农学最新文献

{"title":"Research advances in rice blast resistance genes.","authors":"Zhan-Chun Wang, Gui-Tao Zhong, Bei-Bei Zhang, Yi-Lin Xie, Ding-Zhong Tang, Wei Wang","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) is an important food crop in China. Its growth and development are threatened by rice blast, which leads to huge grain losses in severe cases. Cultivating and deploying rice varieties that contain broad-spectrum resistance (<i>R</i>) genes is the most economical and effective strategy to prevent and control rice blast. In general, rice blast resistance genes code nucleotide-binding (NB), leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptors (NLRs) that play a crucial role in the resistance to rice blast. Therefore, it is essential to clone <i>NLR</i> genes and elucidate the recognition and activation mechanisms between NLRs and effectors for rice disease resistance breeding. In this review, we summarize and provide perspectives on the research progress of <i>NLR</i> genes, the recognition between NLR proteins and effectors in rice, as well as the role and mechanism of paired NLR proteins in the resistance, hoping to provide reference for rice disease resistance breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 5","pages":"533-545"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of regulatory mechanisms of enhancers in gastric cancer with double minute chromosomes based on bioinformatics.","authors":"Meng-Ting An, Guan-Lin Guo, Jie Wu, Wen-Jing Sun, Xue-Yuan Jia","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastric cancer (GC) has a high incidence and mortality rate globally. Double minutes (DMs) are extrachromosomal circular chromosomes that carry amplified oncogenes or drug resistance genes, and they are closely associated with tumorigenesis and drug resistance. To investigate the role and regulatory mechanisms of double minutes in the malignant progression of gastric cancer, we utilize bioinformatics methods to analyze genomic copy number variation data from the CCLE cell line database and TCGA solid tumor database. We analyze and summarize the genomic features of tumor samples with double minutes. Based on these features, we classify gastric cancer samples. We use the FANTOM5 database, R package \"GenomicRanges\", Bedtools, and MEME SUITE to analyze the functions of the enhancers on double minutes and their regulated target genes in gastric cancer. Next, we apply the CIBERSORT package and the GDSC drug database to analyze immune cell infiltration and drug resistance in gastric cancer samples with and without double minutes from TCGA. The results show that the genome with a copy number greater than 10 and genomic fragments longer than 50 kb play a significant role. The regulatory role of double minutes enhancers affects drug resistance and tumor immunity, with disruptions in the enhancer-transcription factor-target gene regulatory loops also linked to tumor immunity. Furthermore, the target genes regulated by double minutes enhancers not only alter the expression of immune-related genes but also contribute to increased drug resistance to common chemotherapy agents in gastric cancer samples. High expression of drug resistance-related target genes in gastric cancer samples with double minutes is closely associated with poor prognosis. This study provides new insights for the treatment of gastric cancer patients with double minutes.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 5","pages":"558-572"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transposon insertion in pmel17 rewired skin and muscle transcriptomes in Mozambique tilapia","authors":"Fei Sun ,&nbsp;Le Wang ,&nbsp;Gen Hua Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2023.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2023.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <em>pmel17</em> gene plays a crucial role in melanin pigmentation. Our previous studies showed that in Mozambique tilapia, a transposon inserted into the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) of <em>pmel17</em> resulted in the silencing of <em>pmel17</em> and led to the loss of melanin pigments (golden mutant phenotype). Additionally, the transposon insertion caused reduced growth performance and increased locomotion. In this study, to investigate the mechanisms underlying these phenotypic changes, we sequenced transcriptomes of the skin and muscle samples collected from wildtype and mutant tilapias. A total of 51 and 141 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the skin and muscle transcriptomes, respectively. DEGs in the skin were primarily down-regulated in golden genotypes and associated with neural crest development and melanin pigmentation pathways. Besides these DEGs involved in the classic melanin pigmentation pathway of vertebrates, 14 DEGs were also observed to be related to melanogenesis. In muscle transcriptomes, there was an enrichment of GO terms associated with growth factors and cellular lipid catabolic processes. Specifically, DEGs related to growth factor binding exhibited a down-regulation, while those related to lipid metabolism showed an up-regulation in mutant genotypes. These findings agree with observed phenotypic changes. Furthermore, several DEGs associated with muscle function and mobility were up-regulated. Our study sheds light on how a single mutation in a gene can modulate multiple phenotypes by rewiring gene regulation networks. The research also provides valuable insights into the complex genetic mechanisms underlying the regulation of diverse phenotypic traits by a single gene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"10 3","pages":"Pages 382-391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139128573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Domestication of manggabai fish (Glossogobius giuris) through adaptation to different types of feed and aquaculture containers","authors":"Yuniarti Koniyo,&nbsp;Juliana","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2023.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2023.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to determine the growth and survival of Manggabai fish (Glossogobius giuris) cultivated in different types of feed and maintenance containers. The method used in the study was an experimental method using a 2 × 3 Factorial Complete Randomized Design (CRD), namely two levels of rearing container factors and three levels of feed type factors. The container consists of two types of containers, namely aquarium and concrete tub. The feed given consists of three types, namely <em>Daphnia</em> sp., <em>Tubifex</em> sp. And pellets. The research variables consisted of growth and survival of test animals. The test animals used were Manggabai fish with a total length of (3 ± 0.05) cm and body weight of 4 ± 0.05 g. Data analysis in this study used a two-factor Completely Randomized Design with a probability level of <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05 and used descriptive analysis of length, weight, and survival growth data during the maintenance of test animals. The results showed that the use of different feed and maintenance containers had a significant effect on the growth and survival of manggabai fish. Total absolute weight growth of manggabai fish reared in concrete containers and fed with <em>Daphnia</em> sp. 22.19 g, pellets 22.99 g, and those fed with <em>Tubifex</em> sp. Feed amounted to 39.63 g. The highest growth and survival were obtained in the treatment using a concrete tank and <em>Tubifex</em> sp. Feed. The highest growth and survival were obtained in the treatment using a concrete tank and <em>Tubifex</em> sp. Feed. The use of aquarium maintenance containers and the provision of pellets is not recommended for domestication of Manggabai fish, because it provides the lowest growth and survival.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"10 3","pages":"Pages 514-521"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139455791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding size selectivity of trawls using structural models: Methodology and a case study on fish sorting grids","authors":"Nadine Jacques ,&nbsp;Bent Herrmann ,&nbsp;Jesse Brinkhof ,&nbsp;Manu Sistiaga","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fish behaviour affects the performance of selection devices in fishing gears. Traditionally, fish behaviour in relation to selection devices is assessed by direct observation. However, this approach has limitations, and the observations are not explicitly incorporated in the selectivity models. Further, underwater observations and quantification of fish behaviour can be challenging. In this study we outline and use an indirect method to explicitly incorporate and quantify fish behaviour in trawl selectivity analysis. We use a set of structural models, which are based on modelling the actual processes believed to determine the size selection of the device, to discern which behaviours are most likely to explain the selectivity process. By bootstrapping we assess how confident we can be in the choice of a specific structural model and on discerning the associated behavioural aspects. We collected size selectivity data in the Barents Sea demersal trawl fishery targeting gadoids, where the use of a sorting grid is compulsory. Using our modelling approach, we obtained deeper understanding of which behavioural processes most likely affect size selectivity in the sorting grids tested. Our approach can be applied to other fishing gears to understand and quantify fish behaviour in relation to size selectivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"10 3","pages":"Pages 499-513"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential contribution of Indonesian fishing vessels in reducing Green House gas emission","authors":"Suryanto Suryanto,&nbsp;Duto Nugroho,&nbsp;Umi Muawanah,&nbsp;Setiya Triharyuni,&nbsp;Dian Oktaviani,&nbsp;Sandi Wibowo,&nbsp;Novi Susetyo Adi,&nbsp;Puput Dani Prasetyo Adi","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In common practices, fishing vessels' Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission is a part of the energy sector. Annual series data show Indonesian fishing vessels are growing by more than 18,000 units/year, dominated by fishing vessels with a tonnage of less than 30 GT. A ′bottom-up' approach was applied to develop low-carbon fishing activity practices to contribute to GHG emission reduction. This study focuses on a GHG inventory of fishing vessels managed by local and central Governments, using data from fishing permits and vessel monitoring systems from 2010 to 2018. The result is expected to act as the baseline for estimating emissions of fishing vessels up to 2030. The model predicted it could be reduced in 2030 by up to 6.43 E+07 tons CO2eq (68%) for fishing vessels with a size of less than 30 GT and up to 5.80E+06 tons CO2eq (84.5%) for a larger size of fishing vessels, respectively. To achieve further mitigation targets, mixing diesel oil using 30% biodiesel should be implemented progressively by 10% annually from 2021. Concerning fisher welfare after 2015, it shows a positive trend along with energy efficiency, and it can be concluded that strategies to improve the energy efficiency of active fishing vessels should be considered urgent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"10 3","pages":"Pages 372-381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening and application of unstable genetically resistant strains in fission yeast.","authors":"Lu-Feng Dan, Yi-Wen Chu, Xin-Rong Wang, Xiang-Wei He","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reversible alterations at DNA sequence or epigenetic levels can result in phenotypes that are unstably inherited. The reversibility of these inheritable changes might be uniquely beneficial for adaption to possible fluctuations in environment. However, unstable changes are always ignored for the genetic instability in traditional studies, especially in the cause of drug resistance. In this study, we conduct a specific genetic screen in fission yeast using rapamycin (+caffeine) and obtain 173 resistant isolates. In contrast to the common strategy of isolating stable genetic mutants, we passage the cell culture with rapamycin resistance on drug free condition and test the resistance of offspring every five days, and obtain 14 strains that exhibit unstable resistance to rapamycin (the drug resistance is lost randomly among the cell progenies without drug selection pressure). Further studies show that the unstable genetic resistance of some strains is regulated by reversible DNA sequence alterationat the <i>ssp1</i> gene locus. This study provides new insights and relevant scientific basis for the regulatory mechanism of unstable drug resistance in the process of rapamycin as a clinical anti-tumor drug, and a new possible target for solving the problem of drug resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 5","pages":"589-599"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144044190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of growth performances of crossbreds and backcrossbreds with purebreds Nishikigoi and Hungarian carp (Cyprinus carpio)","authors":"Vander Bruno Santos,&nbsp;Lucas Rosan Furquim","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2023.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2023.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to evaluate growth curves among different common carp genotypes, according to fingerling performance and morphometry. Fingerlings selected according to Nishikigoi pattern, either (9.66 ± 1.47) cm in standard length, from crossbred and pure carp, respectively, were cultivated in 8 cages (4 replicates for each genotype), measuring 9 m³ (3.0 m × 2.0 m × 1.5 m) each, in a 1500 m² (12 m × 125 m) pond at a depth of 1.60 m with 10 fingerlings/m³. Fish were fed four times a day at the rate of 5%–7% of biomass with the same specific diet for each growth stage. Forty carp of each genotype (10 fish/cage) were weighed at days 0, 60, 150, 270 and 330 of cultivation. They were weighed and measured for head length, standard length, body height and body width. The Gompertz model was fit for weight × age data for comparison of absolute and relative growth rate, weight and age at the inflection points. The crossbred genotype showed better survival, weight gain and feed conversion compared to pure carp (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The final weight estimate at 330 days was 38.45% higher in the crossbred genotype (289.16 g) when compared to the pure carp (208.85 g). The pure genotype presented lower weight (431.60 g), age (559.71 days) and absolute growth rate (1.03 g/day) at the inflection points when compared to the crossbred genotype (587.69 g; 559.71 days and 1.46 g/day, respectively). Body morphometric relationships changed with fish growth, and this occurred differently, depending on carp genotype evaluated. From these results, it can be concluded that crossing Nishikigoi with Hungarian carp can be a strategy to improve desirable characteristics in koi.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"10 3","pages":"Pages 452-458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139538253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role and mechanism of UFMylation, a ubiquitin-like modification, in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infection immunity.","authors":"Yi-Ran Liao, Qi-Ao Zhang, Pei-Bo Li, Jian-Ping Xie","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (FM1) is a ubiquitin-like type I protein widely present in prokaryote and most eukaryote. UFMylaiton, mediated by UFM1, is involved in the regulation of a variety of cellular biochemical processes. Recently, the importance of UFM1 system in endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis regulation has been gradually discovered and emphasized. Endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> is an important link in the progression of tuberculosis, so UFM1 system is expected to become a new target for the development of anti-tuberculosis drugs. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the UFM1 system and UFMylation pathway, and summarize the recent advances in understanding UFM1's role in ER homeostasis regulation and its potential value in TB treatment, with the aim of offering new insight and direction for developing novel therapeutic strategies against tuberculosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 5","pages":"546-557"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ancient genomes revealed the genetic history and interaction of prehistoric populations in the Ngari region of the western Tibetan Plateau.","authors":"Fan Bai, Wei He, Yu Gao, Wan-Jing Ping, Qiao-Mei Fu","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Ngari Prefecture is located in the western part of the Tibetan Plateau. Despite its high altitude and harsh natural environment, it occupies a strategic position adjacent to northern Nepal, India, and Ladakh. As a crossroads connecting the Tibetan Plateau, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Central Asia, and South Asia, it likely played an important role in early human migration. Archaeological studies in recent years have revealed that even before the establishment of the Tubo Dynasty in the seventh century, the Ngari region maintained extensive cultural connections with Kashmir, Nepal, Xinjiang, and other regions. Furthermore, its subsistence economy reflected strong interactions between Ngari and northern South Asia. Recent paleogenetic studies have demonstrated that the genetic components of the ancient population in the Ngari region originated from the southern part of the plateau, with multiple population expansions occurring from south to west. These studies have also confirmed that alongside cultural exchanges, the Ngari region began experiencing complex genetic interactions with ancient populations from neighboring Central and South Asia at least 2,300 years ago. In this review, we integrate findings from paleogenetics, archaeology, archaeobotany, and zooarchaeology in the Ngari region to systematically examine the genetic origins of the ancient western plateau population and analyze both intraregional cultural-genetic interactions within the Tibetan Plateau and those between Ngari populations and external groups. This synthesis provides important insights for understanding the complex relationships between ancient population movements and interactions in the western Tibetan Plateau, as well as the transformation patterns of regional archaeological cultures and subsistence economies.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 5","pages":"501-512"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144048131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}