Advances in Physics最新文献

{"title":"Lectures on quantum supreme matter","authors":"Jan Zaanen","doi":"10.1080/00018732.2024.2369389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00018732.2024.2369389","url":null,"abstract":"These notes are based on lectures serving the advanced graduate education of the Delta Institute of Theoretical Physics in the Netherlands in autumn 2021. The goal is to explain in a language that ...","PeriodicalId":7373,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142598228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jan Zaanen – In memoriam","authors":"Paolo G. Radaelli","doi":"10.1080/00018732.2024.2407708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00018732.2024.2407708","url":null,"abstract":"In September 2022 Joerg Schmalian (then co-Editor in Chief for Advances in Physics) made an interesting proposal: he has seen on ArXiv a manuscript by Jan Zaanen, containing what Joerg described as...","PeriodicalId":7373,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142452646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambipolarity of hydrogen in matter revealed by muons","authors":"Ryosuke Kadono, Hideo Hosono","doi":"10.1080/00018732.2024.2413342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00018732.2024.2413342","url":null,"abstract":"Despite being the simplest element, hydrogen (H) exhibits complex behavior in materials due to its unique ambipolar character. In particular, it is recognized as one of the most important impurities in semiconductor physics, because H is often unintentionally incorporated into materials and significantly influences the electrical properties of the host material. One of the few means that have been applied to obtain experimental information about the local electronic state of diluted H is the use of muon (Mu) as pseudo-H. Here, we present an overview on the “ambipolarity model” that provides a new paradigm for the microscopic understanding of Mu-related defects. Its essence lies in the fact that the information Mu yields is not about the equilibrium double-charge transition level (<span><img alt=\"\" data-formula-source='{\"type\":\"image\",\"src\":\"/cms/asset/4fb9b511-84f4-4430-881c-e82bd3c5949c/tadp_a_2413342_ilm0001.gif\"}' src=\"//:0\"/></span><span><img alt=\"\" data-formula-source='{\"type\":\"mathjax\"}' src=\"//:0\"/><math><msup><mi>E</mi><mrow><mo>+</mo><mrow><mo>/</mo></mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>) but about the donor/acceptor levels (<span><img alt=\"\" data-formula-source='{\"type\":\"image\",\"src\":\"/cms/asset/966dd945-1120-4423-b15c-bd6c6842ed2c/tadp_a_2413342_ilm0002.gif\"}' src=\"//:0\"/></span><span><img alt=\"\" data-formula-source='{\"type\":\"mathjax\"}' src=\"//:0\"/><math><msup><mi>E</mi><mrow><mn>0</mn><mrow><mo>/</mo></mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> and <span><img alt=\"\" data-formula-source='{\"type\":\"image\",\"src\":\"/cms/asset/6566842e-e530-4827-8e46-e67008aa1fec/tadp_a_2413342_ilm0003.gif\"}' src=\"//:0\"/></span><span><img alt=\"\" data-formula-source='{\"type\":\"mathjax\"}' src=\"//:0\"/><math><msup><mi>E</mi><mrow><mo>+</mo><mrow><mo>/</mo></mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>) associated with the relaxed-excited states of Mu. Most notably, the model resolves serious discrepancies between the implications from implanted-Mu studies and theoretical predictions on the electronic state of H from <i>ab initio</i> density functional theory calculations in oxide semiconductors that have hindered the coherent integration of both Mu and H knowledge. The model also suggests that hydride state (H<span><img alt=\"\" data-formula-source='{\"type\":\"image\",\"src\":\"/cms/asset/06746f1c-06f4-4df6-ba2f-b1ebaac78308/tadp_a_2413342_ilm0004.gif\"}' src=\"//:0\"/></span><span><img alt=\"\" data-formula-source='{\"type\":\"mathjax\"}' src=\"//:0\"/><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>−</mo></msup></math></span>) plays important roles in oxide materials, as found in a variety of recent examples. Based on these successes, the model is currently serving as a reliable guide for the interpretation of various Mu states observed in other insulating materials, for which several recent examples are presented.","PeriodicalId":7373,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142452599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Martingales for physicists: a treatise on stochastic thermodynamics and beyond","authors":"Édgar Roldán, Izaak Neri, Raphael Chetrite, Shamik Gupta, Simone Pigolotti, Frank Jülicher, Ken Sekimoto","doi":"10.1080/00018732.2024.2317494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00018732.2024.2317494","url":null,"abstract":"We review the theory of martingales as applied to stochastic thermodynamics and stochastic processes in physics more generally.","PeriodicalId":7373,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141098002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of uranium-based thin films","authors":"R. Springell, E. L. Bright, D. Chaney, L. M. Harding, C. Bell, R. Ward, G. Lander","doi":"10.1080/00018732.2023.2230292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00018732.2023.2230292","url":null,"abstract":"Thin films based on silicon and transition-metal elements dominate the semiconducting industry and are ubiquitous in all modern devices. Films have also been produced in the rare-earth series of elements for both research and specialized applications. Thin films of uranium and uranium dioxide were fabricated in the 1960s and 1970s, but there was little sustained effort until the early 2000s. Significant programmes started at Oxford University (transferring to Bristol University in 2011), and Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) in New Mexico, USA. In this review we cover the work that has been published over the last ~20 years with these materials. Important breakthroughs occurred with the fabrication of epitaxial thin films of initially uranium metal and UO2, but more recently of many other uranium compounds and alloys. These have led to a number of different experiments that are reviewed, as well as some important trends. The interaction with the substrate leads to differing strain and hence changes in properties. An important advantage is that epitaxial films can often be made of materials that are impossible to produce as bulk single crystals. Examples are U3O8, U2N3 and alloys of U-Mo, which form in a modified bcc structure. Epitaxial films may also be used in applied research. They represent excellent surfaces, and it is at the surfaces that most of the important reactions occur in the nuclear fuel cycle. For example, the fuel-cladding interactions, and the dissolution of fuel by water in the long-term storage of spent fuel. To conclude, we discuss possible future prospects, examples include bilayers containing uranium for spintronics, and superlattices that could be used in heterostructures. Such applications will require a more detailed knowledge of the interface interactions in these systems, and this is an important direction for future research.","PeriodicalId":7373,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47494384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Path integrals and stochastic calculus","authors":"Thibaut Arnoulx de Pirey, L. Cugliandolo, V. Lecomte, F. Wijland","doi":"10.1080/00018732.2023.2199229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00018732.2023.2199229","url":null,"abstract":"Path integrals are a ubiquitous tool in theoretical physics. However, their use is sometimes hindered by the lack of control on various manipulations -- such as performing a change of the integration path -- one would like to carry out in the light-hearted fashion that physicists enjoy. Similar issues arise in the field of stochastic calculus, which we review to prepare the ground for a proper construction of path integrals. At the level of path integration, and in arbitrary space dimension, we not only report on existing Riemannian geometry-based approaches that render path integrals amenable to the standard rules of calculus, but also bring forth new routes, based on a fully time-discretized approach, that achieve the same goal. We illustrate these various definitions of path integration on simple examples such as the diffusion of a particle on a sphere.","PeriodicalId":7373,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42790741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Properties of condensed matter from fundamental physical constants","authors":"K. Trachenko","doi":"10.1080/00018732.2023.2192172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00018732.2023.2192172","url":null,"abstract":"Fundamental physical constants play a profound role in physics. For example, they govern nuclear reactions, formation of stars, nuclear synthesis and stability of biologically vital elements. These are high-energy processes discussed in particle physics, astronomy and cosmology. More recently, it was realised that fundamental physical constants extend their governing reach to low-energy processes and properties operating in condensed matter systems, often in an unexpected way. These properties are those we experience daily and can routinely measure, including viscosity, thermal conductivity, elasticity and sound. Here, we review this work. We start with the lower bound on liquid viscosity, its origin and show how to relate the bound to fundamental physical constants. The lower bound of kinematic viscosity represents the global minimum on the phase diagram. We show how this result answers the long-standing question considered by Purcell and Weisskopf, namely why viscosity never falls below a certain value. An accompanying insight is that water viscosity and water-based life are well attuned to fundamental constants including the Planck constant. We then discuss viscosity minima in liquid He above and below the λ-point. We subsequently consider a very different property, thermal diffusivity, and show that it has the same minimum fixed by fundamental physical constants as viscosity. We also discuss bounds related to elastic properties, elastic moduli and their analogues in low-dimensional systems, and show how these bounds are related to the upper bound for the speed of sound. We conclude with listing ways in which the discussion of fundamental constants and bounds advance physical theories.","PeriodicalId":7373,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics","volume":"70 1","pages":"469 - 512"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46292151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To David Sherrington, Editor-in-Chief of Advances in Physics","authors":"P. Goldbart","doi":"10.1080/00018732.2022.2026631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00018732.2022.2026631","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7373,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics","volume":"70 1","pages":"353 - 354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49316839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unconventional density waves and superconductivities in Fe-based superconductors and other strongly correlated electron systems","authors":"H. Kontani, Rina Tazai, Y. Yamakawa, S. Onari","doi":"10.1080/00018732.2022.2144590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00018732.2022.2144590","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we review the recent significant progress in the theoretical studies of the electronic states by mainly focusing on Fe-based and cuprate superconductors. These superconductors are “unconventional” in that strong electron-electron correlation mediates the pairing; they are different from conventional phonon-mediated BCS superconductors. To seek the high- pairing mechanism, many scientists have focused on the mysterious spontaneous rotational symmetry breaking above , such as nematic order at and smectic order at . Such exotic correlation-driven symmetry breaking in metals has become a central issue in condensed matter physics. We demonstrate the emergence of the nematic and smectic orders due to orbital polarization ( ) and the symmetry breaking in the correlated inter-site hopping (= bond order ) in Fe-based and cuprate superconductors. In addition, we discuss exotic spontaneous loop current orders driven by the pure imaginary . These interesting “unconventional density-waves” originate from the quantum interference between different spin fluctuations that is described by the vertex correction (VC) in the field theory. In the next stage, we discuss electron-correlation-driven superconductivity due to the fluctuations of unconventional density-waves. For this purpose, we suggest the beyond-Migdal–Eliashberg gap equation by including the VCs into the equation. In Fe-based superconductors, high- s-wave superconductivity can be mediated by nematic and smectic fluctuations because the pairing interaction is magnified by the VCs. We also discuss the multipolar fluctuation pairing mechanism in heavy fermion systems, owing to the cooperation between the strong spin-orbit interaction and the strong electron correlation. To summarize, we suggest that the quantum interference mechanism described by the VCs plays essential roles in not only various unconventional density-waves but also exotic superconducting states in many strongly correlated metals. We finally discuss some interesting future issues with respect to the quantum interference mechanism.","PeriodicalId":7373,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics","volume":"70 1","pages":"355 - 443"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48751428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial","authors":"D. Sherrington","doi":"10.1080/00018732.2022.2026632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00018732.2022.2026632","url":null,"abstract":"With effect from the end of 2021, I shall cease as the Editor-in-Chief of Advances in Physics after 38 years. I have been honoured to have served and would like to thank all the authors, editors, referees and readers who have contributed to and supported the journal over the period of my tenure. From 1 January 2022, the journal will be directed by two new co-Editors-in-Chief, Prof Paolo Radaelli of the University of Oxford and Prof Joerg Schmalian of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. The journal’s most recent Impact Factor is 25.375. I wish both the journal and the new Editors-in-Chief continuing success.","PeriodicalId":7373,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Physics","volume":"70 1","pages":"351 - 351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45633346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}