农学最新文献

{"title":"Lipid metabolism imbalance: potential pathological mechanism and new intervention ideas for recurrent miscarriage.","authors":"Wen-Hui Nan, Xun-Si Qin, Rong Li","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recurrent miscarriage is defined as three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions. Its etiology is complex, involving genetic, immune, and endocrine factors. In recent years, lipid metabolism disorders have attracted increasing attention for their potential role in recurrent miscarriage. Abnormalities in lipid metabolism can adversely affect endometrial receptivity, contributing to implantation failure. However, the precise underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. In this review, we provide an overview of the pathological mechanisms and recent advancements in research pertaining to the relationship between lipid metabolic disorders, embryonic development, and the establishment of endometrial receptivity. Special emphasis is placed on the influence of cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism on recurrent miscarriage. Furthermore, we examine the contributions of lipid metabolism to hormone synthesis and regulation, as well as the pathological changes that can arise from lipid-mediated local inflammation within the endometrium. Finally, we discuss the potential roles of lipid profile monitoring, dietary interventions, and lipid metabolism-targeted therapies in the early diagnosis and treatment of recurrent miscarriage. We hope this review can enhance understanding of the mechanisms underlying lipid metabolic dysfunction in this context and inform the development of tailored therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 9","pages":"979-991"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of plant oil-based nanoemulsions prepared via phase inversion temperature and evaluation of their antioxidant capacity","authors":"Ngoc Anh Luu ,&nbsp;Thi Trinh To ,&nbsp;Ngoc Han Tran ,&nbsp;Gia Man Vu ,&nbsp;Ngoc Yen Linh Ngo ,&nbsp;Mai Phuong Linh Tran ,&nbsp;Nhat My Nguyen ,&nbsp;Thi Ngoc Ninh Dinh ,&nbsp;Anh Nguyet Dam ,&nbsp;Ngoc Ngan Lieu ,&nbsp;Dinh Quan Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2025.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2025.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on the preparation, and optimization of the nanoemulsions coorporating with pumpkin seed oil, grape seed oil, and grapefruit essential oil using the phase inversion temperature (PIT) technique. The research investigated the impact of surfactant types and concentrations on critical nanoemulsion properties, including droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential. Using a Box-Behnken Design (BBD) model, the formulation was optimized containing 6.0% plant oils, 10.0% Tween 80, 2.0% Span 80, and 1.0% lecithin to achieve nano-sized droplets (33.52 ​nm), with a low PDI (0.205), and a stable zeta potential (−15.49 ​mV). The antioxidant activity, was evaluated through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays, demonstrating its outstanding efficacy. And the optimized nanoemulsion showed a radical-scavenging capacity exceeding 2250 ​μg ascorbic acid equivalents/g, significantly outperforming non-nanoemulsified oils. Stability testing under various environmental conditions highlighted exceptional robustness, with refrigerated samples maintaining structural integrity, minimal particle size growth, and consistent physicochemical properties over a 30-day storage period. The results suggest that the plant oil-based nanoemulsions exhibit strong antioxidant potential, offering a promising natural treatment for their application in cosmeceutical and therapeutic formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34095,"journal":{"name":"Oil Crop Science","volume":"10 3","pages":"Pages 194-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145098758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of <i>ppp6r3</i> in zebrafish gonadal differentiation and gametogenesis.","authors":"Yun-Hai Gao, Jia-Jie Deng, Xiao Xiao, Lu-Yuan Pan, Mu-Dan He, Yun-Bin Zhang","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.25-093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gonad differentiation and gametogenesis of fish is regulated by various factors. Protein phosphatase (PP) have the function of catalyzing the dephosphorylation of proteins in organisms. As a member of the protein phosphatase family, protein phosphatase type 6 (PP6) plays an important role in gonadal development and gametogenesis. The role of <i>ppp6r3</i>, which encodes the regulatory subunit 3 of protein phosphatase 6, in gonadal differentiation and gametogenesis is still unclear. In this study, two zebrafish <i>ppp6r3</i> mutant lines were constructed using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. It was found that the absence of <i>ppp6r3</i> leads to the development of only male zebrafish, and these mutants are incapable of fertilizing wild-type eggs. Further investigations revealed that in the testes of <i>ppp6r3</i> mutants, the transition of spermatocytes to mature sperm was blocked, disrupting spermatogenesis. In summary, this study established a <i>ppp6r3</i> mutant model, exhibiting defects in gonadal differentiation and gametogenesis, which provides a new model for further research on the mechanisms by which Ppp6r3 regulates germ cell proliferation, differentiation, and sex determination.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 9","pages":"1023-1031"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of the composition and distribution of anti-phage defense systems in <i>Vibrio</i> genomes.","authors":"Xue-Feng Xu, Xing-Kun Jin, Yan Shi, Zhe Zhao","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The long-term co-evolution between bacteria and their viruses (bacteriophages) drives the diversification of anti-phage defense systems. As key members of marine ecosystems, <i>Vibrio</i> species are known for their large and complex genomes. To investigate the composition and distribution of anti-phage defense systems in <i>Vibrio</i> genomes, we collect 242 representative genomes from the GTDB and NCBI databases. Using bioinformatics tools (including Defense Finder), we analyze the anti-phage defense systems encoded by these genomes and identify a total of 108 distinct systems, including GAPS, dGTPase, RM systems, etc. We observe significant variation in defense capabilities among different <i>Vibrio</i> strains: five strains encode more than 20 defense systems, highlighting their high defense potential, while over 30 strains encode five or fewer defense systems. Notably, we find no known defense systems in '<i>Vibrio katoptron</i>'. Furthermore, we note that the diversity of defense systems varies among <i>Vibrio</i> clades, with the Cholerae clade exhibiting the highest entropy in its defense systems. We conduct a detailed analysis of the composition, structure, and functional mechanisms of these defense systems. Although <i>Vibrio</i> species exhibit a complex and diverse array of anti-phage defense systems, the specific functions of many remain unknown. Given the complexity of <i>Vibrio</i> genomes, we suggest that numerous potential defense systems are yet to be discovered. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the genomic characteristics of <i>Vibrio</i> defense systems, laying a foundation for future research into the interactions and evolutionary dynamics between <i>Vibrio</i> and bacteriophages.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 9","pages":"1057-1068"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AARS1/2: dual functions in protein translation and metabolic- immune regulation.","authors":"Zong-Wang Zhang, Jing-Wei Xiong","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.25-034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Highly precise regulation of protein synthesis is critical for the homeostasis and functionality of living organisms. Alanyl-tRNA synthase (AARS1/2) plays a crucial role in this process. AARS1/2 are a class of enzymes that synthesize alanyl-tRNA in cells, participating in protein synthesis encoded by genes, and catalyzing the propionylation of lysine residues in proteins, thereby regulating protein function. This article reviews the research progress on the involvement of AARS1/2 in disease progression induced by protein mistranslation and in the regulation of the metabolic-immune interaction network, aiming to better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of AARS1/2 and to provide a reference for the development of potential therapeutic drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 9","pages":"967-978"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing China's agri-food security: Palms as alternative oil crops under U.S.-China trade war","authors":"Shuya Yang ,&nbsp;Eranga M. Wimalasiri ,&nbsp;Nancy Shaftang ,&nbsp;Haikuo Fan ,&nbsp;Zhuang Yang ,&nbsp;Zhihua Mu","doi":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The 2025 U.S.-China Trade War has intensified the vulnerability of China's oil supply chain due to heavy reliance on soybean imports, posing serious challenges to food security. This study examines soybean dependency risks and evaluates substitution strategies through diversified oilseed use, including palm-based alternatives. Findings show that high reciprocal tariffs caused a 75% drop in U.S. soybean exports to China. Palm oil, with high yield efficiency and cost-effectiveness, offers a viable supplement to fill supply chain gaps. Promoting oil palm cultivation through northward expansion and cooperation with Belt and Road countries is recommended. Additionally, multi-omics, gene editing, tissue culture, and precision agriculture are crucial to address technical bottlenecks. The study concludes that palm and soybean oils will form a complementary system, and that policy and technology investments are essential to strengthen China's oilseed supply chain resilience and sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34095,"journal":{"name":"Oil Crop Science","volume":"10 3","pages":"Pages 235-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigenetic maps of pearl millet reveal a prominent role for CHH methylation in regulating tissue-specific gene expression","authors":"Lin Luo,&nbsp;Qi Qu,&nbsp;Mengxue Cao,&nbsp;Yihui Zhang,&nbsp;Yuanchang Sun,&nbsp;Fei Mao,&nbsp;Jiaming Chen,&nbsp;Yilin Zhu,&nbsp;Yaorou Yang,&nbsp; HuachengLiu,&nbsp;Chunxiao Li,&nbsp;Dongmei Lin,&nbsp;Guodong Lu,&nbsp;Zhanxi Lin,&nbsp;Fangjie Zhu,&nbsp;Jiajing Xiao","doi":"10.1007/s42994-025-00243-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42994-025-00243-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pearl millet (<i>Pennisetum glaucum</i>) is a major staple food in arid and semi-arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa, India, and South Asia. However, how epigenetic mechanisms regulate tissue-specific gene expression in this crop remains poorly understood. In this study, we profiled multiple epigenetic features in the young panicles and roots of pearl millet using RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, and ChIP-seq (H3K4me3 and H3K36me3). We identified thousands of genes that were differentially expressed between these two tissues. Root-specific genes were enriched for plant hormone signaling, oxidative phosphorylation, and stress responses. Analysis of chromatin accessibility revealed that root-specific accessible chromatin regions (ACRs) were enriched in binding motifs for stress-responsive transcription factors (e.g., NAC, WRKY), whereas ACRs in young panicles were enriched in motifs for developmental regulators (e.g., AP2/ERF). DNA methylation profiling revealed 25,141 tissue-specific differentially methylated regions, with CHH methylation—rather than CG or CHG methylation—showing the strongest tissue specificity. Promoters of root-specific genes had higher levels of CHH methylation compared to those of young panicle–specific genes, suggesting that the roles of CHH methylation in regulating transcription might be tissue dependent. Notably, promoter-associated H3K4me3 marked panicle-specific genes, whereas root-specific expression was primarily linked to chromatin accessibility, suggesting a transcription factor–mediated regulatory mechanism. Together, our findings highlight the distinct epigenetic frameworks governing tissue-specific gene expression in pearl millet and provide valuable insights for advancing the genetic improvement of this crop.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53135,"journal":{"name":"aBIOTECH","volume":"6 3","pages":"394 - 410"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42994-025-00243-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145100765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RNA modifications unlock the hidden code of synonymous mutations in crop domestication","authors":"Bin Zhang,&nbsp;Yan Li,&nbsp;Hao Yu","doi":"10.1007/s42994-025-00242-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42994-025-00242-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Synonymous mutations have traditionally been regarded as functionally neutral because they do not alter protein sequences. However, growing evidence suggests these variants can affect gene expression, RNA structure, and protein function, ultimately influencing phenotypes. A recent study by Xin et al. (2025) provides strong evidence that synonymous mutations can exert regulatory effects through epitranscriptomic mechanisms, particularly m⁶A RNA methylation. The authors identify a synonymous 1287C &gt; T mutation in the <i>ACS2</i> gene that reduces m⁶A methylation at the adjacent A¹²⁸⁶ site. This reduction alters RNA secondary structure, creating a more compact conformation that impairs translation efficiency, leading to decreased ACS2 protein levels and promoting fruit elongation in cultivated cucumbers. The mutation lies within a domestication sweep region and <i>ACS2</i>^<i>1287C</i> is exclusively found in wild cucumber populations, suggesting that <i>ACS2</i>^<i>1287T</i> has been favored during domestication for its agronomic benefits. Notably, the study also uncovers a genotype-dependent interaction between <i>ACS2</i> and the m⁶A reader protein YTH1, which binds only to methylated transcripts, further illustrating how genetic background modulates epitranscriptomic regulation. These findings challenge the long-standing assumption that synonymous variants are biologically irrelevant and introduce RNA methylation as a key, dynamic regulatory layer in crop domestication and breeding, offering new opportunities for RNA-based precision breeding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53135,"journal":{"name":"aBIOTECH","volume":"6 3","pages":"389 - 393"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145100770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Untargeted metabolomic genome-wide association study reveals genetic and biochemical insights into polyphenols of apple fruit.","authors":"Jun Song, Beatrice Amyotte, Leslie Campbell Palmer, Melinda Vinqvist-Tymchuk, Kyra Dougherty, Letitia Da Ros","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhaf159","DOIUrl":"10.1093/hr/uhaf159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Apple (<i>Malus × domestica</i>) is one of the most popular fruits grown and consumed worldwide, contributing to human health with significant amounts of polyphenols and other bioactive compounds, and providing positive impacts to the economy and society. Understanding the diversity and inheritance of health-active compounds in apple can provide novel selection criteria for future breeding and cultivar development, as consumers increasingly prioritize the health benefits of their food choices. We therefore conducted an untargeted metabolomic analysis using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) to investigate thousands of semipolar chemicals, mainly phenolic compounds, in 439 diverse apple accessions, and quantified 2066 features in positive ion mode. To identify key areas of genetic control for apple metabolite abundance, we performed a metabolomic genome-wide association study (mGWAS) on the quantified mass features using ~280 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The mGWAS revealed >630 significant loci with hotspots for various groups of known and unknown phenolic compounds including flavonols on Chromosome 1, dihydrochalcones on Chromosome 5, and flavanols on Chromosomes 15 and 16. The most significant hotspot on Chromosome 16 included bHLH and C2H2 transcription factors that may play a role in controlling the abundance and complexity of phenolic compounds through regulation of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Our analysis links the apple metabolome with candidate genes and biosynthetic mechanisms and establishes a foundation for marker-assisted breeding and gene editing to improve and modify phenolic compounds in apple for marketability and the benefit of human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":57479,"journal":{"name":"园艺研究(英文)","volume":"12 9","pages":"uhaf159"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12377893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cis-regulatory elements: systematic identification and horticultural applications","authors":"Tian Li,&nbsp;Wen Zeng,&nbsp;Fangjie Zhu,&nbsp;Peitao Lü","doi":"10.1007/s42994-025-00237-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42994-025-00237-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Cis</i>-regulatory elements (CREs) are the genetic DNA fragments bound by transcription factors (TFs). CREs function as molecular switches that precisely modulate the dosage and spatiotemporal patterns of gene expression. The systematic identification of CREs not only facilitates the annotation of the functional non-coding genome but also provides essential insights into the architecture of gene regulatory networks and sheds light on an accurate selection of the target sites for genetic engineering of crops. In this review, we summarize the current high-throughput methodologies used for identifying CREs, illustrate the associations between CREs and agronomic traits in horticultural crops, and discuss how CREs can be exploited to facilitate crop breeding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53135,"journal":{"name":"aBIOTECH","volume":"6 3","pages":"510 - 527"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42994-025-00237-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145100767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}