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Implications of Large-Nc QCD for the NN Interaction 大nc QCD对神经网络相互作用的影响
2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102020-014052
Thomas R. Richardson, Matthias R. Schindler, Roxanne P. Springer
{"title":"Implications of Large-<i>N</i><sub><i>c</i></sub> QCD for the <i>NN</i> Interaction","authors":"Thomas R. Richardson, Matthias R. Schindler, Roxanne P. Springer","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-102020-014052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102020-014052","url":null,"abstract":"We present a method for ordering two-nucleon interactions based upon their scaling with the number of QCD colors, N c , in the limit that N c becomes large. Available data in the two-nucleon sector show general agreement with this ordering, indicating that the method may be useful in other contexts where data are less readily available. However, several caveats and potential pitfalls can make the large- N c ordering fragile and/or vulnerable to misinterpretation. We discuss the application of the large- N c analysis to two- and three-nucleon interactions, including those originating from weak and BSM (beyond the Standard Model) interactions, as well as two-nucleon external currents. Finally, we discuss some open questions in the field.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135860200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Physics of the Top Quark at the LHC: An Appraisal and Outlook of the Road Ahead 大型强子对撞机顶夸克的物理学:对未来道路的评价和展望
2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102419-052854
P. Ferreira da Silva
{"title":"Physics of the Top Quark at the LHC: An Appraisal and Outlook of the Road Ahead","authors":"P. Ferreira da Silva","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-102419-052854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102419-052854","url":null,"abstract":"Since its start, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has helped advance both theory and experiment on the production and properties of the heaviest fundamental particle, the top quark. This review focuses on a selected set of measurements and associated searches for new physics, which have opened the door for unprecedented precision in this area of high-energy physics. Fundamental parameters of the theory such as m t , α S , V tb , and y t are measured from top quark events with relative uncertainties that are smaller than 0.5%, 1.8%, 2%, and 10%, respectively, and that are expected to improve with more data, better experimental methods, and more accurate theory predictions. Several results, even if statistically limited, already significantly constrain the phase space of new physics: measurements of associated production with bosons, processes with four top quarks, and searches for rare decays, among others. It is expected that until the completion of the LHC program, top quark physics will keep providing unique insights regarding the consistency of the Standard Model and the energy scale of new physics.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135860196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Lepton Flavor Violation and Lepton Flavor Universality Violation in b and c Decays b和c衰变中的轻子味违反和轻子味普适违反
2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-101122-045442
Diego Guadagnoli, Patrick Koppenburg
{"title":"Lepton Flavor Violation and Lepton Flavor Universality Violation in <i>b</i> and <i>c</i> Decays","authors":"Diego Guadagnoli, Patrick Koppenburg","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-101122-045442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101122-045442","url":null,"abstract":"Two topics have recently risen to prominence within the ongoing searches of beyond–Standard Model effects in b and c decays: observables that test lepton flavor universality (LFU) and those that test lepton flavor violation (LFV). A coherent set of measurements suggests nonstandard LFU effects. General arguments relate LFU to LFV, and the observed size of the former gives hope of observable signals for the latter. We attempt a comprehensive discussion of both theoretical and experimental aspects of these tests. The main final message is that all the instruments necessary to fully establish the putative new effects are at hand, thanks to running experiments and their upgrades. Therefore, this subject stands a concrete chance of ushering in genuinely unexpected discoveries.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135768596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
New Solutions to the Gauge Hierarchy Problem 规范层次问题的新解
2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102422-080830
Anson Hook
{"title":"New Solutions to the Gauge Hierarchy Problem","authors":"Anson Hook","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-102422-080830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102422-080830","url":null,"abstract":"Applying dimensional analysis to the Higgs mass leads one to predict new physics interactions that generate this mass at a scale of the order of 1 TeV. The question of what these interactions could be is known as the gauge hierarchy problem. Resolving this question has been a central aim of particle physics for the past few decades. Traditional solutions introduce new particles with masses below 1 TeV, but that prediction is now challenged by experiment. In this article, I review recent new approaches to the problem that do not require new particles at the TeV mass scale. I first discuss the relaxation approach, whereby the Higgs mass is made dynamical and is small at the absolute minimum of its potential. I then discuss the historical approach, whereby details about inflation and/or reheating after inflation cause the Higgs mass to be smaller than otherwise expected. Finally, I discuss solutions that use conditional probability, whereby conditioning on the fact that the cosmological constant is small automatically leads one to select vacua where the Higgs mass is also small.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135769775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Physics Beyond the Standard Model Associated with the Top Quark 与顶夸克相关的标准模型之外的物理学
2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102020-011427
Roberto Franceschini
{"title":"Physics Beyond the Standard Model Associated with the Top Quark","authors":"Roberto Franceschini","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-102020-011427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102020-011427","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I review scenarios of physics beyond the Standard Model in which the top quark plays a special role. Models that aim at the stabilization of the weak scale are presented together with the specific phenomenology of partner states that are characteristic of this type of model. Further, I present models of flavor in which the top quark is singled out as a special flavor in the Standard Model. The flavor and collider phenomenology of these models is broadly presented. Finally, I discuss the possibility that dark matter interacts preferably with the top quark flavor and give an overview of the dark matter phenomenology of these scenarios, as well as collider and flavor signals.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135770969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Boson–Boson Interactions at the LHC 大型强子对撞机中的玻色子-玻色子相互作用
2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-101822-053323
J. Manjarrés Ramos, Guillelmo Gómez-Ceballos
{"title":"Boson–Boson Interactions at the LHC","authors":"J. Manjarrés Ramos, Guillelmo Gómez-Ceballos","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-101822-053323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101822-053323","url":null,"abstract":"Vector boson scattering is a key production process to probe the electroweak symmetry breaking of the Standard Model and is one of the most important topics of the physics program for the HL-LHC since it involves both self-couplings of vector bosons and their coupling with the Higgs boson. If the Higgs mechanism is not the sole source of electroweak symmetry breaking, the scattering amplitude deviates from the Standard Model prediction at high scattering energy. Moreover, deviations may be detectable even if a New Physics scale is higher than the reach of direct searches. In this review, the most recent experimental measurements of the production cross sections of vector boson pairs in association with two jets in proton–proton collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV at the LHC are reported, using data sets recorded by the ATLAS and CMS detectors. Applications to searches for New Physics, as well as prospects for measuring the electroweak vector boson scattering processes with larger data samples, are also summarized.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135860462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The s Process and Beyond s过程及其超越
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102422-080857
M. Lugaro, M. Pignatari, R. Reifarth, M. Wiescher
{"title":"The s Process and Beyond","authors":"M. Lugaro, M. Pignatari, R. Reifarth, M. Wiescher","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-102422-080857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102422-080857","url":null,"abstract":"Neutron captures produce the vast majority of abundances of elements heavier than iron in the Universe. Beyond the classical slow ( s) and rapid ( r) processes, there is observational evidence for neutron-capture processes that operate at neutron densities in between, at different distances from the valley of β stability. Here, we review the main properties of the s process within the general context of neutron-capture processes and the nuclear physics input required to investigate it. We describe massive stars and asymptotic giant branch stars as the s-process astrophysical sites and discuss the related physical uncertainties. We also present current observational evidence for the s process and beyond, which ranges from stellar spectroscopic observations to laboratory analysis of meteorites. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Volume 73 is September 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44170705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recent Progress in Leptonic and Semileptonic Decays of Charmed Hadrons Charmed强子的轻子和半轻子衰变研究进展
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-110222-044046
Bai-Cian Ke, J. Koponen, Hai-Bo Li, Yangheng Zheng
{"title":"Recent Progress in Leptonic and Semileptonic Decays of Charmed Hadrons","authors":"Bai-Cian Ke, J. Koponen, Hai-Bo Li, Yangheng Zheng","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-110222-044046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-110222-044046","url":null,"abstract":"We present a comprehensive review of purely leptonic and semileptonic decays of D0(+),[Formula: see text], and charmed baryons (including [Formula: see text], Ξ c, and Ω c). The precise studies of these decays help deepen our understanding and knowledge of quantum chromodynamics via measuring decay constants and form factors, and test the Standard Model through examining the unitarity of the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix and lepton flavor universality. We give an overview of the theoretical and experimental tools before discussing the recent progress. The data sets collected by the Beijing Spectrometer III (BESIII) near the production thresholds of [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]offer important opportunities for studies of charm physics. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Volume 73 is September 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48755050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ultra-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy 超高能伽马射线天文学
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-112822-025357
Z. Cao, Song-zhan Chen, Ruo-Yu Liu, Rui-zhi Yang
{"title":"Ultra-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy","authors":"Z. Cao, Song-zhan Chen, Ruo-Yu Liu, Rui-zhi Yang","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-112822-025357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-112822-025357","url":null,"abstract":"Ultra-high-energy (UHE, >0.1 PeV) γ-ray astronomy is rapidly evolving into an expanding branch of γ-ray astronomy with the surprising discovery of 12 PeVatrons and the detection of a handful of photons above 1 PeV. Nearly all known celestial object types that have emissions in the TeV band are found also to emit UHE photons. UHE γ-rays have a well-defined horizon inside our Galaxy due to the absorption of infrared and cosmic microwave backgrounds in the Universe. In the last 30 years, traditional cosmic ray (CR) measurement techniques have enabled the detection of UHE γ-rays and opened the last observation window. For leptonic sources, UHE radiation is in the deep Klein–Nishina regime, which is largely suppressed. Therefore, UHE γ-ray detection will be helpful in locating and identifying hadronic radiation sources, tracing the historic pursuit for the origin of CRs around the knee of the spectrum. The Crab Nebula is the focus of attention with measured photon emissions up to 1 PeV. In the absence of hadronic processes, these emissions may indicate the existence of an extreme accelerator of e+ e−. Use of CR extensive air shower detection techniques broadens the field of view of the source observations, enabling measurement of UHE radiation surrounding the sources. These observations can probe the particle propagation inside and outside the accelerators and the subsequent injection/escape into the interstellar medium. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Volume 73 is September 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46573992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High-Energy to Ultrahigh-Energy Neutrino Interactions 高能到超高能中微子相互作用
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2023-07-17 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-111422-040200
M. Reno
{"title":"High-Energy to Ultrahigh-Energy Neutrino Interactions","authors":"M. Reno","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-111422-040200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-111422-040200","url":null,"abstract":"The cross sections for neutrino interactions with nucleons have been measured directly in accelerator experiments and through the zenith-angle and energy dependence of neutrino events at the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. Fluxes of high-energy neutrinos are produced at the Large Hadron Collider and by cosmic rays in the atmosphere. High-energy neutrinos also come from astrophysical and cosmic sources. The theory of neutrino interactions is reviewed. Current cross-section measurements and prospects for the future are discussed. The focus here is on neutrino interactions for energies larger than 1 TeV. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Volume 73 is September 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41272207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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