs and the indirect regulations mediated by the gut microbiota on gut barrier functions. Four diets were formulated with BAs supplemented at 0, 150, 300 and 450 mg/kg, and these 4 diets were defined as control, BA150, BA300 and BA450, respectively. After 5 weeks of feeding experiment, the survival rate of fish fed with BA300 diet was increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Histological analysis revealed an improvement of gut structural integrity in the BA150 and BA300 groups. Compared with the control group, the expression of genes related to chemical barrier (mucin, lysozyme and complement 1) and physical barrier (occludin and claudin-4) was increased in the BA150 and BA300 groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and the expression of genes related to immunological barrier (interleukin [<em>IL</em>]-6, tumor growth factor β, <em>IL-10</em>, macrophage galactose-type lectin and immunoglobulin M [<em>IgM</em>]) was significantly increased in the BA300 group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), but the expression of genes related to chemical barrier (hepcidin) and immunological barrier (<em>IL-1β</em>, tumor necrosis factor<em>-α</em>, <em>IL-6</em> and arginase) was significantly decreased in the BA450 group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Gut microbiota composition analysis revealed that the abundance of Firmicutes was augmented prominently in the BA150 and BA300 groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), while that of Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria showed a downward trend in the BA150 and BA300 groups (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). The results of the gut microbiota transferring experiment demonstrated an upregulation of gut barrier-related genes, including immunoglobulin Z/T (<em>IgZ/T</em>), <em>IL-6</em>, <em>IL-1β</em> and <em>IL-10,</em> by the gut microbiota transferred from the BA300 group compared with the control (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Feeding the BA300 diet directly to GF zebrafish resulted in enhanced expression of <em>IgM</em>, <em>IgZ/T</em>, lysozyme, occludin-2, <em>IL-6</em> and <em>IL-10</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, BAs can improve the gut barriers of fish through both direct and indirect effects mediated by the gut microbiota.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50194181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Double-edged effect of sodium citrate in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Promoting lipid and protein deposition vs. causing hyperglycemia and insulin resistance","authors":"Jun-Xian Wang,&nbsp;Fang Qiao,&nbsp;Mei-Ling Zhang,&nbsp;Li-Qiao Chen,&nbsp;Zhen-Yu Du,&nbsp;Yuan Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Citrate is an essential substrate for energy metabolism that plays critical roles in regulating glucose and lipid metabolic homeostasis. However, the action of citrate in regulating nutrient metabolism in fish remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects of dietary sodium citrate on growth performance and systematic energy metabolism in juvenile Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>). A total of 270 Nile tilapia (2.81 ± 0.01 g) were randomly divided into three groups (3 replicates per group, 30 fish per replicate) and fed with control diet (35% protein and 6% lipid), 2% and 4% sodium citrate diets, respectively, for 8 weeks. The results showed that sodium citrate exhibited no effect on growth performance (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). The whole-body crude protein, serum triglyceride and hepatic glycogen contents were significantly increased in the 4% sodium citrate group (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05), but not in the 2% sodium citrate group (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). The 4% sodium citrate treatment significantly increased the serum glucose and insulin levels at the end of feeding trial and also in the glucose tolerance test (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05). The 4% sodium citrate significantly enhanced the hepatic phosphofructokinase activity and inhibited the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isozyme 2 and phosphor-pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha proteins (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05). Additionally, the 4% sodium citrate significantly increased hepatic triglyceride and acetyl-CoA levels, while the expressions of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1a protein were significantly down-regulated by the 4% sodium citrate (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05). Besides, the 4% sodium citrate induced crude protein deposition in muscle by activating mTOR signaling and inhibiting AMPK signaling (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05). Furthermore, the 4% sodium citrate significantly suppressed serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities, along with the lowered expression of pro-inflammatory genes, such as <em>nfκb</em>, <em>tnfα</em> and <em>il8</em> (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05). Although the 4% sodium citrate significantly increased phosphor-nuclear factor-kB p65 protein expression (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05), no significant tissue damage or inflammation occurred. Taken together, dietary supplementation of sodium citrate could exhibit a double-edged effect in Nile tilapia, with the positive aspect in promoting nutrient deposition and the negative aspect in causing hyperglycemia and insulin resistance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50194570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefits of tributyrin on growth performance, gastrointestinal tract development, ruminal bacteria and volatile fatty acid formation of weaned Small-Tailed Han lambs","authors":"Zhiwei Li ,&nbsp;Xueer Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Ran An ,&nbsp;Yaxin Wang ,&nbsp;Qingchang Ren ,&nbsp;Jingjing Xuan","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to determine the effects of tributyrin on growth performance, gastrointestinal tract development, ruminal bacteria and volatile fatty acid (VFA) formation. Thirty healthy weaned Small-Tailed Han female lambs at 3 months old with BW 27.5 ± 4.1 kg (mean ± SD) were randomly assigned to five groups of six lambs each, and each group received tributyrin at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 g/kg in feed. Weights were measured before the start and end of the study. After 15 d adaptation, DMI, feed, faeces and urine were recorded every week. Lambs were sacrificed at d 75. Compared to lambs fed no tributyrin, lambs fed 4.0 g/kg tributyrin had higher average daily BW gain (<em>P</em> = 0.04) and DMI (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Tributyrin reduced nitrogen (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), Ca (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and P (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) losses derived from faeces and urine. The mostly important, tributyrin increased dorsal sac thickness (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), papillae length (<em>P</em> = 0.04) and width (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), ventral sac papillae length (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and width (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), caudodorsal blind sac thickness (<em>P</em> = 0.02), papillae length (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and width (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, tributyrin increased thicknesses of both the duodenum (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and ileum (<em>P</em> = 0.01), and villus heights of the duodenum (<em>P</em> = 0.01), ileum (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), jejunum (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and caecum (<em>P</em> = 0.02), but tributyrin decreased duodenal (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and caecal crypt depths (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Tributyrin reduced rumen pH (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) while promoting total VFA concentration (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Tributyrin improved the structure of rumen bacteria by enhancing <em>Clostridium</em> (<em>P</em> = 0.04), <em>Butyrivibrio</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), <em>Streptococcus</em> (<em>P</em> = 0.04), <em>Prevotella</em> (<em>P</em> = 0.04), <em>Ruminobacter</em> (<em>P</em> = 0.02) and <em>Fibrobacter</em> (<em>P</em> = 0.03). In conclusion, tributyrin could stimulate gastrointestinal tract development by enhancing colonization of rumen VFA-producing bacteria, and dietary supplementation of tributyrin at 4.0 g/kg of DM was recommended for the weaned lambs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523001038/pdfft?md5=b875cd903910bedb922e67cba8cd832e&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523001038-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48129048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Replacing dietary sodium selenite with biogenic selenium nanoparticles improves the growth performance and gut health of early-weaned piglets","authors":"Lei Qiao ,&nbsp;Xina Dou ,&nbsp;Xiaofan Song ,&nbsp;Jiajing Chang ,&nbsp;Xiaonan Zeng ,&nbsp;Lixu Zhu ,&nbsp;Hongbo Yi ,&nbsp;Chunlan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are proposed as a safer and more effective selenium delivery system than sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃). Here, we investigated the effects of replacing dietary Na₂SeO₃ with SeNPs synthesized by <em>Lactobacillus casei</em> ATCC 393 on the growth performance and gut health of early-weaned piglets. Seventy-two piglets (<em>Duroc</em> × <em>Landrace</em> × <em>Large Yorkshire</em>) weaned at 21 d of age were divided into the control group (basal diet containing 0.3 mg Se/kg from Na₂SeO₃) and SeNPs group (basal diet containing 0.3 mg Se/kg from SeNPs) during a 14-d feeding period. The results revealed that SeNPs supplementation increased the average daily gain (<em>P</em> = 0.022) and average daily feed intake (<em>P</em> = 0.033), reduced (<em>P</em> = 0.056) the diarrhea incidence, and improved (<em>P</em> = 0.013) the feed conversion ratio compared with Na₂SeO₃. Additionally, SeNPs increased jejunal microvilli height (<em>P</em> = 0.006) and alleviated the intestinal barrier dysfunction by upregulating (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) the expression levels of mucin 2 and tight junction proteins, increasing (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) Se availability, and maintaining mitochondrial structure and function, thereby improving antioxidant capacity and immunity. Furthermore, metabolomics showed that SeNPs can regulate lipid metabolism and participate in the synthesis, secretion and action of parathyroid hormone, proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation and tricarboxylic acid cycle. Moreover, SeNPs increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) the abundance of <em>Holdemanella</em> and the levels of acetate and propionate. Correlation analysis suggested that <em>Holdemanella</em> was closely associated with the regulatory effects of SeNPs on early-weaned piglets through participating in lipid metabolism. Overall, replacing dietary Na₂SeO₃ with biogenic SeNPs could be a potential nutritional intervention strategy to prevent early-weaning syndrome in piglets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523001002/pdfft?md5=3ccedc70d5efb7c521c6f187953c9fb7&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523001002-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43173867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}