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A Diagrammatic Formulation of Local Realism 局部现实主义的图解形式
IF 1.2 3区 物理与天体物理
Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-025-00851-4
James Fullwood
{"title":"A Diagrammatic Formulation of Local Realism","authors":"James Fullwood","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00851-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00851-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Given two parties performing experiments in separate laboratories, we provide a diagrammatic formulation of what it means for the joint statistics of their experiments to satisfy local realism. In particular, we show that the principles of locality and realism are both captured by a single commutative diagram in the category of probability-preserving maps between finite probability spaces, and we also show that an assumption of such a diagrammatic formulation of local realism implies the standard CHSH inequality associated with dichotomic random variables. As quantum theory is known not to satisfy local realism, our formulation of local realism in terms of commutative diagrams provides yet another way in which the notion of non-commutativity plays a fundamental role in quantum theory. We note that we do not assume any prior knowledge of category theory or quantum theory, as this work is intended for philosophers, mathematicians and physicists alike.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"55 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Deriving Ontological Statements from the Unnatural Higgs Mass 从非自然希格斯质量推导本体论陈述
IF 1.2 3区 物理与天体物理
Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-025-00852-3
Johannes Branahl
{"title":"Deriving Ontological Statements from the Unnatural Higgs Mass","authors":"Johannes Branahl","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00852-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00852-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We provide novel, metatheoretical arguments strengthening the position that the naturalness problem of the light Higgs mass is a pseudo-problem: Under one assumption, no physics beyond the standard model of particle physics is needed to explain the small value of the Higgs boson. By evaluating previous successes of the guiding principle of technical naturalness, we restrict its applicability to non-fundamental phenomena in the realm of provisional theories within limited energy scales. In view of further breaches of autonomy of scales in apparently fundamental phenomena outside particle physics, the hierarchy problem of the Higgs mass is instead reinterpreted as an indication of the ontologically fundamental status of the Higgs boson. Applying the concept of robustness of theoretical elements under theory changes by Worrall and Williams justifies this seemingly contradictory attribution within the effective theories of the standard model of particle physics. Moreover, we argue that the ongoing naturalness debate about the Higgs mass is partly based on the adherence to the methodology of effective theories (often claimed to be universally applicable), for which there is no justification when dealing with presumably fundamental phenomena such as the Higgs mechanism, even if it is embedded into an effective theory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"55 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the Meaning of Local Symmetries: Epistemic-ontological Dialectics
IF 1.2 3区 物理与天体物理
Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-025-00849-y
J. François, L. Ravera
{"title":"On the Meaning of Local Symmetries: Epistemic-ontological Dialectics","authors":"J. François,&nbsp;L. Ravera","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00849-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00849-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We propose our account of the meaning of local symmetries. We argue that the general covariance principle and gauge principle both are principles of democratic epistemic access to the law of physics, leading to ontological insights about the objective nature of spacetime. We further argue that relationality is a core notion of general-relativistic gauge field theory, tacitly encoded by its (active) local symmetries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"55 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10701-025-00849-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Against Radical Relationalism: in Defense of the Ordinal Structure of Time 反对激进的关系主义：为时间的有序结构辩护
IF 1.2 3区 物理与天体物理
Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-025-00850-5
Álvaro Mozota Frauca
{"title":"Against Radical Relationalism: in Defense of the Ordinal Structure of Time","authors":"Álvaro Mozota Frauca","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00850-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00850-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Some authors in the quantum gravity community endorse, explicitly or implicitly, a radical relationalist view of time which states that the ordinal structure of time is not needed even in our classical theories, especially in general relativity. In this article I analyze this position and the arguments supporting it, and I argue that there are some serious concerns with some of the radical relationalists’ arguments which make it an unattractive position. In this sense, I conclude that the chrono-ordinal structures of our theories play important theoretical and explanatory roles and that they can be taken to be part of the empirical content of our theories.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"55 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Atemporality from Conservation Laws of Physics in Lorentzian-Euclidean Black Holes 从洛伦兹-欧几里得黑洞的物理守恒定律看非时间性
IF 1.2 3区 物理与天体物理
Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-025-00848-z
Silvia De Bianchi, Salvatore Capozziello, Emmanuele Battista
{"title":"Atemporality from Conservation Laws of Physics in Lorentzian-Euclidean Black Holes","authors":"Silvia De Bianchi,&nbsp;Salvatore Capozziello,&nbsp;Emmanuele Battista","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00848-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00848-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent results have shown that singularities can be avoided from the general relativistic standpoint in Lorentzian-Euclidean black holes by means of the transition from a Lorentzian to an Euclidean region where time loses its physical meaning and becomes imaginary. This dynamical mechanism, dubbed “atemporality”, prevents the emergence of black hole singularities and the violation of conservation laws. In this paper, the notion of atemporality together with a detailed discussion of its implications is presented from a philosophical perspective. The main result consists in showing that atemporality is naturally related to conservation laws.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"55 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10701-025-00848-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bayesianism, Conditional Probability and Laplace Law of Succession in Quantum Mechanics 量子力学中的贝叶斯、条件概率和拉普拉斯演替定律
IF 1.2 3区 物理与天体物理
Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-025-00842-5
Tsubasa Ichikawa
{"title":"Bayesianism, Conditional Probability and Laplace Law of Succession in Quantum Mechanics","authors":"Tsubasa Ichikawa","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00842-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00842-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present a comparative study between classical probability and quantum probability from the Bayesian viewpoint, where probability is construed as our rational degree of belief on whether a given statement is true. From this viewpoint, including conditional probability, three issues are discussed: (i) given a measure of the rational degree of belief, does it satisfy the axioms of the probability? (ii) Given the probability satisfying these axioms, is it seen as the measure of the rational degree of belief? (iii) Can the measure of the rational degree of belief be evaluated in terms of the relative frequency of events occurring? Here we show that as with the classical probability, all these issues can be resolved affirmatively in the quantum probability, provided that the relation to the relative frequency is slightly modified from the Laplace law of succession in case of a small number of observations. This implies that the relation between the Bayesian probability and the relative frequency in quantum mechanics is the same as that in the classical probability theory, including conditional probability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"55 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Participatory Universe in the Realist Mode: On the Separation of Observational and Agentive Perspectives in Classical and Quantum Mechanics 现实主义模式下的参与性宇宙：论经典力学与量子力学中观测视角与代理视角的分离
IF 1.2 3区 物理与天体物理
Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-025-00843-4
Jenann Ismael
{"title":"A Participatory Universe in the Realist Mode: On the Separation of Observational and Agentive Perspectives in Classical and Quantum Mechanics","authors":"Jenann Ismael","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00843-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00843-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In most day-to-day physics, one is modelling other systems and it is possible to maintain a provisional separation of subject and object, or of investigator and system being investigated. Ultimately, though, we are part of the universe. The fact that we act in the domain that we are representing can make it impossible to stabilize certain facts or features of the world as objects of knowledge. I’ll suggest that this casts light on the sense in which the universe is participatory and use differences in the way that the effects propagate to distinguish the classical and quantum worlds.  </p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"55 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Curved Spacetimes from Quantum Mechanics 量子力学中的弯曲时空
IF 1.2 3区 物理与天体物理
Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-025-00847-0
László B. Szabados
{"title":"Curved Spacetimes from Quantum Mechanics","authors":"László B. Szabados","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00847-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00847-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ultimate extension of Penrose’s Spin Geometry Theorem is given. It is shown how the <i>local</i> geometry of any <i>curved</i> Lorentzian 4-manifold (with <span>(C^2)</span> metric) can be derived in the classical limit using only the observables in the algebraic formulation of abstract Poincaré-invariant elementary quantum mechanical systems. In particular, for any point <i>q</i> of the classical spacetime manifold and curvature tensor there, there exists a composite system built from finitely many Poincaré-invariant elementary quantum mechanical systems and a sequence of its states, defining the classical limit, such that, in this limit, the value of the distance observables in these states tends with asymptotically vanishing uncertainty to lengths of spacelike geodesic segments in a convex normal neighbourhood <i>U</i> of <i>q</i> that determine the components of the curvature tensor at <i>q</i>. Since the curvature at <i>q</i> determines the metric on <i>U</i> up to third order corrections, the metric structure of curved <span>(C^2)</span> Lorentzian 4-manifolds is recovered from (or, alternatively, can be <i>defined</i> by the observables of) abstract Poincaré-invariant quantum mechanical systems.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"55 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A No-Go Theorem for (psi )-Ontic Models? No, Surely Not! (psi ) -Ontic模型的不可行定理？不，当然不是！
IF 1.2 3区 物理与天体物理
Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-025-00845-2
Shan Gao
{"title":"A No-Go Theorem for (psi )-Ontic Models? No, Surely Not!","authors":"Shan Gao","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00845-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00845-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In a recent reply to my criticisms (Carcassi et al. in Found Phys 55:5, 2025), Carcassi, Oldofredi, and Aidala (COA) admitted that their no-go result for <span>(psi )</span>-ontic models is based on the implicit assumption that all states are equally distinguishable, but insisted that this assumption is a part of the <span>(psi )</span>-ontic models defined by Harrigan and Spekkens, thus maintaining their result’s validity. In this note, I refute their argument again, emphasizing that the ontological models framework (OMF) does not entail this assumption. I clarify the distinction between ontological distinctness and experimental distinguishability, showing that the latter depends on dynamics absent from OMF, and address COA’s broader claims about quantum statistical mechanics and Bohmian mechanics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"55 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Quantum Theory of the Electromagnetic Field in the Weyl–Wigner Representation as a Local Realistic Model 作为局部现实模型的Weyl-Wigner表示中的电磁场量子理论
IF 1.2 3区 物理与天体物理
Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-025-00835-4
Emilio Santos
{"title":"The Quantum Theory of the Electromagnetic Field in the Weyl–Wigner Representation as a Local Realistic Model","authors":"Emilio Santos","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00835-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00835-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>I revisit the Wigner (or Weyl–Wigner, WW) representation of the quantum electromagnetic field. I show that, assuming that Fock states are just mathematical concepts devoid of physical reality, WW suggests a realistic interpretation which turns out to be (classical) Maxwell theory with the assumption that there is a random radiation filling space, the vacuum field. I elucidate why, in sharp contrast, non-relativistic quantum mechanics of particles does not admit a realistic interpretation via WW. I interpret experiments involving entangled light beams within WW, in particular optical tests of Bell inequalities. I show that WW provides clues in order to construct local models for those experiments. I give arguments why Bell definition of local realism is not general enough.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"55 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10701-025-00835-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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