Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Integrated multi-omics reveals the beneficial role of chlorogenic acid in improving the growth performance and immune function of immunologically stressed broilers","authors":"Huawei Liu ,&nbsp;Xuemin Li ,&nbsp;Kai Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoguo Lv,&nbsp;Quanwei Zhang,&nbsp;Peng Chen,&nbsp;Yang Wang,&nbsp;Jinshan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intensive production can cause immunological stress in commercial broilers. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) regulates the intestinal microbiota, barrier function, and immune function in chickens. As complex interrelations regulate the dynamic interplay between gut microbiota, the host, and diverse health outcomes, the aim of this study was to elucidate the immunoregulatory mechanisms of CGA using multi-omics approaches. A total of 240 one-day-old male broilers were assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 CGA levels (0 or 500 mg/kg) either with or without dexamethasone (DEX) injection for a 21-day experimental period. Therefore, there were 4 dietary treatments: control, DEX, CGA, and DEX + CGA, with 6 replicates per treatment. CGA supplementation improved (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) growth performance, jejunal morphology, jejunal barrier function, and immune function in DEX-treated broilers. Moreover, in DEX + CGA-treated broilers, the increase in gut microbiome diversity (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) was consistent with a change in taxonomic composition, especially in the Clostridiales vadin BB60_group. Additionally, the levels of short-chain fatty acids increased remarkably (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) after CGA supplementation. This was consistent with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis results that the “pyruvate fermentation to butanoate” pathway was more enriched (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) in the DEX + CGA group than in the DEX group. Proteomics revealed that CGA treatment increased the expression of several health-promoting proteins, thymosin beta (TMSB4X) and legumain (LGMN), which were verified by multiple reaction monitoring. Metabolomics revealed that CGA treatment increased the expression of health-promoting metabolites (2,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid and homogentisic acid). Proteomic and metabolic analyses showed that CGA treatment regulated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Western blotting results support these findings. Pearson’s correlation analyses showed correlations (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) between altered immune function, jejunal barrier function, different microbiota, proteins, and metabolites parameters. Overall, our data indicate that CGA treatment increased growth performance and improved the immunological functions of DEX-treated broilers by regulating gut microbiota and the PPAR and MAPK pathways. The results offer novel insights into a CGA-mediated improvement in immune function and intestinal health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 383-402"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/66/64/main.PMC10448031.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10481853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endogenous mucin conveyed to the mucosa with microbes can assure lumen fermentation and large intestinal security–swine versus fowl","authors":"Edwin T. Moran ,&nbsp;Michael R. Bedford","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Endogenous protein leaving the ileum largely consists of accrued mucins from the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that had resisted digestion. The amounts released rely on their mucosal generation during enteral feeding which vary with age as well as diet. These digestion resistant proteins of endogenous origin continue to be unavailable in the large intestine, whereas those of dietary origin provide amino acids that largely support the existing microbial population while denying limited amounts for absorption. Other mucins pre-exist within the large intestine as two layers at the lumen surface. A loose layer harboring a diverse microbial population is superimposed on the unstirred water layer (USWL) which simultaneously acts as an obstacle to microbes at the loose layer while performing as a molecular sieve for nutrients. The USWL is formed through interplay between enterocyte and goblet cells; however, the basis for presence of the loose layer is elusive. Large intestinal fermentation predominates within the colon of swine, whereas fowl employ their ceca. Motility within the colon of swine segregates fine materials into haustrae out-pocketings that parallel their placement within the ceca of fowl. Viscous mucins from small intestinal endogenous losses may envelop microbes within the large intestinal lumen to present successive adherents on the USWL that assemble its loose layer. The loose layer continually functions as a microbial reservoir in support of lumen fermentation. Microbial catabolism of mucin within the loose layer is known to be slow, but its proximity to the enterocyte is of advantage to enterocyte absorption with by-product amino acids fostering the USWL.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 403-410"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c5/8f/main.PMC10457508.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10481854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium butyrate promotes gastrointestinal development of preweaning bull calves via inhibiting inflammation, balancing nutrient metabolism, and optimizing microbial community functions","authors":"Huiyue Zhong ,&nbsp;Wenjing Yu ,&nbsp;Min Wang ,&nbsp;Bo Lin ,&nbsp;Xuezhao Sun ,&nbsp;Nan Zheng ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Wang ,&nbsp;Shengguo Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Butyrate promotes the growth and gastrointestinal development of calves. But, the mechanisms behind its effects on signaling pathways of the gastrointestinal tract and rumen microbiome is unclear. This study aimed to reveal transcriptomic pathways of gastrointestinal epithelium and microbial community in response to butyrate supplementation in calves fed a high fiber starter. Fourteen Holstein bull calves (39.9 ± 3.7 kg, 14 d of age) were assigned to 2 groups (sodium butyrate group, SB; control group, Ctrl). The SB group received 0.5% SB supplementation. At d 51, the calves were slaughtered to obtain samples for analysis of the transcriptome of the rumen and jejunum epithelium as well as ruminal microbial metagenome. Sodium butyrate supplementation resulted in a higher performance in average daily gain and development of jejunum and rumen papillae. In both the rumen and jejunum epithelium, SB down-regulated pathways related to inflammation including NF-κB (<em>PPKCB, CXCL8, CXCL12</em>), interleukin-17 (<em>IL17A, IL17B, MMP9</em>), and chemokine (<em>CXCL12, CCL4, CCL8</em>) and up-regulated immune pathways including the intestinal immune network for immunoglobulin A (IgA) production (<em>CD28</em>). Meanwhile, in the jejunum epithelium, SB regulated pathways related to nutritional metabolism including nitrogen metabolism (<em>CA1, CA2, CA3</em>), synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies (<em>HMGCS2, BDH1</em>, <em>LOC100295719</em>), fat digestion and absorption (<em>PLA2G2F, APOA1, APOA4</em>), and the PPAR signaling pathway (<em>FABP4, FABP6, CYP4A11</em>). The metagenome showed that SB greatly increased the relative abundance of <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> and <em>Eubacterium limosum</em>, activated ruminal microbial carbohydrate metabolism pathways and increased the abundance of carbohydrate hydrolysis enzymes. In conclusion, butyrate exhibited promoting effects on growth and gastrointestinal development by inhibiting inflammation, enhancing immunity and energy harvesting, and activating microbial carbohydrate metabolism. These findings provide new insights into the potential mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of butyrate in calf nutrition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 88-100"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fb/4e/main.PMC10300058.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9737513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of restricted feeding on hen performance, egg quality and organ characteristics of individual laying hens","authors":"Doreen O. Anene ,&nbsp;Yeasmin Akter ,&nbsp;Peter C. Thomson ,&nbsp;Peter Groves ,&nbsp;Cormac J. O'Shea","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study was to assess the impact of permanent or temporary restricted feeding on laying hen production traits, physiology, and egg quality. Two hundred and forty individually housed ISA Brown hens were monitored across 2 phases, assigned to 3 treatments: ad libitum feeding (ALF), temporary restricted feeding (TRF) and permanent restricted feeding (PRF), <em>n</em> = 80 hens per treatment. In Phase 1 (P1), 22 to 40 weeks, the TRF and PRF hens were offered 115 g of feed daily. In Phase 2 (P2), 41 to 46 weeks, the TRF hens were transitioned to ALF status while the ALF and PRF hens remained as in P1. From 35 to 40 weeks, eggs were collected once weekly from 15 hens per treatment and assessed for differences in albumen, yolk, and shell variables. At 45 weeks, 10 hens each from the ALF and PRF groups were euthanized and differences in organ characteristics were assessed. In P1, feed intake, feed to egg conversion ratio and body weight (BW) change were lower (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), while albumen height and Haugh unit were higher (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) in both PRF and TRF hen treatments compared to hens allocated the ALF treatment. In P2, TRF and ALF hens had a higher egg production and egg mass than PRF (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) than ALF. Body weight change in P2 was higher in TRF and similar in both ALF and PRF, while feed intake and feed conversion ratio were higher in TRF followed by ALF and least in the PRF treatment group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). At 45 weeks ALF hens had a greater abdominal fat pad weight and fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome lesion score compared to PRF. Restricting hens to 115 g of feed per day from point of lay restrained BW, improved feed conversion ratio and albumen quality and reduced abdominal fat pad deposition and clinical signs of fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome in individually housed laying hens.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 141-151"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f5/75/main.PMC10338298.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9825381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary lysozyme improves growth performance and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets","authors":"Yuying Wu ,&nbsp;Bei Cheng ,&nbsp;Longxiang Ji ,&nbsp;Xiangyun Lv ,&nbsp;Yingying Feng ,&nbsp;Liu’an Li ,&nbsp;Xin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lysozyme (LZ) is a purely natural, nonpolluting and nonspecific immune factor, which has beneficial effects on the healthy development of animals. In this study, the influences of LZ on the growth performance and intestinal barrier of weaned piglets were studied. A total of 48 weaned piglets (Landrace × Yorkshire, 22 d old) were randomly divided into a control group (basal diet) and a LZ group (0.1% LZ diet) for 19 d. The results showed that LZ could significantly improve the average daily gain (ADG, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and average daily feed intake (ADFI, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). LZ also improved the intestinal morphology and significantly increased the expression of occludin in the jejunum (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In addition, LZ down-regulated the expression of interleukin-1β (<em>IL-1β</em>, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and tumor necrosis factor-α (<em>TNF-α</em>, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and inhibited the expression of the genes in the nuclear factor-k-gene binding (<em>NF-κB</em>, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) signaling pathway. More importantly, the analysis of intestinal flora showed LZ increased the abundance of Firmicutes (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidota (<em>P</em> = 0.09) at the phylum level, and increased the abundance of <em>Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and reduced the abundance of <em>Olsenella</em> and <em>Prevotella</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) at the genus level. In short, this study proved that LZ could effectively improve the growth performance, relieve inflammation and improve the intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets. These findings provided an important theoretical basis for the application of LZ in pig production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 249-258"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/76/76/main.PMC10472418.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10150815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of non-bound amino acid inclusions and starch-protein digestive dynamics on growth performance of broiler chickens offered wheat-based diets with two crude protein concentrations","authors":"Shemil P. Macelline ,&nbsp;Michael T. Kidd ,&nbsp;Peter V. Chrystal ,&nbsp;Mehdi Toghyani ,&nbsp;Peter H. Selle ,&nbsp;Sonia Y. Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The primary objective of this study was to investigate the influence of high and low inclusions of non-bound amino acid (NBAA) in standard and reduced-crude protein (CP), wheat-based diets on growth performance in broiler chickens. Dietary treatments were formulated to either 210 or 180 g/kg CP. The 210 g/kg CP diets contained either 12.1 or 21.1 g/kg NBAA and 180 g/kg CP diets contained either 44.0 or 55.5 g/kg NBAA. The formulations also generated different dietary starch:protein ratios which impacted on starch-protein digestive dynamics. Each of the four dietary treatments were offered to 7 replicates of 15 birds housed in floor pens from 14 to 35 days post-hatch or a total of 420 male Ross 308 chickens. Growth performance, relative abdominal fat-pad weights, breast muscle and leg shank yields were determined. Ileal starch and protein (N) digestibility coefficients, disappearance rates and starch:protein disappearance rate ratios were defined. Apparent ileal digestibility coefficients and disappearance rates of 16 amino acids were determined at 35 days post-hatch and free concentrations of 20 amino acids in systemic plasma were determined at 34 days post-hatch. The transition from 210 to 180 g/kg CP diets depressed weight gain by 11.3% (1742 versus 1964 g/bird) and FCR by 10.4% (1.606 versus 1.455), although both parameters were subject to treatment interactions. The treatment interaction (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) observed for FCR was because high NBAA inclusions significantly improved FCR by 4.17% (1.424 versus 1.486) in birds offered 210 g/kg CP diets, but significantly depressed FCR by 3.36% (1.632 versus 1.579) in 180 g/kg CP diets. A quadratic relationship (<em>r</em> = 0.860; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) between dietary NBAA inclusions and FCR was detected, which indicated that when NBAA inclusions exceed 18.5 g/kg efficiency of feed conversion deteriorated. However, a multiple linear regression (<em>r</em> = 0.913; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) was detected for FCR where both NBAA inclusions and analysed dietary starch:protein ratios were significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) related to FCR. This relationship indicates that growth performance of broiler chickens offered wheat-based diets is strongly influenced by dietary NBAA inclusions coupled with dietary starch:protein ratios and consideration is given to the possible underlying mechanisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 399-408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240565452300104X/pdfft?md5=06edcc59c26fa9c5302de602a8b37730&pid=1-s2.0-S240565452300104X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46044810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Transparent Testa8 (TT8) gene and Homeobox12 (HB12) gene silencing in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on molecular structure spectral profile in relation to energy, degradation, and fermentation characteristics in ruminant systems","authors":"Yaogeng Lei ,&nbsp;Abdelali Hannoufa ,&nbsp;Peiqiang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alfalfa (<em>Medicago sativa</em> L.) is a legume forage that is widely cultivated owing to its high biomass yield and favorable nutrient values. However, alfalfa contains relatively high lignin, which limits its utilization. Downregulation of two transcriptional factors, Transparent Testa8 (<em>TT8</em>) and Homeobox12 (<em>HB12</em>), has been proposed to reduce lignin content in alfalfa. Therefore, silencing of <em>TT8</em> (<em>TT8</em>i) and <em>HB12</em> <em>(HB12</em>i) in alfalfa was achieved by RNAi technology. The objective of this project was to determine effect of gene modification through silencing of <em>TT8</em> and <em>HB12</em> genes in alfalfa plants on lignin and phenolic content, bioenergic value, nutrient supply from rumen degradable and undegradable fractions, and in vitro ammonia production in response to the silencing of <em>TT8</em> and <em>HB12</em> genes in alfalfa. All gene silenced alfalfa plants (5 <em>TT8</em>i and 11 <em>HB12</em>i) were grown under greenhouse conditions with wild type as a control. Samples were analyzed for bioactive compounds, degradation fractions, truly digestible nutrients, energetic values and in vitro ammonia productions in ruminant systems. Furthermore, relationships between physiochemical, metabolic and fermentation characteristics and molecular spectral parameters were determined using vibrational molecular spectroscopy. Results showed that the <em>HB12</em>i had higher lignin, while <em>TT8</em>i had higher phenolics. Both silenced genotypes had higher rumen slowly degraded carbohydrate fractions and truly digestible neutral detergent fiber, but lower rumen degradable protein fractions. Moreover, the <em>HB12</em>i had lower truly digestible crude protein, energetic values and ammonia production compared with other silenced genotypes. In addition, in relation to the nutritive values of alfalfa, structural carbohydrate parameters were negatively correlated, whereas alpha/beta ratio in protein structure was positively correlated. Furthermore, good predictions were obtained for degradation of protein and carbohydrate fractions and energy values from molecular spectral parameters. In conclusion, silencing of the <em>TT8</em> and <em>HB12</em> genes decreased protein availability and increased fiber availability. Silencing of the <em>HB12</em> gene also increased lignin and decreased energy and rumen ammonia production. Moreover, nutritional alterations were closely correlated with molecular spectral parameters. Therefore, gene modification through silencing the <em>TT8</em> and <em>HB12</em> genes in alfalfa influenced physiochemical, metabolic and fermentation characteristics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 79-87"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50194182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High rumen degradable starch diet induced blood bile acids profile changes and hepatic inflammatory response in dairy goats","authors":"Lixin Zheng ,&nbsp;Jing Shen ,&nbsp;Xiaoying Han ,&nbsp;Chunjia Jin ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Chen ,&nbsp;Junhu Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective of this study was to reveal the effect of rumen degradable starch (RDS) on bile acid metabolism and liver transcription in dairy goats using metabolomics and transcriptomics. Eighteen Guanzhong dairy goats of a similar weight and production level (body weight = 45.8 ± 1.54 kg, milk yield = 1.75 ± 0.08 kg, and second parity) were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups where they were fed a low RDS (LRDS, RDS = 20.52% DM) diet, medium RDS (MRDS, RDS = 22.15% DM) diet, or high RDS (HRDS, RDS = 24.88% DM) diet, respectively. The goats were fed with the experimental diets for 5 weeks. On the last day of the experiment, all goats were anesthetized, and peripheral blood and liver tissue samples were collected. The peripheral blood samples were used in metabolomic analysis and white blood cell (WBC) count, whereas the liver tissue samples were used in transcriptomic analysis. Based on the metabolomics results, the relative abundances of primary bile acids in the peripheral blood were significantly reduced in the group that was fed the HRDS diet (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The WBC count was significantly increased in the HRDS group compared with that in the LRDS and MRDS groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), indicating that there was inflammation in the HRDS group. Transcriptomic analysis showed that 4 genes related to bile acid secretion (genes: <em>MDR1, RXRα, AE2, SULT2A1</em>) were significantly downregulated in the HRDS group. In addition, genes related to the immune response were upregulated in the HRDS group, suggesting the HRDS diet induced a hepatic inflammatory response mediated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (gene: <em>LBP</em>), activated the Toll-like receptor 4 binding (genes: <em>S100A8</em>, <em>S100A9</em>) and the NF-kappa B signaling pathway (genes: <em>LOC106503980, LOC108638497, CD40, LOC102180880, LOC102170970, LOC102175177, LBP, LOC102168903, LOC102185461, LY96</em> and <em>CXCL8</em>), triggered inflammation and complement responses (genes: <em>C1QB, C1QC,</em> and <em>CFD</em>). The HRDS diet induced a hepatic inflammatory response may be mediated by activating the Toll-like receptor 4 binding and NF-kappa B signaling pathway after free LPS entered the liver. The changes of bile acids profile in blood and the down-regulation of 4 key genes (<em>MDR1, RXRα, AE2, SULT2A1</em>) involved in bile secretion in liver are probably related to liver inflammation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 121-129"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c2/0a/main.PMC10556040.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41168596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host gut-derived Bacillus probiotics supplementation improves growth performance, serum and liver immunity, gut health, and resistive capacity against Vibrio harveyi infection in hybrid grouper (♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂Epinephelus lanceolatus)","authors":"Kwaku Amoah ,&nbsp;Beiping Tan ,&nbsp;Shuang Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuyan Chi ,&nbsp;Qihui Yang ,&nbsp;Hongyu Liu ,&nbsp;Yuanzhi Yang ,&nbsp;Haitao Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Several reports have revealed the vital role that probiotics play in fish growth and health. However, few works are available for host gut-derived probiotics on the growth, immunity, and gut microbiota of fish, especially in hybrid grouper (♀&lt;em&gt;Epinephelus fuscoguttatus&lt;/em&gt; × ♂&lt;em&gt;Epinephelus lanceolatus&lt;/em&gt;) due to their isolation difficulty and functional verification. This study aimed at assessing 3 host gut-derived &lt;em&gt;Bacillus&lt;/em&gt; species' effects on the growth, immune and antioxidant-biochemical responses, haematological parameters, intestinal morphology, immune-related gene expression, gut microbiota, and disease resistance against &lt;em&gt;Vibrio harveyi&lt;/em&gt; in hybrid grouper. A total of 480 hybrid grouper (initial weight = 9.03 ± 0.02 g) were randomly allotted into 4 groups, namely, the group fed a basal diet without probiotic inclusion (control, B0), the group fed the basal diet with &lt;em&gt;Bacillus velezensis&lt;/em&gt; GPSAK4 (BV), the group fed the basal diet with &lt;em&gt;Bacillus subtilis&lt;/em&gt; GPSAK9 (BS), and the group fed the basal diet with &lt;em&gt;Bacillus tequilensis&lt;/em&gt; GPSAK2 (BT) strains at 1.0 × 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; CFU/g. After a 6-week feeding trial, the results revealed significant improvements (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) in the growth performance, whole fish-body proximate composition, blood haematological parameters, serum, liver, and intestinal biochemical indexes, intestinal morphology, and protection against &lt;em&gt;V&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;harveyi&lt;/em&gt; pathogen in the probiotic-treated groups compared with the untreated. Additionally, the expressions of intestinal tight junction genes (occludin and &lt;em&gt;ZO1&lt;/em&gt;), pro- and anti-inflammatory genes, including &lt;em&gt;IL1β&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;IL6&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;IL8&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;TNFα&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;MyD88&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;IL10&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;TGFβ&lt;/em&gt;, were upregulated (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) after &lt;em&gt;Bacillus&lt;/em&gt; species administration. Host gut-derived &lt;em&gt;Bacillus&lt;/em&gt; supplementation shaped the gut microbiota by significantly increasing (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria (except the BS group), Acidobacteria (except the BT group), Cyanobacteria (except the BV and BT groups), and Verrucomicrobia phyla, as well as known beneficial genera (&lt;em&gt;Romboutsia&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Turicibacter&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Epulopiscium&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Clostridium_sensu_stricto&lt;/em&gt; 1 and 13, &lt;em&gt;Lactobacillus&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;Bacillus&lt;/em&gt;), but significantly decreased (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) the abundance of Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, and Fusobacteria phyla, and purported pathogenic genera (&lt;em&gt;Staphylococcus&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Photobacterium&lt;/em&gt;) compared with the control group. Collectively, the results suggest that &lt;em&gt;B&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;velezensis&lt;/em&gt; GPSAK4, &lt;em&gt;B&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;subtilis&lt;/em&gt; GPSAK9 (especially this strain), &lt;em&gt;B&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;tequilensis&lt;/em&gt; GPSAK2 dietary supplementation at 1.0 × 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; CFU/g has positive effects on the intestinal health of hybrid grouper via microbial composition modulation, thus enhancing the as","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 163-184"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50194264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of soy protein concentrate replacing animal protein supplements in mucosa-associated microbiota, intestinal health, and growth performance of nursery pigs","authors":"Zixiao Deng,&nbsp;Marcos Elias Duarte,&nbsp;Sung Woo Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the effects of using soy protein concentrate (SPC) to replace animal protein supplements on mucosa-associated microbiota, intestinal health, and growth performance of nursery pigs. Fifty-six newly weaned pigs (BW = 6.4 ± 0.6 kg) were allotted to 5 treatments in a randomized complete block design. Pigs were fed for 35 d in 3 phases (P; 1, 2, 3) for 10, 12, 13 d, respectively. Dietary treatments were: (1) basal diet with fish meal (P1: 4%, P2: 2%, and P3: 1%), poultry meal (P1: 10%, P2: 8%, and P3: 4%), and blood plasma (P1: 4%, P2: 2%, and P3: 1%), where SPC replacing none (NC); (2) basal diet with SPC replacing fish meal (RFM); (3) basal diet with SPC replacing poultry meal (RPM); (4) basal diet with SPC replacing blood plasma (RBP); and (5) basal diet with SPC replacing all animal protein supplements (PC). Growth performance was recorded for each phase. Pigs were euthanized on d 35 to collect jejunal mucosa and tissue to evaluate intestinal health and microbiota, and ileal digesta to measure apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Overall, RFM, RPM, and RBP did not affect growth performance, whereas PC decreased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) ADG and ADFI. The RPM increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) <em>Prevotella stercorea</em> and decreased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) <em>Helicobacter rappini</em>. The PC decreased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) <em>H. rappini</em>, whilst increasing (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) <em>Prevotella copri</em>, <em>Propionibacterium acnes</em>, and <em>Pelomonas aquatica</em>. The RFM tended to increase (<em>P</em> = 0.096) immunoglobulin A in the jejunum. The PC tended to decrease (<em>P</em> = 0.078) jejunal crypt cell proliferation. There were no differences in the villus height, AID of nutrients, intestinal inflammation, and intestinal oxidative stress among treatments. In conclusion, SPC can replace fish meal, poultry meal, or blood plasma individually without affecting growth performance and intestinal health, and AID of nutrients of nursery pigs. Particularly SPC replacing poultry meal benefitted intestinal health by reducing <em>H. rappini</em> and increasing <em>P. stercorea</em>. However, SPC replacing all three animal protein supplements reduced growth of nursery pigs mainly by reducing feed intake.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 235-248"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10432921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10051625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}