Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Formation of RRR-α-tocopherol in rumen and intestinal digestibility of tocopherols in dairy cows","authors":"Saman Lashkari, Farhad M. Panah, Martin R. Weisbjerg, Søren K. Jensen","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tocopherol sources in diets are often a combination of <em>all-rac</em>-α-tocopheryl acetate (synthetic α-tocopherol) from vitamin supplements and natural tocopherols and 2R-(4′R, 8′R)-5,7,8-trimethyltocotrienol (α-tocotrienols) from the feed sources. Synthetic α-tocopherol consists of 8 different stereoisomers including 2R-(4′R, 8′R)-5,7,8-trimethyltocol (<em>RRR</em>-α-tocopherol), 2R-(4′S, 8′R)-5,7,8-trimethyltocol (<em>RSR</em>-α-tocopherol), 2R-(4′R, 8′S)-5,7,8-trimethyltocol (<em>RRS</em>-α-tocopherol), 2R-(4′S, 8′S)-5,7,8-trimethyltocol (<em>RSS</em>-α-tocopherol), 2S-(4′S, 8′S)-5,7,8-trimethyltocol (<em>SSS</em>-α-tocopherol), 2S-(4′R, 8′S)-5,7,8-trimethyltocol (<em>SRS</em>-α-tocopherol), 2S-(4′S, 8′R)-5,7,8-trimethyltocol (<em>SSR</em>-α-tocopherol), and 2S-(4′R, 8′R)-5,7,8-trimethyltocol (<em>SRR</em>-α-tocopherol). The pre-absorption metabolism of tocopherols and tocotrienols in ruminants differs from monogastric animals due to the extensive microbial fermentation in the anaerobic rumen. The current study investigated the impact of toasting and decortication of oats on metabolism in the digestive tract (synthesis, digestion), and intestinal digestibility of tocopherols in dairy cows by using 4 ruminal and intestinal cannulated Danish Holstein cows in a 4 × 4 Latin square design for 4 periods. Cows were fed a total mixed ration ad libitum containing different forms of oats: whole oat, decorticated oat, toasted oat, and decorticated toasted oat, all rolled before mixed ration. Overall means across 4 treatments were statistically analyzed, testing whether overall means were different from zero. Decortication or toasting did not affect the balance or digestibility of α-tocopherols in rumen. Average across treatments showed the ruminal degradation of synthetic α-tocopherol (279 mg/d, <em>P</em> = 0.02; <em>P</em>-value shows that average across treatments is different from zero), synthetic 2R-α-tocopherol (133 mg/d, <em>P</em> < 0.01; summation of <em>RRS</em>-, <em>RSR</em>- and <em>RSS</em>-α-tocopherol), and 2S-α-tocopherol (190 mg/d; <em>P</em> < 0.01, summation of <em>SSS</em>-, <em>SRS</em>-, <em>SSR</em>, and <em>SRR</em>-α-tocopherol), while <em>RRR</em>-α-tocopherol was formed in the rumen (221 mg/d, <em>P</em> = 0.10). The average across treatments showed that small intestinal digestibility of tocopherols ranked in the following order: α-tocotrienol > natural α-tocopherol > synthetic α-tocopherols > 2R-(4′R, 8′R)-,7,8-dimethyltocol (γ-tocopherol). The average across treatments for small intestinal and feed-ileum digestibility ranked in the following order: <em>RRR</em>-α-tocopherol > synthetic 2R-α-tocopherol > 2S-α-tocopherol. Results showed the first evidence for <em>RRR</em>-α-tocopherol formation under anaerobic conditions in the rumen. In addition, synthetic α-tocopherol stereoisomers, γ-tocopherol and α-tocotrienol were degraded in the rumen. There was a discrimination against absorption of synt","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 350-363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523001166/pdfft?md5=06802c67ab5b6a5f7bf511fe0ba32ce1&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523001166-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135200204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of xylanase, protease, and xylo-oligosaccharides on growth performance, nutrient utilization, short chain fatty acids, and microbiota in Eimeria-challenged broiler chickens fed high fiber diet","authors":"Yang Lin ,&nbsp;Jeferson M. Lourenco ,&nbsp;Oluyinka A. Olukosi","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A 21-d experiment was conducted to study the effect of xylanase, protease, and xylo-oligosaccharides on growth performance, nutrient utilization, gene expression of nutrient transporters, cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and cecal microbiota profile of broilers challenged with mixed <em>Eimeria</em> spp. The study utilized 392 zero-d-old male broiler chicks allocated to 8 treatments in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, as follows: corn-soybean meal diet with no enzyme (Con); Con plus xylanase alone (XYL); Con plus xylanase combined with protease (XYL + PRO); or Con plus xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS); with or without <em>Eimeria</em> challenge. Diets were based on a high-fiber (100 g/kg soluble fibers and 14 g/kg insoluble fibers) basal diet. At d 15, birds in challenged treatment were gavaged with a solution containing <em>Eimeria maxima</em>, <em>Eimeria acervulina</em>, and <em>Eimeria tenella</em> oocysts. At d 21, birds were sampled. <em>Eimeria</em> depressed (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) growth performance and nutrient utilization, whereas supplementation had no effect. There were significant <em>Eimeria</em> × supplementation interactions for the sugar transporters <em>GLUT5</em> (<em>P</em> = 0.02), <em>SGLT1</em> (<em>P</em> = 0.01), <em>SGLT4</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), and peptide transporter <em>PepT1</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) in jejunal mucosa. <em>Eimeria</em> challenge increased the expression of <em>GM-CSF2</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and <em>IL-17</em> (<em>P</em> = 0.04) but decreased (<em>P</em> = 0.03) <em>IL-1β</em> expression in the cecal tonsil. <em>Eimeria</em> × supplementation interactions for cecal acetate, butyrate, and total SCFA showed that concentrations increased or tended to be greater in the supplemented treatments, but only in non-challenged birds. Birds challenged with <em>Eimeria</em> spp. had higher concentrations of isobutyrate (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), isovalerate (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), and valerate (<em>P</em> = 0.02) in cecal content. <em>Eimeria</em> challenge significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) decreased the microbial richness and diversity, and increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) the proportion of <em>Anaerostipes butyraticus</em>, <em>Bifidobacterium pseudolongum</em>, and <em>Lactobacillus pontis</em>. In conclusion, <em>Eimeria</em> infection depressed growth performance, nutrient utilization with regulating nutrient transporters. Furthermore, <em>Eimeria</em> challenge shifted the microbial profile and reduced microbial richness and diversity. On the other hand, enzyme supplementation showed limited benefits, which included increased concentrations of SCFA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 430-442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523001154/pdfft?md5=16b5329f36ea5281315e574d40d4f074&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523001154-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135249133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Effects on reproductive and productive performance and meat quality in rabbit breeding","authors":"Stella Agradi ,&nbsp;Majlind Sulce ,&nbsp;Laura Menchetti ,&nbsp;Daniele Vigo ,&nbsp;Marta Castrica ,&nbsp;Olimpia Barbato ,&nbsp;Egon Andoni ,&nbsp;Alda Quattrone ,&nbsp;Albana Munga ,&nbsp;Maria Laura Marongiu ,&nbsp;Giulio Curone ,&nbsp;Gabriele Brecchia","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rabbit breeding has many critical aspects related to reproduction, production, and animal welfare, which reduce its profitability as well as consumer attractiveness. Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) seems to be a good nutritional strategy to improve several aspects of rabbit breeding, enhance animal welfare and produce a new functional food considered healthy for human consumption. For this reason, the main available scientific research regarding the physiological effects of n-3 PUFA rich products supplemented to the rabbit diet will be reviewed. In particular, consequences on the reproductive performances of both doe and buck, the productive parameters, and the meat quality will be analysed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 70-78"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fd/74/main.PMC10220468.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9548041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 protect chicks from damage caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis colonization","authors":"Shu Wu ,&nbsp;Qianyun Zhang ,&nbsp;Guanglei Cong,&nbsp;Yunqi Xiao,&nbsp;Yiru Shen,&nbsp;Shan Zhang,&nbsp;Wenchang Zhao,&nbsp;Shourong Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As a foodborne pathogen of global importance, <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serovar Enteritidis (<em>S.</em> Enteritidis) is a threat to public health that is mainly spread by poultry products. Intestinal Enterobacteriaceae can inhibit the colonization of <em>S.</em> Enteritidis and are regarded as a potential antibiotic substitute. We investigated, in chicks, the anti-<em>S.</em> Enteritidis effects of <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) Nissle 1917, the most well-known probiotic member of Enterobacteriaceae. Eighty 1-d-old healthy female AA broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups, with 20 in each group, namely the negative control (group P), the <em>E. coli</em> Nissle 1917-treated group (group N), the <em>S</em>. Enteritidis-infected group (group S) and the <em>E. coli</em> Nissle 1917-treated and <em>S</em>. Enteritidis-infected group (group NS). From d 5 to 7, chicks in groups N and NS were orally gavaged once a day with <em>E. coli</em> Nissle 1917 and in groups P and S were administered the same volume of sterile PBS. At d 8, the chicks in groups S and NS were orally gavaged with <em>S</em>. Enteritidis and in groups P and N were administered the same volume of sterile PBS. Sampling was conducted 24 h after challenge. Results showed that gavage of <em>E. coli</em> Nissle 1917 reduced the spleen index, <em>Salmonella</em> loads, and inflammation (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). It improved intestinal morphology and intestinal barrier function (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). <em>S.</em> Enteritidis infection significantly reduced mRNA expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (<em>ACE2</em>) and solute carrier family 6-member 19 (<em>SLC6A19</em>) in the cecum and the content of Gly, Ser, Gln, and Trp in the serum (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Pretreatment with <em>E. coli</em> Nissle 1917 yielded mRNA expression of <em>ACE2</em> and <em>SLC6A19</em> in the cecum and levels of Gly, Ser, Gln, and Trp in the serum similar to that of uninfected chicks (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, <em>E. coli</em> Nissle 1917 altered cecum microbiota composition and enriched the abundance of <em>E. coli</em>, Lactobacillales, and Lachnospiraceae. These findings reveal that the probiotic <em>E. coli</em> Nissle 1917 reduced <em>S.</em> Enteritidis infection and shows enormous potential as an alternative to antibiotics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 450-460"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50194537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acid tolerance of lactate-utilizing bacteria of the order Bacteroidales contributes to prevention of ruminal acidosis in goats adapted to a high-concentrate diet","authors":"Zhongyan Lu ,&nbsp;Lingmeng Kong ,&nbsp;Shenhao Ren ,&nbsp;Jörg R. Aschenbach ,&nbsp;Hong Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid accumulation of organic acids, particularly lactate, has been suggested as the main cause of ruminal acidosis (RA) for ruminants fed high-concentrate diets. Previous research has shown that a gradual shift from low-to high-concentrate diets within 4 to 5 weeks effectively reduces the risk for RA. However, the mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, 20 goats were randomly allocated into four groups (<em>n</em> = 5) and fed with a diet containing a weekly increasing concentrate portion of 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% over 28 d. At d 7, 14, 21, and 28, one group (named C20, C40, C60, and C80 according to the last concentrate level that they received) was killed and the ruminal microbiome was collected. Ruminal acidosis was not detected in any of the goats during the experiment. Nonetheless, ruminal pH dropped sharply from 6.2 to 5.7 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) when dietary concentrate increased from 40% to 60%. A combined metagenome and metatranscriptome sequencing approach identified that this was linked to a sharp decrease in the abundance and expression of genes encoding nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent lactate dehydrogenase (nLDH), catalyzing the enzymatic conversion of pyruvate to lactate (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), whereas the expression of two genes encoding NAD-independent lactate dehydrogenase (iLDH), catalyzing lactate oxidation to pyruvate, showed no significant concomitant change. Abundance and expression alterations for nLDH- and iLDH-encoding genes were attributable to bacteria from Clostridiales and Bacteroidales, respectively. By analyzing the gene profiles of 9 metagenome bins (MAG) with nLDH-encoding genes and 5 MAG with iLDH-encoding genes, we identified primary and secondary active transporters as being the major types of sugar transporter for lactate-producing bacteria (LPB) and lactate-utilizing bacteria (LUB), respectively. Furthermore, more adenosine triphosphate was required for the phosphorylation of sugars to initiate their catabolic pathways in LPB compared to LUB. Thus, the low dependence of sugar transport systems and catabolic pathways on primary energy sources supports the acid tolerance of LUB from Bacteroidales. It favors ruminal lactate utilization during the adaptation of goats to a high-concentrate diet. This finding has valuable implications for the development of measures to prevent RA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 130-140"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1d/e9/main.PMC10314236.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9801302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carotenoid enrichment in eggs: From biochemistry perspective","authors":"Dieudonné M. Dansou,&nbsp;Huiyan Zhang,&nbsp;Yanan Yu,&nbsp;Hao Wang,&nbsp;Chaohua Tang,&nbsp;Qingyu Zhao,&nbsp;Yuchang Qin,&nbsp;Junmin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The emergence of safe and functional eggs for consumer acceptance has gained focus. The production of carotenoid-enriched eggs has received attention due to its multifunctional biological properties. Nutritional modification of laying hens’ diet can be a strategy to produce such eggs. This review presents the chemistry of carotenoids in nature and eggs, the accumulation process of carotenoids into eggs, and the functions of carotenoids in eggs. Our findings showed that carotenoids can be deposited into the egg and contribute to improving its nutritive value. The biosynthesis, chemical structure, and metabolism pathways of carotenoids lead to the deposition of carotenoids into eggs in their original or metabolized forms. Also, some factors modulate the efficiency of carotenoids in fowls before accumulation into eggs. Carotenoid-enriched eggs may be promising, ensuring the availability of highly nutritive eggs. However, further studies are still needed to comprehend the full metabolism process and the extensive functions of carotenoids in eggs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 315-333"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f1/37/main.PMC10448277.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10464065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of dietary crude protein concentrations, grain types and arginine:lysine ratios on the performance of broiler chickens","authors":"Shemil P. Macelline ,&nbsp;Peter V. Chrystal ,&nbsp;Chanon Inanan ,&nbsp;Mehdi Toghyani ,&nbsp;Peter H. Selle ,&nbsp;Sonia Yun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) concentrations, grain types and arginine:lysine ratios on performance parameters of broiler chickens. The 2 × 2 × 2 factorial array of dietary treatments harnessed two CP concentrations (210 and 170 g/kg), two feed grains (wheat and sorghum), and two arginine:lysine ratios (104 and 110). Each dietary treatment was offered to 7 replicates of 14 birds per floor pen, a total of 784 off-sex male, Ross 308 broilers, from 14 to 35 d post-hatch. The dietary CP reduction compromised weight gain by 10.0% (2078 versus 2310 g/bird) as a main effect and FCR by 7.51% (1.474 versus 1.371), subject to an interaction. In a three-way interaction (<em>P</em> = 0.008), expanded arginine:lysine ratios improved FCR by 2.30% in 170 g/kg CP, sorghum-based diets but compromised FCR by 2.12% in corresponding wheat-based diets. Sorghum was the more suitable feed grain in reduced-CP diets as sorghum generated significant advantages in weight gain of 7.59% (2154 versus 2002 g/kg) and FCR of 6.94% (1.421 versus 1.527) in birds offered 170 g/kg CP diets. Both dietary CP and feed grain generated significant and divergent impacts in apparent ileal digestibility coefficients for the majority of 16 assessed amino acids. Dietary CP reductions increased non-bound amino acid inclusions (NBAA) in wheat-based diets (48.96 versus 9.80 g/kg) to a greater extent than sorghum-based diets (35.3 versus 9.50 g/kg) and increasing dietary NBAA inclusions were linearly associated with compromised weight gain (<em>r</em> = −0.834; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and FCR (<em>r</em> = 0.862; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Increasing ratios of free arginine to lysine plasma concentrations were linearly (<em>r</em> = −0.466; <em>P</em> = 0.004) related to improvements in FCR. The implications of the observed outcomes are discussed and possible explanations are advanced.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 259-268"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10432908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10051629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary emodin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal mucosal barrier injury by regulating gut microbiota in piglets","authors":"Wenjuan Xun ,&nbsp;Mengyao Ji ,&nbsp;Zhonghua Ma ,&nbsp;Tanjie Deng ,&nbsp;Wen Yang ,&nbsp;Guanyu Hou ,&nbsp;Liguang Shi ,&nbsp;Ting Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study was to determine the effects of dietary emodin (ED) on the intestinal mucosal barrier, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathways, and gut microbial flora in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets were chosen and 4 treatments were created by randomly distributing piglets into CON, ED, LPS, and ED_LPS groups. Experiments were done in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement and maintained for 21 d. Dietary treatment (a basal diet or 300 mg/kg ED) and immunological challenge (LPS or sterile saline) were 2 major factors. Intraperitoneal injections of LPS or sterilized saline were given to piglets on d 21. Six hours after the LPS challenge, all piglets were euthanized for sample collection and analysis. The results showed that piglets of the ED_LPS group had higher (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) villus height to crypt depth ratio (VCR), and lower (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) plasma D-lactate and diamine oxidase (DAO) than the LPS group. Furthermore, ED inhibited (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) the decrease of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activities and increase of malonaldehyde level (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in jejunal mucosa induced by LPS. The mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes (<em>IL-6, IL-1β,</em> and <em>TNF-α)</em> were significantly reduced (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and the mRNA levels of antioxidant enzyme genes (<em>GPX-1</em>, <em>SOD2</em> and <em>CAT</em>), as well as protein and mRNA levels of tight junction proteins (occludin, claudin-1, and <em>ZO-1</em>), were also significantly increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) by ED addition in LPS-induced piglets. Meanwhile, ED supplementation significantly decreased the LPS-induced protein levels of cyclooxygenase-2 and phosphorylation levels of NF-κB p65 and IκBα in jejunal mucosa. Emodin had a significant effect on the composition of gut microbial flora at various taxonomic positions as indicated by 16S RNA sequencing. The acetic acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, and isovaleric acid concentrations in the cecum were also increased by ED addition in pigs (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the correlation analysis revealed that some intestinal microbiota had a potential relationship with jejunal VCR, plasma D-lactate and DAO, jejunal mucosa GSH-Px and CAT activity, and cecal short-chain fatty acid concentration. These data suggest that ED is effective in alleviating LPS-induced intestinal mucosal barrier injury by modulating gut microbiota in piglets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 152-162"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a0/07/main.PMC10344667.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9825377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio modulates growth performance in spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus) through regulating lipid metabolism, hepatic antioxidant capacity and intestinal health","authors":"Yanzou Dong ,&nbsp;Yu Wei ,&nbsp;Ling Wang ,&nbsp;Kai Song ,&nbsp;Chunxiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Kangle Lu ,&nbsp;Samad Rahimnejad","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An 8-week feeding experiment was carried out to explore the effects of dietary n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio on growth performance, lipid metabolism, hepatic antioxidant status, and gut flora of spotted seabass (<em>Lateolabrax maculatus</em>). Six experimental diets were formulated to contain different levels of two purified oil sources including docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids enriched oil (n-3) and linoleic acid-enriched oil (n-6) leading to n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios of 0.04, 0.35, 0.66, 1.35, 2.45 and 16.17. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of juvenile <em>L. maculatus</em> (11.06 ± 0.20 g, 30 fish/tank). Final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rates (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and feed utilization efficiency increased as n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio increased up to a certain level, and then decreased thereafter. Fish fed the diet with n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio of 0.66 exhibited the highest FBW, WG, SGR and PER and the lowest feed conversion ratio. Lower n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios induced up-regulated expression of lipid synthesis-related genes (<em>fas</em>, <em>acc2</em> and <em>srebp-1c</em>) and down-regulated expression of lipolysis related genes (<em>atgl</em>, <em>pparα</em>, <em>cpt-1</em> and <em>aox</em>). Higher expression of lipolysis-related genes (<em>atgl</em>, <em>pparα</em> and <em>cpt-1</em>) was recorded at moderate n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios (0.66 to 1.35). Moreover, inappropriate n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios triggered up-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes (<em>il-6</em> and <em>tnf-α</em>) and down-regulation of anti-inflammatory genes (<em>il-4</em> and <em>il-10</em>) in the intestine. The diet with n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio of 0.66 inhibited intestine inflammation, improved intestinal flora richness, increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as <em>Lactobacillus, Alloprevotella</em> and <em>Ruminococcus</em>, and reduced the abundance of harmful bacteria including <em>Escherichia-Shigella</em> and <em>Enterococcus</em>. In summary, it could be suggested that a dietary n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio of 0.66 can improve growth performance and feed utilization in <em>L. maculatus</em>, as is deemed to be mediated through regulation of lipid metabolism and intestinal flora.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 20-31"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50194152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uridine alleviates high-carbohydrate diet-induced metabolic syndromes by activating sirt1/AMPK signaling pathway and promoting glycogen synthesis in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","authors":"Nan-Nan Zhou,&nbsp;Tong Wang,&nbsp;Yu-Xin Lin,&nbsp;Rong Xu,&nbsp;Hong-Xia Wu,&nbsp;Fei-Fei Ding,&nbsp;Fang Qiao,&nbsp;Zhen-Yu Du,&nbsp;Mei-Ling Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbohydrates have a protein sparing effect, but long-term feeding of a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) leads to metabolic disorders due to the limited utilization efficiency of carbohydrates in fish. How to mitigate the negative effects induced by HCD is crucial for the rapid development of aquaculture. Uridine is a pyrimidine nucleoside that plays a vital role in regulating lipid and glucose metabolism, but whether uridine can alleviate metabolic syndromes induced by HCD remains unknown. In this study, a total of 480 Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>) (average initial weight 5.02 ± 0.03 g) were fed with 4 diets, including a control diet (CON), HCD, HCD + 500 mg/kg uridine (HCUL) and HCD + 5,000 mg/kg uridine (HCUH), for 8 weeks. The results showed that addition of uridine decreased hepatic lipid, serum glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Further analysis indicated that higher concentration of uridine activated the sirtuin1 (sirt1)/adenosine 5-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway to increase lipid catabolism and glycolysis while decreasing lipogenesis (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Besides, uridine increased the activity of glycogen synthesis-related enzymes (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). This study suggested that uridine could alleviate HCD-induced metabolic syndrome by activating the sirt1/AMPK signaling pathway and promoting glycogen synthesis. This finding reveals the function of uridine in fish metabolism and facilitates the development of new additives in aquatic feeds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 56-66"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50194265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}