Soft QCD Physics at the LHC: Highlights and Opportunities

IF 9.1 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, NUCLEAR

Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI:10.1146/annurev-nucl-121423-101050

P. Christiansen, P. Van Mechelen

引用次数: 0

Abstract

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN became operational in 2009 and has since then produced a plethora of physics results from proton–proton ( pp) collisions. This short review covers results that relate to soft quantum chromodynamics (QCD) with a focus on nondiffractive physics at midrapidity. Most of the presented results are based on transverse momentum spectra and related derived observables, including multiplicity, the average transverse momentum, and various particle ratios. Additionally, the phenomenon of the observed ridge and its potential connection to the formation of a quark–gluon plasma in pp collisions are discussed. The goals of the review are to introduce the topics and provide references for scientists joining the LHC program and to highlight what we consider to be the most interesting results and open questions, to inspire novel measurements.

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大型强子对撞机的软QCD物理：亮点与机遇

欧洲核子研究中心（CERN）的大型强子对撞机（LHC）于2009年投入运行，从那时起，质子-质子（pp）碰撞产生了大量的物理结果。这篇简短的综述涵盖了与软量子色动力学（QCD）有关的结果，重点是在中速下的非衍射物理。所提出的大多数结果都是基于横向动量谱和相关的推导观测值，包括多重性、平均横向动量和各种粒子比。此外，还讨论了观察到的脊现象及其与pp碰撞中夸克-胶子等离子体形成的潜在联系。回顾的目的是介绍主题，为加入LHC项目的科学家提供参考，并强调我们认为最有趣的结果和开放的问题，以激发新的测量方法。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science 物理-物理：核物理

CiteScore

21.50

自引率

0.80%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science is a publication that has been available since 1952. It focuses on various aspects of nuclear and particle science, including both theoretical and experimental developments. The journal covers topics such as nuclear structure, heavy ion interactions, oscillations observed in solar and atmospheric neutrinos, the physics of heavy quarks, the impact of particle and nuclear physics on astroparticle physics, and recent advancements in accelerator design and instrumentation. One significant recent change in the journal is the conversion of its current volume from gated to open access. This conversion was made possible through Annual Reviews' Subscribe to Open program. As a result, all articles published in the current volume are now freely available to the public under a CC BY license. This change allows for greater accessibility and dissemination of research in the field of nuclear and particle science.