Modern Agricultural Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Adding Fiber from SeraiKayu (Eugenia Polyantha) Waste on Organoleptic Characteristic and Sensory Evaluation of Cracker","authors":"I. Abdullah, N. Wahab, H. M. Hassan","doi":"10.15341/MAST(2375-9402)/03.03.2017/002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15341/MAST(2375-9402)/03.03.2017/002","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of adding fiber from SeraiKayu (Eugenia polyantha) waste in cracker was studied on organoleptic characteristic and sensory evaluation of cracker. Cracker prepared from SeraiKayu (Eugenia polyantha) waste containing different proportion of waste (2%, 4% and 6%) from two sources of waste, boiling and extraction of SeraiKayu (Eugenia polyantha) leaves. The crackers were evaluated for organoleptic characteristics and sensory evaluation. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences (P <0.05) among formulations of the crackers for colour, firmness, saltiness and crunchiness characteristics. Meanwhile, the bitterness and aroma characteristics of the crackers were affected significantly with increasing levels of SeraiKayu (Eugenia polyantha) waste in crackers. In general, the crackers were accepted by the panelist during the sensory evaluation test and has potential as new source of fiber for use in high fiber products.","PeriodicalId":18656,"journal":{"name":"Modern Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74818604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of Lactic Acid Bacteria from “TapaiPulut” for Biosynthesis of Glutamic Acid","authors":"Mohd Syafarim Md Ishak, M. Ibrahim, H. Ishak","doi":"10.15341/mast(2375-9402)/03.03.2017/007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15341/mast(2375-9402)/03.03.2017/007","url":null,"abstract":"Glutamic acid (glutamate) is an amino acid used in human body to build proteins. Glutamate can be converted to glutamine via glutamine synthetase, and to γ — aminobutyric acid (GABA) via glutamate decarboxylase. The objective of this study is to screen potential of lactic acid bacteria from “tapaiubi” for biosynthesis of glutamic acid. The traditional fermented food, “tapaipulut” was used as a source of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The sample was cultivated on DeMan-Rogosa-Sharpe MRS agar containing 0.16% bromocresol purple and placed under anaerobic condition at 37°C for 48 hours. A total of 25 strains were isolated with 8 strains were determined to be LAB based on their morphology. The 8 strains were inoculated into 8 bottles of fermentation medium (4% v/v) in duplicate determinations and fermented in rotary shaker (180 rpm, 37°C, 4 days). After 18 hours, the fermented media were centrifuged at 10000 rpm (4°C) for 10 minutes and the supernatants were derivatised at 100°C for 10 minutes. Glutamic acid concentrations were determined by using HPLC with fluorescence detector (C18S) on a 250 × 4.6 mm column at a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min. Cut of 25 strains, 8 strains were shown to have the capability of producing glutamic acid. Five strains, including (TUS 25 (18.409 μg/ml), TUS 17 (18.437 μg/ml), TUS 7 (17.228 μg/ml), TUS 8 (14.033 μg/ml), TUS 3 (7.810 μg/ml) showed the capability of producing glutamic acid after 72 hours fermentation. While the other three strains TUS 11 (4.894 μg/ml), TUS 2 (0.0245 μg/ml), TUS 20 (0.405 μg/ml) were become 48 hours and 72 hours fermentation. The highest glutamate was registered after 48 hours and 96 hours. This study shows that LAB from “tapaipulut” has the capability of producing glutamic acid.","PeriodicalId":18656,"journal":{"name":"Modern Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80119377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Drought Stress on Aflatoxin Contaminationin Groundnuts (Arachis hypogea L.) and Aspergillusflavus Population in the Soil","authors":"C. B. Sibakwe, T. Kasambara-Donga, S. Njoroge, W. Msuku, W. G. Mhang, R. Brandenburg, D. Jordan","doi":"10.15341/MAST(2375-9402)/03.03.2017/005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15341/MAST(2375-9402)/03.03.2017/005","url":null,"abstract":"Aflatoxins are naturally occurring toxic chemical substances that are produced by fungal species called Aspergillus flavus. \u0000The toxic substances are secondary metabolites, which contaminate groundnut while growing in the field and also post-harvest. \u0000Drought stress is one of the factors that contribute to increased aflatoxin levels in groundnut during field production. This study was \u0000conducted in a screen house at ICRISAT-Chitedze Agricultural Research Station, Malawi to investigate the effects of drought on \u0000aflatoxin contamination and A.flavus population in the soil. Four drought stress levels; prolonged (4 weeks), min (3 weeks), mild (2 \u0000weeks) and no drought were imposed on five groundnut varieties at pod filling stage. Soil samples were collected from each plot four \u0000times; at planting, beginning of drought, end of drought and at harvest. Aflatoxin levels in groundnut grain samples were estimated by \u0000use of neogenstrips read with mobile assay tablet reader. Population densities of A.flavus in soil samples collected from the plots were \u0000estimated using serial dilutions plated on the selective media, modified dichloran Rose Bengal (MDRB) and quantify A.flavus within 3 \u0000days after incubation at 37°C.The results showed that there were significant differences in aflatoxin contamination between drought \u0000stress levels (p = 0.011). High aflatoxin contamination was observed under prolonged drought (22.0 ppb) compared to and no drought \u0000treatment (1.5 ppb). None of the varieties used in the study showed either resistance or susceptibility to aflatoxin contamination under \u0000drought or adequate soil moisture. The results also showed that there were significant differences in A.flavus population at drought \u0000period and harvesting time and the mean population of A.flavus in prolonged drought at end of stress and harvesting were 8511 and \u00006044 cfu/g of soil respectively. It was concluded that drought contribute to aflatoxin contamination in groundnut, and also increased the \u0000A.flavus population in soil and also at harvesting.","PeriodicalId":18656,"journal":{"name":"Modern Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86341638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemicals Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Three Different Solvent Extracts of Euodia Redleyi Leaves","authors":"N. A. Maskam, N. Ravi, H. M. Hassan, M. M. Nor","doi":"10.15341/MAST(2375-9402)/03.03.2017/004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15341/MAST(2375-9402)/03.03.2017/004","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to identify the phytochemicals screening and antioxidant activity of three different solvent extracts of Euodia Redleyi leaves. The sample was collected at Pahang, Malaysia. Hexane, dicholoromethane (DCM) and methanol extracts of the leaves were used in this study. The established conventional methods were used for quantify the total phenol, flavonoids contents and antioxidant activity. Phytochemical screening test determined the presence of flavonoids, tannin, saponin, terpenoid and phenolic content. Total antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH method and Total phenolic content (TPC) were determined by Follin-Ciocalteau method. A screening test for E.redleyi showed the presence of all phytochemical but absence of saponin. There was a significant difference between hexane, DCM and methanol plant extracts; hexane and DCM extracts were more prominent in antioxidant activity but methanol extraction was more prominent in TPC. Since E. redleyi exhibited high antioxidant and TPC; it can be used as a natural antioxidant. Further study needed to identify the exact active compound underlying this high antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":18656,"journal":{"name":"Modern Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90456919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Excavation Subsurface Irrigation and Drainage Systemin the Reclaimed Lowland to be Cultivated with Upland-Field Crops","authors":"Hyuntai Kim, Donguk Seo, Jeonyong Ryu","doi":"10.15341/MAST(2375-9402)/03.03.2017/001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15341/MAST(2375-9402)/03.03.2017/001","url":null,"abstract":"Although previously the reclaimed land has been developed and used mainly for paddy field in Korea, there is a need to improve the reclaimed land to be cultivated for highland-field crop, due to the necessity for smooth management of grain supply and demand to cope with the changes of international and domestic agricultural environment, and higher farming income from highland-field crops than rice. However, it is difficult to cultivate highland-field crops in the reclaimed land, because it is mostly located in lowland, containing high salinity soil with a difficulty of drainage due to the characteristics of fine grained soil which is a major component of the reclaimed land. In addition, there is a big problem of re-salinization of root zone soil caused by the capillary rise of saline groundwater during the dry season. In this study, seepage analysis to draw high-capacity drainage system was conducted by each type of subsurface drainage system, and subsoil breaking and no-excavation subsurface drainage system were proposed to be utilized for the improvement of reclaimed land at low-cost to cultivate highland-field crops. Following results were acquired through pilot construction in the field. (1) Reclaimed soil of Korea, which is mostly impermeable (k < 1*10 cm/s), requires the introduction of (i) subsurface drain and (ii) subsoil breaking method, to improve the land to be cultivated for highland-field crop. (2) In order to array the appropriate spacing (3-10 m) by the soil type, it is necessary to develop and introduce cost-effective non-excavation subsurface drainage system installation method. (3) The introduction of subsurface irrigation and drainage system is necessary to clean drain system and to prevent re-salinization. (4) As a result of the pilot construction of cost-effective non-excavation subsurface irrigation and drainage system, it was confirmed that workability was improved due to the construction of non-excavation method, and construction cost was lower (75%) and subsurface drain and desalinization performance was far superior (over 150%) with 5 m intervals in parallel with subsoil breaking method than that of existing method with 10 m intervals. (5) It was proved that subsoil breaking and subsurface irrigation and drain system were efficient to clean the drain system using underground irrigation water as well as prevent re-salinization. And also it was confirmed that the system made the desalinization of soil from 10-15 ds/m to 2-5 ds/m within a year under the condition of natural rainfall possible. As the result of the crop cultivation on the pilot reclaimed land desalinized by subsoil breaking and subsurface irrigation and drain system, it was found that crop growth without any damage by moisture during wet season was shown in good status, and it led to conclusion that the system is highly effective for the development of reclaimed land.","PeriodicalId":18656,"journal":{"name":"Modern Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84565102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Dietary Crude Protein Levels on Nutrient Digestibility, Nitrogen Retention, Rumen Environment and Microbial Nitrogen Synthesis of Growing Female Bach Thao Goats in Vietnam","authors":"N. Thu","doi":"10.15341/MAST(2375-9402)/03.03.2017/006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15341/MAST(2375-9402)/03.03.2017/006","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of crude protein (CP) contents on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen parameters and estimated nitrogen synthesis of Bach Thao goats. Five female goats from 4-5 months of age (16.7±0.92 kg) were used for this experiment in a Latin square design. Five treatments were applied, containing dietary CP contents of 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5 or 7.0 g/kgLW/day. The results showed that dry matter (DM), Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) intakes and digestibilities were not significantly different among the treatments (P > 0.05), and the rumen parameters were also similar in different treatments. However, the nitrogen retention was significantly different (P < 0.05) among the treatments and it was higher for the treatments of 6.0, 6.5 and 7.0 gCP/kgLW. The purine derivatives and estimated microbial nitrogen synthesis were numerically higher for the treatments containing 6.0, 6.5 and 7.0 gCP/kgLW. Although there was a gradual increase of daily weight gain by increasing the amount of dietary CP from 5.0 to 7.0 gCP, no significant difference was found. Based on the results, the dietary CP from 6.0 to 6.5 g/kgLW for growing Bach Thao goats is recommended.","PeriodicalId":18656,"journal":{"name":"Modern Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78716361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Investigation on Tilapia Culture in Aquaponic System in Iran","authors":"F. Rajabipour, N. Mashaii, H. Sarsangi, M. Mohammadi, A. Matinfar","doi":"10.15341/MAST(2375-9402)/03.03.2017/003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15341/MAST(2375-9402)/03.03.2017/003","url":null,"abstract":"Water shortage and deficit of agricultural soil are limiting agents for development of agronomy, especially in dry areas, such as Iran. Tilapia is an important commercial fish because of its fast growth, tolerance to environmental conditions and diseases, possibility of intensive culture, low costs of production and marketable flavor. Production of aquatic and agricultural crops in an aquaponic system would ask these expectations. Aquaponic system that includes combination of hydroponics and water recycling systems was examined for modulated culture of tilapia and agricultural crops at the present study. Tilapia fries with 6.2 g and 5.9 g mean weight and stocking density of 40 m were respectively stocked in two 2.5 m tanks at September 2013 for 9 months. Fish culture in the two tanks tended to 17.2 kg/m and 19 kg/m fish production with 658 g and 596 mean final weights, 98% and 100% survival and 1.4 and 1.6 food conversion rates. Plants were implanted using grow beds, floating rafts and nutrient film methods. Monthly production of mint, basil, lettuce, cucumber, tomato and pepper were 1.14, 0.5-0.8, 1.32, 2.7-4, 2.03-3.4 and 1.1 kg/m crops, respectively.","PeriodicalId":18656,"journal":{"name":"Modern Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80204779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}