European Physical Journal-special Topics最新文献

{"title":"On internal mechanical properties of electroweak magnetic monopoles and their effects on stability.","authors":"Konstantinos Farakos, George Koutsoumbas, Nick E Mavromatos, Alexandros Zarafonitis","doi":"10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-02083-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-02083-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>By considering properties of the energy-momentum tensor of the electroweak magnetic monopole and its Born-Infeld extension, we attempt to make comments on the stability of these configurations. Specifically, we perform a study of the behaviour of the so-called internal force and pressure of these extended field-theoretic solitonic objects, which are derived from the energy-momentum tensor. Our method is slightly different from the so-called Laue's criterion for stability of nuclear matter, a local form of which had been proposed and applied in the earlier literature to the 't Hooft-Polyakov (HP) magnetic monopole, and found to be violated. By applying our method first to HP monopole, we also observe that, despite its topological stability, the total (finite) internal force (which has only radial components) is directed inwards, towards the centre of the monopole, which would imply instability. Thus this mechanical criterion for stability is arguably violated in the case of the HP monopole, as is the local version of Laue's criterion. The criterion is satisfied for the short-range part of the energy momentum tensor, in which the long-range part, due to the massless photon of the U(1) subgroup, is subtracted. This makes the HP monopole mechanically stable by our criterion, which is also confirmed due to its proven topological stability. Par contrast, the total internal force of the Cho-Maison (CM) electroweak monopole has both radial and angular components, which diverge at the origin, leading to rotational instabilities, violating the short-range Laue's criterion for stability. Finally, by studying extensions of the CM, in which the latter is embedded in theories with non-minimal couplings of the hypercharge and Higgs sectors, as well as higher-derivative electromagnetic interactions of Born-Infeld type, we find that the total force, integrated over space, is finite, but, in the Born-Infeld case it has also angular components. The latter feature is interpreted as indicating that, unlike the rest of the CM extensions, the Born-Infeld-CM monopole might be subject to rotations upon the action of perturbations, but this does not necessarily imply mechanical instabilities of the configuration. For such unstable composite monopoles, one expects a decay after production into charged constituent <math><msup><mi>W</mi> <mo>±</mo></msup> </math> bosons, which are in principle detectable at colliders.</p>","PeriodicalId":12221,"journal":{"name":"European Physical Journal-special Topics","volume":"235 25","pages":"5361-5413"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13630965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149106403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some inverse problems in particle physics.","authors":"Luigi Del Debbio","doi":"10.1140/epjs/s11734-026-02466-w","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjs/s11734-026-02466-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inverse problems play a central role in current areas of research in particle phenomenology. In these lectures, we focus on two examples, the extraction of Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs) from experimental data (or, equivalently, from pseudo- and quasi-PDFs computed in lattice QCD), and the extraction of spectral functions from lattice Euclidean time correlators. We investigate in detail three different approaches, namely Backus-Gilbert, Gaussian Processes, and fits based on Neural Network parametrizations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12221,"journal":{"name":"European Physical Journal-special Topics","volume":"235 17","pages":"3795-3846"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13457332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148711854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relativistic independence and multipartite quantum correlations.","authors":"Rain Lenny, Amit Te'eni, Michael Suleymanov, Eliahu Cohen","doi":"10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-01836-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-01836-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multipartite quantum correlations are complex and intricate, posing challenges for their detection and quantification. Nevertheless, they are central to both fundamental quantum science and its numerous applications. We discuss several approaches for analyzing quantum correlations, with an emphasis on the Relativistic Independence framework which allows one to detect and differentiate classes of multipartite entangled states, while also yielding refined quantum bounds on multipartite systems. This framework is shown to rely on a recently demonstrated tradeoff between local and nonlocal correlations, signifying the enabling power of quantum uncertainty. Furthermore, we examine these notions from the broader perspective of quantum reference frames (QRFs), attempting to see which of the above concepts are perspective-dependent and which are not. Large parts of the current discussion, as well as many of the quantitative results presented, specifically rely on the structure of the covariance matrix, whose determinant remains invariant under QRF changes, thereby signaling its fundamental significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12221,"journal":{"name":"European Physical Journal-special Topics","volume":"235 11","pages":"2835-2854"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13354669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148419707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating power corrections for the Drell-Yan process.","authors":"Ekta Chaubey, Pooja Mukherjee","doi":"10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-02073-1","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-02073-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We study power corrections in the Drell-Yan (DY) process using state-of-the-art predictions for both neutral and charged current production. For both types of DY processes, we account for power corrections arising from bottom and charm quark effects within a variable flavor number scheme. Our results show that these corrections become significant in the low-<i>Q</i> region. We also ensure proper treatment of overlapping contributions by carefully applying matching procedures to eliminate any double counting.</p>","PeriodicalId":12221,"journal":{"name":"European Physical Journal-special Topics","volume":"234 26","pages":"8077-8083"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12999752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147497855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<ArticleTitle xmlns:ns0=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">Sterile neutrinos at MAPP in the <ns0:math><ns0:mrow><ns0:mi>B</ns0:mi> <ns0:mo>-</ns0:mo> <ns0:mi>L</ns0:mi></ns0:mrow> </ns0:math> model.","authors":"Frank F Deppisch, Suchita Kulkarni, Wei Liu","doi":"10.1140/epjs/s11734-026-02205-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-026-02205-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The possibility of searching for right-handed neutrinos at the MoEDAL's Apparatus for Penetrating Particles (MAPP) detector is investigated in this work. In particular, pair-production of right-handed (RH) neutrinos <i>N</i> from either a <math><mrow><mi>B</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>L</mi></mrow> </math> gauge boson <math><msup><mi>Z</mi> <mo>'</mo></msup> </math> , as well as a Standard Model (SM) <i>Z</i> boson are considered. Under a no-background assumption, we show that the MAPP detector can be sensitive to active-sterile neutrino mixing strengths as low as <math> <mrow><msubsup><mi>V</mi> <mrow><mi>μ</mi> <mi>N</mi></mrow> <mn>2</mn></msubsup> <mo>≈</mo> <msup><mn>10</mn> <mrow><mo>-</mo> <mn>12</mn></mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math> for multiple choices of <math> <mrow><msub><mi>m</mi> <mi>N</mi></msub> <mo>/</mo> <msub><mi>m</mi> <msup><mi>Z</mi> <mo>'</mo></msup> </msub> </mrow> </math> values, when taking the <math><mrow><mi>B</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>L</mi></mrow> </math> gauge coupling <math> <mrow><msub><mi>g</mi> <mrow><mi>B</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>L</mi></mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msup><mn>10</mn> <mrow><mo>-</mo> <mn>3</mn></mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math> near its current limit. The SM <i>Z</i> boson portal can reach a similar sensitivity, when the effective mixing between the <math><mrow><mi>B</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>L</mi></mrow> </math> and SM gauge boson is <math><mrow><mi>α</mi> <mo>≈</mo> <mn>0.002</mn></mrow> </math> .</p>","PeriodicalId":12221,"journal":{"name":"European Physical Journal-special Topics","volume":"235 25","pages":"5595-5606"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13630910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149106327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the stability of Born-Infeld-regularised electroweak monopoles.","authors":"N E Mavromatos, Sarben Sarkar","doi":"10.1140/epjs/s11734-026-02268-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-026-02268-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Cho-Maison monopole provides a monopole solution of the electroweak field equations, but possesses an infinite classical energy due to the Maxwell form of the hypercharge sector. Motivated by string-inspired effective field theories, we study the perturbative stability of the Cho-Maison monopole when the hypercharge kinetic term is regularised by a Born-Infeld extension, which renders the monopole energy finite. Focussing on the bosonic electroweak theory with an unmodified <math><mrow><mi>S</mi> <mi>U</mi> <msub><mrow><mo>(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>)</mo></mrow> <mi>L</mi></msub> </mrow> </math> sector and a Born-Infeld <math><mrow><mi>U</mi> <msub><mrow><mo>(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo></mrow> <mi>Y</mi></msub> </mrow> </math> sector, we analyse linear fluctuations about the regularised monopole background. Using a complex tetrad and a spin-weighted harmonic decomposition, we reduce the fluctuation equations to coupled radial Schrödinger-type eigenvalue problems and examine the spectrum of the resulting operators. We extend the separation-of-variables framework developed by Gervalle and Volkov to this nonlinear gauge field setting. We show that, after appropriate gauge fixing and constraint elimination, the Born-Infeld deformation preserves the angular channel structure of the Maxwell theory and leads to a self-adjoint Sturm-Liouville-type problem for the stability of the radial modes, with modified radial coefficients determined by the background Born-Infeld profile. The resulting operator represents a smooth deformation of the Maxwell case and retains positive kinetic weight. Our results provide plausible evidence for the stability of the Born-Infeld-deformed monopole and, most importantly, a systematic framework for future numerical or variational studies aimed at a definitive spectral analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12221,"journal":{"name":"European Physical Journal-special Topics","volume":"235 25","pages":"5417-5442"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13630980/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149106377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of staging of fluidic oscillation on microbubble generation in viscous liquids.","authors":"Pratik Desai, Sarah F R Taylor, Johan Jaquemin, Christopher Hardacre, William B Zimmerman","doi":"10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-01927-y","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-01927-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbubbles are broadly defined as gas-liquid interfaces smaller than 1 mm and larger than 1 μm. Conventional modes of microbubble generation (ultrasound, ablative technologies, and electrolytic mechanisms) requires large amounts of energy and generate a wide distribution of microbubbles. Fluidic oscillation is an energy-efficient technique used for microbubble generation capable of generating a fairly monodisperse population of microbubbles compared to conventional bubbling. This study hypothesises that partial liquid wetting of membrane pores further benefits microbubble production. The partial liquid wetting can be introduced by utilising the 'off' portion of the fluidic oscillator, resulting in liquid imbibition. This liquid imbibition temporarily changes the membrane dynamics with intrapore wetting by the liquid. Therefore, using steady flow immediately after this operation would result in a similar behaviour (smaller bubble size) temporarily. This results in an interesting interplay between the two conditions-conventional bubbling (steady flow) and oscillatory flow, thereby presenting an intermediate condition with an associated reduction in bubble size when staged appropriately, i.e., for steady flow bubbling post-fluidic oscillator application. The resultant average bubble size is 25% lower than the steady flow bubbling prior to fluidic oscillation application but is dependent on physico-chemical properties: primarily viscosity and wetting angle. An intermediary condition is set based on the staging resulting in a 25-50% reduction in bubble size from steady-flow dynamics post-application of the oscillatory flow.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong>Lubrication and hysteresis effect.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-01927-y.</p>","PeriodicalId":12221,"journal":{"name":"European Physical Journal-special Topics","volume":"235 1","pages":"121-144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13086715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147722307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An order parameter for synchronisation of angular velocities.","authors":"Julian Newman, Joe Rowland Adams, Philip T Clemson, Aneta Stefanovska","doi":"10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-01984-3","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-01984-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Order parameters have proved a vital tool for simplifying and understanding complex dynamics in a range of physical systems. However, applying these approaches to the high-dimensional time-dependent variability inherent to thermodynamically open systems-such as those found in neural networks and climate dynamics-remains a challenge. We introduce a novel order parameter based on alignment of component frequencies, in contrast to the widely used Kuramoto order parameter's alignment of process phases. We present numerical simulations comparing this new parameter to the Kuramoto order parameter in a range of models, including a prototypical phase-oscillator model relevant to many open systems, such as neuronal dynamics. These results show that the new parameter more accurately identifies synchronisation in conditions characteristic of open systems, revealing dynamics entirely missed by established methods.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-01984-3.</p>","PeriodicalId":12221,"journal":{"name":"European Physical Journal-special Topics","volume":"235 21","pages":"4475-4487"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strongly resonant polarization dynamics of pulse trains in a spin-flip model for an excitable microlaser with delayed self-feedback.","authors":"Stefan Ruschel, Sylvain Barbay, Neil G R Broderick, Bernd Krauskopf","doi":"10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-02082-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjs/s11734-025-02082-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Motivated by recent experimental observations concerning the polarization dynamics in an excitable microlaser with saturable absorber coupled to an external feedback mirror reported in Ruschel et al. (Opt Lett 50(8):2618, 2025), we propose here an in-depth theoretical investigation of the locked dynamics of regenerative vectorial pulse trains that this system produces. We perform a numerical bifurcation analysis of self-sustained pulse trains of a corresponding spin-flip model with delayed feedback. Its focus is on strongly resonant regimes, where the modulation of the peak intensities of polarized regenerative pulse trains locks to two, three and four times the pulse regeneration time. Specifically, we identify points of strongly resonant rotation numbers on curves of torus bifurcations in the parameter plane of the amplitude and phase anisotropy parameters, and continue emerging curves of fold and period-doubling bifurcations to identify locking regions. In this way, we clarify where pulse trains show strongly resonant polarization dynamics and highlight that even weak polarization coupling in delay-coupled microlasers creates considerable dynamical richness. These results may have impact on the design of future coupled microlaser systems for neuroinspired on-chip computing, where the polarization of an excitable pulse can be used to encode or process information.</p>","PeriodicalId":12221,"journal":{"name":"European Physical Journal-special Topics","volume":"235 10","pages":"2497-2509"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13341922/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148411083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solving coupled non-linear schrödinger equations via quantum imaginary time evolution.","authors":"Yang Hong Li, Jim Al-Khalili, Paul Stevenson","doi":"10.1140/epjs/s11734-024-01384-z","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjs/s11734-024-01384-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coupled non-linear Schrödinger equations are crucial in describing dynamics of many-particle systems. We present a quantum imaginary time evolution (ITE) algorithm as a solution to such equations in the case of nuclear Hartree-Fock approach. Under a simplified Skyrme interaction model, we calculate the ground state energy of an oxygen-16 nucleus and demonstrate that the result is in agreement with the classical ITE algorithm. We examine bottlenecks and deficiencies in the quantum algorithm and suggest possible improvements.</p>","PeriodicalId":12221,"journal":{"name":"European Physical Journal-special Topics","volume":"234 20","pages":"6323-6341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12827438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146046164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}