Experimental Astronomy最新文献

{"title":"Correction of the influence of rolling shutter detectors on determining the velocity of meteors from video recordings","authors":"Lukáš Shrbený,&nbsp;Jiří Borovička,&nbsp;Pavel Spurný,&nbsp;Jan Mánek,&nbsp;Jan Fuchs","doi":"10.1007/s10686-026-10075-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10686-026-10075-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Modern video cameras use either global or rolling shutter to create individual video frames. In case of global shutter, the whole frames are exposed and read out at the same time. In case of rolling shutter, the exposure and readout proceed sequentially line by line. Such cameras are now commonly used for meteor observations. It is then necessary to perform a correction for this type of image reading in order to correctly and accurately determine the velocity of recorded meteors. We provide here the correct procedure, which replaces the previous assumption <span>(P=1/F)</span> with a measured value of <i>P</i>. The correction must include the value of the rolling period of the sensor, which is generally not provided in camera specifications. We discuss five methods of determining the rolling period experimentally. The most accurate method uses the New EXposure Timing Analyser (NEXTA) of [1]. We list rolling periods measured for several cameras.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":551,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Astronomy","volume":"62 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multispectral characterization of urban lighting transitions and atmospheric scattering impacts on dark-sky preserves using SDGSAT-1 glimmer imagery","authors":"Kazım Kaba,&nbsp;Sima Aydın,&nbsp;Rabia Beyza Türkmen,&nbsp;Fethullah Polat,&nbsp;Funda Aksoy,&nbsp;İlham Nasıroğlu,&nbsp;Cahit Yeşilyaprak,&nbsp;H. Mustafa Kandırmaz","doi":"10.1007/s10686-026-10074-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10686-026-10074-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a comprehensive framework for the radiometric restoration, multispectral classification, and environmental impact assessment of urban lighting using Sustainable Development Science Satellite (SDGSAT-1) Glimmer Imager data. Focusing on the TÜBİTAK National Observatory (TUG) in Antalya and the Eastern Anatolia Observatory (DAG) in Erzurum within the Türkiye National Observatories in Türkiye, we developed a radiance-based restoration workflow that strictly preserves faint stray light signals, validated by a strong log-linear correlation (<i>r</i> ≈ − 0.94) with in-situ Sky Quality Meter (SQM) measurements. Discrete classification revealed a marked “spectral shift” in Antalya, where white light emitting diodes (LED) coverage reached 9.2% driven by commercial zones, whereas Erzurum retained a spectrally homogeneous high-pressure sodium infrastructure (&gt; 77%). Crucially, a physically-based atmospheric scattering risk model uncovered a counter-intuitive phenomenon: despite Antalya’s larger footprint, Erzurum yielded a significantly higher total risk score (76,069 vs. 56,947). This paradox is resolved by distinguishing between geometric threats, driven by the sheer proximity of Erzurum’s core to DAG site, and spectral threats, caused by the high scattering efficiency of Antalya’s distant coastal LEDs. These findings demonstrate that SDGSAT-1 provides actionable evidence for differentiated conservation strategies, specifically, strict shielding for intensity-driven risks and spectral filtering for spectrum-driven threats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":551,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Astronomy","volume":"62 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148810958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orthomode transducer design for the broad W-Band CARUSO focal plane array receiver","authors":"Renzo Nesti,&nbsp;Kai Parow-Souchon,&nbsp;Mat Beardsley,&nbsp;Luke Bushnell,&nbsp;Fiachra Cahill,&nbsp;Luca Cresci,&nbsp;Nart Daghestani,&nbsp;Barry Davis,&nbsp;Brian N. Ellison,&nbsp;Robert Gallafent,&nbsp;Eimear Gallagher,&nbsp;Mike Harris,&nbsp;Peter G. Huggard,&nbsp;Peter Hunyor,&nbsp;Joel Keen,&nbsp;Ben Lane,&nbsp;Alessandro Navarrini,&nbsp;Luca Olmi,&nbsp;Simon Rea,&nbsp;Maria Reed","doi":"10.1007/s10686-026-10062-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10686-026-10062-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The design, fabrication, and performance of a millimeter-wave waveguide orthomode transducer (OMT) operating over an extended W-band frequency range 70–116 GHz is presented. The OMT has been designed for integration within a cryogenic radio astronomy focal plane array millimeter-wave receiver. In addition to delivering necessary millimeter-wave performance, a custom mechanical housing incorporating suitable waveguide interfaces is required. Within the OMT, a turnstile junction performs polarization separation of a signal entering a bespoke circular waveguide interface into two orthogonally polarized outputs via WR10 standard waveguide flanges. The device’s internal architecture was optimized using a combination of proprietary software and a commercially available 3-dimensional electromagnetic field analysis package. In order to demonstrate required performance, compactness and reliable production, two approaches were taken with respect to device mechanical fabrication: platelet and split block direct machining methods. Both structures were manufactured and tested at room temperature. Due to advantages in machining and assembly, the split block concept was selected for inclusion with the array receiver.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":551,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Astronomy","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10686-026-10062-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of the alternative SPS metrology algorithm for the ESA PROBA–3 formation flying mission","authors":"Gabriel José Gutiérrez,&nbsp;Elisa Capello,&nbsp;Silvano Fineschi,&nbsp;Maurizio Pancrazzi,&nbsp;Alessandro Bemporad,&nbsp;Gerardo Capobianco,&nbsp;Davide Loreggia,&nbsp;Francesco Amadori,&nbsp;Marta Casti,&nbsp;Raphael Rougeot","doi":"10.1007/s10686-026-10072-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10686-026-10072-w","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Project for On-Board Autonomy – 3 (PROBA-3) of the European Space Agency (ESA) is a technological demonstration mission for precise formation flying of two spacecrafts in a Highly Elliptical Earth Orbit (HEO). The mission’s main objective is to verify and validate high precision formation flying techniques, performing formation control, collision avoidance, and rendezvous operations; this goal can be achieved by operating a suite of different metrology systems. In addition to the technological goals, PROBA-3 accommodates the Association of Spacecraft for Polarimetric and Imaging Investigation of the Corona of the Sun (ASPIICS) scientific payload that takes advantage of the high precision formation flying capabilities to create a 144-meter externally occulted Coronagraph Instrument (CI), with the occulter on one satellite and the telescope on the other one. The metrology systems play the critical role for the success of the mission, and among these, the Shadow Position Sensors (SPS) has been designed and engineered to return the formation position with the highest accuracy. The SPS system consists of a set of 8 silicon photo-multipliers (SiPM) mounted in front of the ASPIICS telescope monitoring the symmetry of the penumbra projected by the external occulter on the coronagraph’s entrance pupil plane. A dedicated metrology algorithm converts the SiPM readout currents in relative and absolute lateral and longitudinal position coordinates that are provided to the GNC for fine formation maintenance manoeuvring. The flight algorithm has been developed by the team of the Astrophysical Observatory of Turin (OATo), part of the Italian National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), and is based on a pseudo-paraboloidal description of the expected penumbra profile. The algorithm has been successfully tested during the ASPIICS calibration campaign held in 2021 in Turin, Italy. The same algorithm has been implemented in the data reduction pipeline of the Science Operation Center (SOC) together with an alternative algorithm, proposed by ESA, in order to have a cross-validation and, when possible, a refinement of the SPS metrology performances. In this work, we followed the approach proposed by ESA to implement and validate this alternative algorithm. The suggested approach uses the Cardano’s method to determine the radial position of each sensor with respect to the centre of the projected umbra and to calculate the coordinates of the umbra centre in the reference system centred on the telescope’s entrance pupil. This procedure is computationally costly with respect to the flight algorithm; however, it can achieve higher accuracy in those regions where the pseudo-paraboloid returns greater positioning errors, while guaranteeing an axis-symmetric modeling of the penumbra profile. In this paper, the implementation of this alternative algorithm is described and the performance of the two algorithms are compared and discussed in order to determine their ad","PeriodicalId":551,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Astronomy","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10686-026-10072-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148628592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIPERION - high-resolution planetary explorer and remote imaging observer of natural uranian satellites","authors":"Pietro Fraccaroli,&nbsp;Alice Lucchetti,&nbsp;Giampiero Naletto,&nbsp;Maurizio Pajola,&nbsp;Luca Penasa","doi":"10.1007/s10686-026-10070-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10686-026-10070-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Identified as the planetary science top highest-priority objective for the next NASA decadal survey, the exploration of the Uranian planetary system requires advanced multispectral instrumentation to characterize the geomorphology and composition of its icy moons, Uranus’ rings and atmosphere. This paper presents the conceptual design and preliminary performance analysis of HIPERION - HIgh-resolution Planetary Explorer and Remote Imaging Observer of Natural Uranian satellites. This multispectral imager is a single-channel instrument operating across the 400–2400 nm VIS to SWIR spectral range. The optical design consists of an unobscured off-axis Three-Mirror Anastigmat (TMA) with a 200 mm clear aperture and an 1800 mm focal length (F/9). This work details the instrument architecture, optical design optimization and performance evaluation. Furthermore, it provides a preliminary set of 22 filters, radiometric model and tolerance analysis, demonstrating that HIPERION is a suitable and flexible solution for the exploration of the Uranian system, applicable to other icy worlds in the outer Solar System.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":551,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Astronomy","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10686-026-10070-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asteroids, algorithms, and explainability: a unified framework for efficient classification of near-Earth objects","authors":"Md Readion Islam Razon,&nbsp;Md Amir Hamja,&nbsp;Md. Tanjim,&nbsp;Md Nafish Fuad Tushar,&nbsp;Md. Ziaul Hassan,&nbsp;Mahmudul Hasan","doi":"10.1007/s10686-026-10071-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10686-026-10071-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate and timely classification of near-Earth asteroids is fundamental to planetary defense, as it directly supports threat assessment, observation prioritization, and mission planning. Despite recent advances, existing classification methods remain limited by severe class imbalance, insufficient robustness, and a lack of physical interpretability. This study introduces a comprehensive framework for predicting asteroid orbit classes using attention-driven Deep Learning (DL) and explainable techniques. These architectures are systematically benchmarked using orbital elements and physical parameters from a publicly available dataset for orbit class prediction. To ensure robustness under real-world data skew, multiple imbalance-handling strategies are incorporated into the evaluation pipeline. Experimental results demonstrate that the Tabular Network consistently outperforms competing models, achieving over 99.9% accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score across the diverse balancing settings. Beyond predictive performance, this work advances scientific transparency by incorporating comprehensive global and local explainability analyses. The results indicate that absolute magnitude, semi-major axis, perihelion distance and aphelion distance dominate model decisions, closely aligning with established principles of orbital mechanics. This study establishes a robust, interpretable, and physically consistent DL framework for reliable asteroid orbit classification in planetary defense applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":551,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Astronomy","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astro-DBA: An interpretable dual-view DenseNet-BiLSTM architecture for exoplanet transit detection","authors":"Ajay Waghumbare,&nbsp;Palgun T,&nbsp;Yogesh Bhore,&nbsp;Mandira Mondal","doi":"10.1007/s10686-026-10069-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10686-026-10069-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The exponential growth of photometric time-series data from space telescopes requires automated exoplanet vetting pipelines that are highly accurate, robust to noise, and physically interpretable. While traditional 1D Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have advanced transit detection, they inherently struggle with long-range temporal dependencies and often operate as opaque black boxes, raising concerns about their reliance on instrumental artifacts rather than genuine astrophysical geometry. To address these limitations, we propose Astro-DBA, an Astronomical Dual-View DenseNet-BiLSTM-Attention architecture. By decoupling macroscopic orbital dynamics from high-resolution transit morphology, the dual-view inputs enable 1D Dense Convolutional blocks to preserve critical low-level geometric features while mitigating vanishing gradients. Subsequently, a Bidirectional LSTM coupled with Scaled Dot-Product Attention models the temporal characteristics of transit events.Evaluated on the Kepler DR24 catalogue, Astro-DBA achieves an accuracy of 96.38% and an <span>(F_1)</span>-score of 96.40%, outperforming the evaluated generic architectures and domain-specific baselines on the DR24 benchmark. Furthermore, Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) is integrated into the feature extraction layers to improve model interpretability. The resulting attribution maps demonstrate that Astro-DBA successfully localizes transit regions in noisy observations and focuses on physically meaningful ingress, trough, and egress structures, supporting transparent and reliable exoplanet candidate classification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":551,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Astronomy","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computing visual binary orbits via MCMC methods","authors":"Samah H. El-Essawy,&nbsp;Mohamed I. Nouh,&nbsp;Helal I. Abdel Rahman,&nbsp;Abaker A. Hassaballa","doi":"10.1007/s10686-026-10066-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10686-026-10066-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Determining precise orbits for visual binary stars is fundamental for deriving stellar masses and testing stellar evolutionary models. Yet, it remains challenging due to sparse, noisy astrometric data and the nonlinearity of orbital motion. This paper introduces a robust, integrated Bayesian framework for visual binary orbit determination and ephemerides prediction using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methodology. Our pipeline employs a multi-stage approach: we first perform global exploration of apparent ellipse coefficients via simulated annealing, refine them with MCMC sampling, and then derive the Campbell orbital elements. A key feature is the explicit, high-precision numerical solution of Kepler’s equation within the statistical sampler at every iteration, ensuring strict self-consistent Keplerian dynamics throughout the chain and achieving Newton-Raphson-level precision with absolute errors of ~ 10⁻¹¹. The framework is validated against ADS 9982 (WDS J16160 + 0721, STF 2026 AB), a Grade 3 short-arc system whose observed arc covers only ~ 40° of its full revolution, precisely the regime where classical conic-section fitting methods fail. Our derived orbital elements are in close agreement with the Sixth Catalog solution across all seven elements, with a period of <i>P</i> = 408.765 year and eccentricity e = 0.8135, demonstrating that the MCMC framework succeeds where the classical Kowalsky method produces a non-elliptic conic fit. Applied subsequently to four historical visual binaries with well-covered orbits, ADS 6554, ADS 1709, ADS 10,188, and ADS 281, the method produces orbital elements in strong quantitative agreement with established literature while providing refined, probabilistic estimates of their uncertainties. Updated ephemerides through 2030 are generated for all four systems, providing statistically rigorous, credible predictive intervals directly applicable to observational planning with current high-resolution facilities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":551,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Astronomy","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of machine learning methods for proton energy reconstruction on space based high granularity calorimeter","authors":"C. L. Liao,&nbsp;X. F. Tang,&nbsp;Z. Quan,&nbsp;Y. W. Dong,&nbsp;M. Xu,&nbsp;T. W. Bao,&nbsp;X. Liu,&nbsp;J. J. Wang,&nbsp;R. J. Wang,&nbsp;Z. G. Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10686-026-10068-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10686-026-10068-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The main scientific subjects of the High Energy Cosmic-Radiation Detection (HERD) facility are searching for dark matter, precise measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum, and gamma-ray sky survey observations. HERD’s three-dimensional imaging calorimeter with five sensitive faces introduces a new challenge for reconstructing particles incident from all directions. In this study, multiple machine learning models based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Vision Transformer (ViT) and ParticleNet are constructed for the proton energy reconstruction in HERD’s calorimeter. By intelligently identifying three-dimensional shower images of incident particle within the detector, the primary energy is predicted. The shower primary axis information and the extension of the training energy range has significantly improved the model performance. The best model achieves a prediction bias of less than 1% and a resolution of approximately 22%@100–1000 GeV for the high energy protons incident from all directions. Furthermore, the model is validated using beam test data, demonstrating a resolution of 16%@350 GeV in a calorimeter prototype. This work highlights the significant potential of machine learning in high granularity calorimeter.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":551,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Astronomy","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An automated algorithmic method to mitigate long-term variations in the efficiency of the GRAPES-3 muon telescope","authors":"S. Paul,&nbsp;K. P. Arunbabu,&nbsp;M. Chakraborty,&nbsp;S. K. Gupta,&nbsp;B. Hariharan,&nbsp;Y. Hayashi,&nbsp;P. Jagadeesan,&nbsp;A. Jain,&nbsp;P. Jain,&nbsp;M. Karthik,&nbsp;S. Kawakami,&nbsp;H. Kojima,&nbsp;K. Manjunath,&nbsp;P. K. Mohanty,&nbsp;S. D. Morris,&nbsp;Y. Muraki,&nbsp;P. K. Nayak,&nbsp;T. Nonaka,&nbsp;A. Oshima,&nbsp;D. Pattanaik,&nbsp;B. Rajesh,&nbsp;M. Rameez,&nbsp;K. Ramesh,&nbsp;B. S. Rao,&nbsp;L. V. Reddy,&nbsp;S. Shibata,&nbsp;K. Tanaka,&nbsp;F. Varsi,&nbsp;M. Zuberi","doi":"10.1007/s10686-026-10067-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10686-026-10067-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The GRAPES-3 large area muon telescope with its sixteen independent modules records the high energy (&gt;1 GeV) muons continuously over 2.3 sr of the sky. However, the recorded muon rates are contaminated by instrumental effects and instabilities spanning both short- and long-timescales, such as variations in the efficiency of the detector. We present an automated, algorithmic method, which employs Bayesian blocks to discretize the data stream into periods and exploits the correlations among the sixteen independent modules of the muon telescope to separate the impact of these instrumental problems from those originating in physical effects of interest, allowing the Savitzky-Golay filter to be employed to mitigate the former. Compared to legacy methods, this method is less dependent on subjective input from experimental operators and provides a data stream in which known instrumental effects are substantially mitigated over long timescales. The muon rate obtained with the new method shows a modestly better correlation with neutron monitor data than that obtained with the legacy method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":551,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Astronomy","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148465772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}