Technological Novelties and Scientific Discoveries with the Borexino Experiment

IF 11.3 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

ACS Catalysis Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI:10.1146/annurev-nucl-102622-021701

Gianpaolo Bellini

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Abstract

The Borexino experiment has developed, in its 32 years of activity, techniques and methods that allow for unprecedented radiopurity levels, which continue to be the current state of the art. These pioneering techniques and methods represent a new standard for ultra-low-background physics, a legacy that Borexino leaves to future experiments studying low-energy neutrinos and searching for rare events with detectors operating deep underground. The Borexino experiment leaves an equally influential scientific legacy with its discoveries and precise measurements of the nuclear processes that cause the Sun and stars to shine. Thanks to its unparalleled low background in the energy window of ∼150 keV to ∼15 MeV, the Borexino experiment also has contributed significantly to the understanding of neutrino oscillations with the observation of the energy-dependent matter to vacuum-dominated flavor conversion probability of solar neutrinos. Along with this textbook-quality body of solar neutrino results, the Borexino experiment has contributed to the study of the Earth's mantle radioactivity with background-free measurements of geoneutrinos. This article presents an overview of the long-lasting Borexino results and of the experimental efforts required to achieve them.

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Borexino 实验带来的技术创新和科学发现

博雷西诺实验在其 32 年的活动中开发出了各种技术和方法，使辐射纯度达到了前所未有的水平，这些技术和方法仍然是目前最先进的。这些开创性的技术和方法代表了超低背景物理学的新标准，这也是博雷西诺留给未来研究低能中微子的实验和利用运行在地下深处的探测器搜寻罕见事件的遗产。Borexino 实验发现并精确测量了导致太阳和恒星发光的核过程，从而留下了同样具有影响力的科学遗产。得益于其在∼150 keV至∼15 MeV能量窗口中无与伦比的低本底，Borexino实验还观测到了太阳中微子的能量依赖物质到真空主导的味道转换概率，为理解中微子振荡做出了重大贡献。除了这些教科书级别的太阳中微子研究成果之外，Borexino 实验还通过对地质中微子的无背景测量为地幔放射性研究做出了贡献。本文概述了 Borexino 的长期成果以及取得这些成果所需的实验努力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

ACS Catalysis CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL-

CiteScore

20.80

自引率

6.20%

发文量

1253

审稿时长

1.5 months

期刊介绍： ACS Catalysis is an esteemed journal that publishes original research in the fields of heterogeneous catalysis, molecular catalysis, and biocatalysis. It offers broad coverage across diverse areas such as life sciences, organometallics and synthesis, photochemistry and electrochemistry, drug discovery and synthesis, materials science, environmental protection, polymer discovery and synthesis, and energy and fuels. The scope of the journal is to showcase innovative work in various aspects of catalysis. This includes new reactions and novel synthetic approaches utilizing known catalysts, the discovery or modification of new catalysts, elucidation of catalytic mechanisms through cutting-edge investigations, practical enhancements of existing processes, as well as conceptual advances in the field. Contributions to ACS Catalysis can encompass both experimental and theoretical research focused on catalytic molecules, macromolecules, and materials that exhibit catalytic turnover.