南方农业学报最新文献

{"title":"Hot-air drying characteristics of Millettia speciosa Champ. slice and establishment of the kinetic model","authors":"Fang Liang-cai, W. Zhao-long, Liu Meng-jiao, Hu Weiping, Huang Hao, Liu Yu-xiang, Lei Dong-dong, Huang Xiao-mei","doi":"10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-1191.2021.06.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-1191.2021.06.029","url":null,"abstract":"[Objective] To explore the influence of different hot air temperatures, slice thicknesses and\u0000 material loads on Millettia speciosa Champ. slice hot air drying rate, establish model of thermal wind drying kinetic,\u0000 and provide reference for perfecting M. speciosa Champ. drying processing technology.\u0000 [Method] Taking hot air temperature (50, 60, 70, 80 °C), slice thickness (2,4,6,8 mm) and\u0000 material load (100,200,300 g) as investigating factors,real-time measurement of moisture\u0000 changes during hot air drying of M. speciosa Champ. slices under various conditions. The 5 kinds of drying models were screened\u0000 and fitted, calculated the effective water diffusion coefficient and theactivation\u0000 energy in the drying process.\u0000 [Result] With the increase of the hot air temperature, the slice thickness and material load\u0000 decreased, the moisture content of dry basis was greatly reduced, and the drying rate\u0000 was greatly increased. The hot-air drying process of M. speciosa Champ. slices was divided into two stages : acceleration and deceleration, and most\u0000 of the drying process was the deceleration stage. The kinetic model of hot-air drying\u0000 of M. speciosa Champ. slices conformed to the Page model, and the predicted value of the Page model\u0000 had a good fit with the experimental value (\u0000 R\u0000 2=0.969). the fitting equation ln (-lnMR)= -3.174-0.242\u0000 H+0.029\u0000 T-0.006\u0000 L+(0.721+0.015\u0000 H+0.002\u0000 T)ln\u0000 t, k=e\u0000 -3.174-0.242\u0000 H+0.029\u0000 T-0.006\u0000 L\u0000 , n=0.721+0.015\u0000 H+0.002\u0000 T, the effective diffusion coefficient D\u0000 eff of M. speciosa Champ. under different drying conditions was 1.62114×10\u0000 -10-12.96913×10\u0000 -10 m\u0000 2/s, with the increase of hot air temperature and slice thickness, the material load\u0000 decreased, and the overall trend was increasing, and the activation energy was 60.7388\u0000 kJ/mol.\u0000 [Conclusion] The Page model can better reflect the moisture change law of hot air drying process\u0000 of M. speciosa Champ. slice with different slice thicknesses, and by fitting the equation, the content\u0000 of water ratio in the hot air drying process at a certain time can be accurately predicted.\u0000 摘要：【目的】探讨不同热风温度、切片厚度及装载量对牛大力切片热风干燥速率的影响, 并建立牛大力切片热风 干燥动力学模型, 为牛大力干燥工艺探索提供理论依据。\u0000 【方法】以热风温度 (50、60、70、80 °C)、切片厚度 (2、4、6、8 mm)和装载量 (100、200、300 g)为考察因素, 实时测定各条件下牛大力切片热风干燥过程中水分变化,\u0000 对常见的5种 干燥模型进行筛选, 并计算干燥过程中的有效水分扩散系数和活化能。\u0000 【结果】随着热风温度的升高, 切片厚度和装载 量的降低, 牛大力切片的干基含水量明显减少, 干燥速率明显增加。牛大力切片在热风干燥过程分为加速和降速2个 阶段, 其中大部分干燥过程为降速阶段。牛大力切片热风干燥动力学模型符合Page模型,\u0000 该模型预测值与试验值拟 合度较高(\u0000 R\u0000 2=0.969), 拟合方程为ln(-lnMR)=-3.174-0.242\u0000 H+0.029\u0000 T-0.006\u0000 L+(0.721+0.015\u0000 H+0.002\u0000 T)ln\u0000 t, 可求得K=e\u0000 -3.174-0.242\u0000 H+0.029\u0000 T-0.006\u0000 L\u0000 , n=0.721+0.015\u0000 H+0.002\u0000 T, 不同干燥条件下牛大力切片的有效水分扩散系数在1.62114×10\u0000 -10~12.96913×10\u0000 -10 m\u0000 2/s, 均随着热风温度的升高和切片厚度的增加, 总体呈上升趋势; 活化能为60.7388 kJ/mol。\u0000 【结论】Page模型可 较好地描述不同切片厚度的牛大力切片热风干燥过程中水分的变化规律, 且通过拟合方程能较准确预测热风干燥过 程中某时刻牛大力切片的水分比。","PeriodicalId":17106,"journal":{"name":"南方农业学报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85521450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and evaluation of mercury pollution in paddy soil of a watershed in Zhanjiang","authors":"Liang Ya-ting, Luo Song-ying, Li Zhi-peng, Tang Daobin, Lao Yue-liu","doi":"10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-1191.2021.01.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-1191.2021.01.016","url":null,"abstract":"[Objective] The potential risk of mercury in paddy soil of a watershed in Zhanjiang were investigated to provide reference for reasonable planting of farmland and ensuring the safety production of agricultural products. [Method] The mercury content in 42 soil samples of paddyfield in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the study area was determined, mainly through using the single-factor index, geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index. Also, the spatial distribution characteristics of mercurypollution probability were analyzed by Indicator Kriging method. [Result] The mercury content of paddy soil of a watershed in Zhanjiang ranged from 0.040 to 0.504 mg/kg, and the coefficient of variation was 68.42%, which belonged to the middle degree of variation. The average value of mercury content in the study was 0.193 mg/kg, which was generally shown as middle reaches>upper reaches>lower reaches. The average value of middle reaches was 0.343 mg/kg, which was the highest in the whole watershed. Although it did not exceed the national screening value of 0.5 mg/kg of agricultural soil pollution risk, it was as 4.3 times as the mercury content of the background value of Zhanjiang soil (0.045 mg/kg), and far higher than the background value of soil in Zhanjiang. The mercury pollution in the paddy soil of the whole watershed was obvious. The results of single factor index evaluation based on the background value of soil in Zhanjiang showed that the site of heavy accumulation of mercury in paddy soil is as high as 52.38%. The results of land accumulation index analysis showed that 33.33% of the samples belonged to medium to strong pollution. The average value of the potential ecological risk index of mercury in the whole basin was 160–320, and the risk level was IV, which was a very strong potential ecological risk. The results of Indicator Kriging method showed that, there was a high probability of mercury pollution in paddy soil of the watershed, especially in the middle reaches. [Conclusion] The content of mercury in paddy soil in this study area of Zhanjiang belongs to the safe range, but there arepotential serious ecological risks. Attention should be paid to mercury pollution in paddy soil, which is caused by the extensive use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers and automobile exhaust. 摘要: 【目的】 开展湛江某流域水稻田土壤汞污染调査, 为流域农田合理种植及农产品安全生产提供参考依据。 【方法】 测定研究区上、中、下游水稻田共42份土壤的汞元素含量, 综合采用单因子指数法、地累积指数法及潜在生态 风险指数法进行污染评价, 并结合指示克里格法分析汞污染概率的空间分布特征。 【结果】湛江某流域水稻田土壤汞 元素含量范围为0.040~0.504 mg/kg, 变异系数为68.42%, 属中等变异程度; 土壤汞含量平均值为0.193 mg/kg, 总体上 表现为中游>上游>下游, 其中中游平均值为0.343 mg/kg, 为全流域最高。总体上虽未超过国家农用地土壤污染风险 筛选值(0.5 mg/kg)但远高于湛江土壤背景值(0.045 mg/kg), 汞含量平均值是湛江土壤背景值的4.3倍。整个流域 水稻田土壤中汞污染较明显, 基于湛江土壤背景值的单因子指数评价结果表明, 水稻田土壤中汞出现重度累积的样 点高达52.38%; 地累积指数分析结果显示33.33%的样点为中污染至强污染; 整个流域水稻田土壤的汞元素潜在生态 风险指数平均值在160~320范围内, 风险等级为IV级, 属于很强潜在生态风险。指示克里格法分析结果显示该流域 水稻田土壤中具有较高汞污染概率, 尤其是中游流域污染情况较突出。 【结论】湛江该流域水稻田土壤汞含量属于安 全范围, 但存在很强的潜在生态风险。农药化肥的大量使用及汽车尾气排放可能导","PeriodicalId":17106,"journal":{"name":"南方农业学报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83723644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of cold resistance and resistance physiological response of eggplant germplasms for rootstock","authors":"Xiang Ting-ying, Tian Mao-yan, Zhong Chuan, Wang Peng, Yang Yan-juan, Yun Wenjin","doi":"10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-1191.2021.01.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-1191.2021.01.020","url":null,"abstract":"[Objective] The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of low temperature on the physiology of eggplant seedlings for rootstock, select the germplasms with strong cold resistance, and to provide a reference for the breeding of cold tolerant rootstocks suitable for grafting cultivation of autumn and winter tomato in South China. [Method] Sixteen eggplant germplasms for rootstock were used as materials, and the low temperature treatment temperatures of 10, 15 and 20 °C were set. The cold tolerance of eggplant germplasms for rootstock was evaluated according to germination index, chilling injury index and physiological index in the germonation and old temperature stress experiment. [Result] The low temperature of 10 °C significantly inhibited the germination of eggplant seeds for rootstock, and the germination rates were all less than 10.00% except that germination rate of J61 was 18.33%. There was no significant correlation among seed germination rate, germination index, germination potential and seedling chilling injury index ( P>0.05). The seedling chilling injury indexes of germplasm BC05 and J13 were 0.16, 0.20 respectively, showing high resistance (HR) to low temperature. The seedling chilling injury indexes of germplasm BC06, J60, AQ and A were 0.27-0.40, which showed moderate resistance (MR) to low temperature. The chilling injury index of 8 germplasms such as BC01, BC02 and BC03 ranged from 0.40-0.56, which showed resistance (R) to low temperature. Under low temperature stress at 10 °C, the chlorophyll content of the tested germplasm seedlings decreased, while the conductivity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline(Pro) contents increased, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) increased, but the response degree of different germplasms were different. The chilling injury index of seedlings was extremely significantly ( P<0.01, the same below) or significantly ( P<0.05, the same below) positively correlated with the change rate of chlorophyll content and MDA content. It was significantly or extremely significantly negatively correlated with the change rate of Pro content, activities of SOD, POD and CAT, respectively. The subordinate function value of the low temperature resistance of the tested germplasms were analyzed. The above six germplasm with HR and MR were ranked in the top six for their comprehensive low temperature resistance. And the above six germplasms were classified as high resistance to low temperature or resistance to low temperature by cluster analysis. [Conclusion] The index of seed germination should not be used as the identification index of cold tolerance of eggplant for rootstock. The seedlings chilling injury index, chlorophyll, MDA and Pro contents, SOD, POD and CAT activities can be used as the identification indexes of cold tolerance. The results of comprehensive evaluation show that BC05, J13, BC06, J60, AQ and A have high resis","PeriodicalId":17106,"journal":{"name":"南方农业学报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89234854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive evaluation of low temperature and waterlogging stress of direct-seeding rice at bud stage and seedling stage using membership function method","authors":"Zhang Xiaoli, Tao Wei, C. Lei, Gao Guoqing, Zhang Xiao-quan, Liang Tianfeng, Tang Maoyan","doi":"10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-1191.2021.01.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-1191.2021.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"[Objective] Under the double stress of low temperature and waterlogging stress, some rice varieties area were evaluated, evaluation of the ability of early rice varieties to withstand low temperature and waterlogging stress during bud stage and seedling stage in double cropping rice area of Guangxi was conducted, and screened out the rice varieties suitable for early rice direct seeding, so as to provide reference for suitable early rice varieties of direct seeding in Guangxi. [Method] Based on the artificial simulated low temperature environment, the germination seeds of 25 tested rice varieties were treated with low temperature and waterlogging [daily average temperature 5 °C (12 h light +12 h darkness), water depth of germination box was 5 cm] and control [daily average temperature 5 °C (12 h light+12 h darkness), water depth of germination box was 3 mm]. The seeds of tested varieties after accelerating germination were cultured for 10 d. After this treatment, the seeds were restored to 28 T and continued to grow for 10 d. The seedling rate, root length, root numbers, seedling height, fresh weight per plant, above-ground fresh weight and root fresh weight were measured, and their low temperature and waterlogging tolerance abilities were comprehensively evaluated by membership function analysis and correlation analysis. [Result] Seedling rate stress coefficient of 25 rice varieties was different, the variation was 0-1.00, the average stress coefficient was 0.935. Through the correlation analysis of stress coefficient, there was significant positive correlation between seedling rate and above-ground fresh weight per plant under stress ( P<0.05, the same below), and positive correlation with other traits, but the correlation did not reach significant level ( P>0.05, the same below). Seedling height was extremely positively correlated with root length, above-ground fresh weight and root fresh weight ( P< 0.01, the same below), and significantly positively correlated with root number and plant fresh weight. According to the average results of membership function, the tested varieties were divided into three types: strong, medium and weak tolerance. There were nine varieties with strong tolerance, they were: Guiyu 12, Wushansimiao, High quality farm seed 2, Guiyu 9, Jinsimiao, Xiangzhou fragrant rice, Hexifengzhan, Y liangyou 1, Guiyu 11. Compared with the medium tolerancetypes and weak tolerance types, the rice varieties with strong tolerance hadimprovement in root length, root number, root fresh weight and seedling height. Compared with the control, under the condition of low temperature and waterlogging stress (LT+W), all measurements of plant traits were decreased, and the root length decreased the most, reaching 19.0%, followed by root fresh weight and root number, which decreased by 18.2% and 16.3% respectively. [Conclusion] The key indexes of tolerance to low temperature and waterlogging stress of direct se","PeriodicalId":17106,"journal":{"name":"南方农业学报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84930187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defence response of local rice variety Acuce in Hani terraced fields in Yunnan against the feeding of Sogatella furcifera","authors":"Huang Yu, W. Yue, Yang Jin-rui, Zhao Hui-ting, C. Bin, Xiao Guan-li","doi":"10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-1191.2021.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-1191.2021.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"[Objective] To study the main defensive response of Acuce, a local rice variety in the Hani terraced fields in Yuanyang, Yunnan under the feeding stress of white-backed planthopper (WBPH), and to clarify its WBPH resistance mechanism. To provide a basis for rice insect-resistant breeding and utilization of insect-resistant germplasm resources. [Method] The contents of nutrient soluble sugar, secondary products malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) in rice plants were determined by colorimetric method at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after WBPH feeding on Acuce, insect susceptible variety Taichung Native 1 (TN1) and insect resistant variety Rathu Heenati (RHT) in the meantime, the main defense reaction of main protective enzyme activity including peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and catalase (CAT) were measured and analyzed. [Result] After WBPH feeding stress 3-96 h, the soluble sugar content of the Acuce increased by 93.19%. The increase rate was significantly lower than TN1(176.23%) ( P<0.05, the same as below), there was no significant difference with RHT(89.16%) ( P>0.05, the same as below). The increase rate of H 2O 2 content was 44.13%, significantly higher than TN1(13.18%) and significantly lower than RHT(83.01%). The content of MDA in the rice plant of Acuce increased, and the mean increase rate was 145.38%, significantly higher than that of TNI(36.84%) and RHT(57.06%). The activities of POD, CAT and PAL were increased after feeding stress. The mean increase rate of POD activity (52.78%) was not significantly different with TN1(52.30%), but was significantly lower than that of RHT(154.53%). The mean increase rate of CAT activity (26.24%) was significantly higher than that of RHT(-9.32%) and TN1(-14.18%). The mean increase rate of PAL activity (3.80%) was significantly higher than that of RHT(-32.01%) and significantly lower than that of TN1(74.03%). [Conclusion] After WBPH feeding, the local rice variety Acuce is more sensitive in nutrients, secondary substances, and major protective enzymes than the insect susceptible variety TN1 and resistant variety RHT, showing a strong defense response. Acuce can be used as the WBPH resistance varieties in the field. 摘要: 【目的】 研究云南元阳哈尼梯山水稻地方品种月亮谷对白背飞虱取食胁迫的主要防御反应,明确月亮谷抗 白背飞虱机制,为水稻抗虫育种及抗虫种质资源利用提供科学依据。 【方法】 以元阳地方水稻品种月亮谷、感虫水稻品 种Taichung Native 1 (TN1) 和抗虫品种Rathu Heenati(RHT)为材料, 采用比色法测定3个水稻品种在白背飞虱取食胁 迫0、3、6、12、24、48、72和96 h后稻株内营养物质可溶性糖、次生产物丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢(H 2O)含量及保护酶 过氧化物酶(POD)、苯内'氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。 【结果】 白背飞虱取食胁迫3~96 h后, 月亮谷稻 株内可溶性糖平均含量增加率为93.19%, 显著小于TN1(176.23%) ( P<0.05,下同), 而与RHT(89.16%)无显著差异( P>0.05,下同)；H 2O 2平均含量增加率为44.13%, 显著高于TN1(13.18%), 而显著低于RHT(83.01%);MDA平均含量增加 率为145.38%, 显著高于TN1 (36.84%)和RHT(57.06%); POD、CAT和PAL活性均增加, 其中POD活性平均增加率 (52.78%)与TN1 (52.30%)无显著差异而显著低于RHT (154.53%), CAT活性平均增加率(26.24%)均显著高于RHT (-9.32%)和TN1(-14.18%), PAL活性平均增加率(3.80%)显著高于RHT(-32.01%)而显著低于TN1(74.03%)。 【结论】 月亮谷受白背飞虱取食胁迫后, 其营养物质、次生产物及主要保护酶活性均","PeriodicalId":17106,"journal":{"name":"南方农业学报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87595510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}