Foundations of Physics最新文献

{"title":"Review of Accelerating Expansion: Philosophy and Physics with a Positive Cosmological Constant, by Gordon Belot","authors":"Franciszek Cudek, James Read","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00822-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00822-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"55 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Quantum Information Require Additional Structure?","authors":"Ryszard Horodecki","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00828-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00828-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We consider the status of quantum information in the quantum theory and based on the correspondence principle, we propose an interpretation of the wave function as a mathematical representation of quantum information. We consider Clauser’s analysis of incompatibility formulations of quantum theory in laboratory space and configuration space in the context of local realism. Then, we introduce the hypothesis of quantum space of directly unobserved relations, which precede quantum correlations, and are compatible with the Reichenbach common cause principle. The possible implications of the hypothesis are discussed in the context of the latest experimental and theoretical results on the dynamics of entanglement formation in helium atoms. Finally, we present the Chyliński model as an example of quantum relational continuum space, which predicts potentially measurable effects for the bound states.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"55 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unitary Time Evolution in Quantum Mechanics is a Stronger Physical Postulate than Linear Time Evolution","authors":"Edward Parker","doi":"10.1007/s10701-024-00818-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-024-00818-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Discussions of quantum mechanics often loosely claim that time evolution logically must be unitary, in order for the probabilistic interpretation of the amplitudes of the state vector to make sense at all times. We discuss from first principles whether this claim is true: if we assume only that the time-evolution operator is <i>linear</i>, then does the stronger requirement that it be <i>unitary</i> follow from the other axioms of quantum mechanics? The answer is subtle. We discuss two mathematically distinct but physically equivalent formulations of the axioms of quantum mechanics, and consider generalizing each to postulate only that time evolution is linear. Within one formulation, the unitarity of time evolution follows logically from the other axioms – but within the other formulation, it does not. Allowing the time-evolution operator to be (a priori) arbitrarily linear does not change the physical observables in one formulation of quantum mechanics, but changes the other formulation to a <i>distinct</i> (internally consistent) physical theory that allows new phenomenology like (e.g.) faster-than-light communication. Therefore, the unitarity of time evolution is arguably better thought of as a logically independent and experimentally falsifiable axiom of quantum mechanics, not as a tautological consequence of the other axioms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10701-024-00818-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary Constraints: Gauss’ Law as a Toy Model for Gluing","authors":"Ingemar Bengtsson,&nbsp;István Rácz","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00829-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00829-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is possible to solve the Einstein constraint equations as an evolutionary rather than an elliptic system. Here we consider the Gauss constraint in electrodynamics as a toy model for this. We use a combination of the evolutionary method with the gluing construction to produce initial data for an electromagnetic pulse surrounded by vacuum. It turns out that solving the evolutionary form of the constraint is straightforward, and explicitly yields the desired type of initial data. In contrast, proving the existence of a solution to the same problem within the elliptic setting requires sophisticated arguments based on functional analysis</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10701-025-00829-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Unbearable Indefiniteness of Spacetime","authors":"Enrico Cinti,&nbsp;Cristian Mariani,&nbsp;Marco Sanchioni","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00819-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00819-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We consider the observables describing spatiotemporal properties in the context of two of the most popular approaches to quantum gravity (QG), namely String Theory and Loop QG. In both approaches these observables are described by non-commuting operators. In analogy with recent arguments put forward in the context of non-relativistic quantum mechanics [see Calosi and Mariani (Philos. Compass 16(4):e12731, 2021) for a review], we suggest that the physical quantities corresponding to those observables may be interpreted as <i>ontologically indeterminate</i>—i.e., indeterminate in a way that is non-epistemic and semantic-independent. This working hypothesis has not received enough attention in the current debate on QG, and yet it may prove explanatory useful in several respects. First, it provides a clear background for understanding how some features of QG are ontologically continuous to features of quantum mechanics. Second, it sets the stage for asking new interesting questions about QG, for instance concerning the status of the so-called Eigenstate-Eigenvalue link. Third, it indirectly shows how the debate on <i>ontological indeterminacy</i> may extend well beyond the non-relativistic case, contrary to what seems to be assumed. Fourth, and perhaps more importantly, it provides a promising alternative to the received view on QG [Wüthrich et al. (Philosophy Beyond Spacetime: Implications from Quantum Gravity, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2021)] according to which spacetime is not fundamental. On the view we shall suggest, spacetime may be indeterminate and yet fundamental.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10701-025-00819-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143370018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convergence to Bohmian Mechanics in a de Broglie-Like Pilot-Wave System","authors":"David Darrow","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00826-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00826-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bohmian mechanics supplements the quantum wavefunction with deterministic particle trajectories, offering an alternate, dynamical language for quantum theory. However, the Bohmian wavefunction evolves independently of these trajectories, and is thus unaffected by the observable properties of the system. While this property is widely assumed necessary to ensure agreement with quantum mechanics, much work has recently been dedicated to understanding classical pilot-wave systems, which feature a two-way coupling between particle and wave. These systems—including the “walking droplet” system of Couder and Fort (Couder and Fort (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett. 97:154101) and its various abstractions (Dagan and Bush (2020) CR Mecanique 348:555–571; Durey and Bush (2020) Front. Phys. 8:300; (2021) Chaos 31:033136; Darrow and Bush (2024) Symmetry 16:149)—allow us to investigate the limits of classical systems and offer a touchstone between quantum and classical dynamics. In this work, we present a general result that bridges Bohmian mechanics with this classical pilot-wave theory. Namely, Darrow and Bush ((2024) Symmetry 16:149) recently introduced a Lagrangian pilot-wave framework to study quantum-like behaviours in classical systems; with a particular choice of particle-wave coupling, they recover key dynamics hypothesised in de Broglie’s early <i>double-solution</i> theory (de Broglie (1970) Foundations Phys. 1:5–15). We here show that, with a different choice of coupling, their de Broglie-like system reduces exactly to single-particle Bohmian mechanics in the non-relativistic limit. Our result clarifies that, while multi-particle entanglement is impossible to replicate in general with local, classical theories, no such restriction exists for single-particle quantum mechanics. Moreover, connecting with the previous work of Darrow and Bush, our work demonstrates that de Broglie’s and Bohm’s theories can be connected naturally within a single Lagrangian framework. Finally, we present an application of the present work in developing a single-particle analogue for position measurement in a de Broglie-like setting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10701-025-00826-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microscopic Legendre Transform, Canonical Ensemble and Jaynes’ Maximum Entropy Principle","authors":"Ramandeep S. Johal","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00824-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00824-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Legendre transform between thermodynamic quantities such as the Helmholtz free energy and entropy plays a key role in the formulation of the canonical ensemble. In the standard treatment, the transform exchanges the independent variable from the system’s internal energy to its conjugate variable—the inverse temperature of the heat reservoir. In this article, we formulate a microscopic version of the transform between the free energy and Shannon entropy of the system, where the conjugate variables are the microstate probabilities and the energies (scaled by the inverse temperature). The present approach gives a non-conventional perspective on the connection between information-theoretic measure of entropy and thermodynamic entropy. We focus on the exact differential property of Shannon entropy, utilizing it to derive central relations within the canonical ensemble. Thermodynamics of a system in contact with the heat reservoir is discussed in this framework. Other approaches, in particular, Jaynes’ maximum entropy principle is compared with the present approach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142995760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Derivation of Maxwell’s Equations with Magnetic Monopole from Navier-Cauchy Equation with Stress Couple: \"A Modern Reinterpretation of the Ether\"","authors":"Nicola De Giuseppe","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00823-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00823-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores the historical concept of ether within the framework of modern theoretical physics by deriving Maxwell’s equations that incorporate magnetic monopoles from the Navier-Cauchy equation with stress couples. We demonstrate that the elastomechanical interpretation of electromagnetism not only revitalizes the ether concept but also provides a coherent theoretical foundation for understanding electromagnetic phenomena. This interpretation reveals a significant link between mechanical properties and electromagnetic behaviors, for example, the charge of fundamental particles, such as electrons, is inherently connected to rotational dynamics within the elastomechanical medium. Additionally, we introduce the magnetic monopole as a critical component of our framework, showing how it is associated with mass flux and volume changes in the medium, thus contributing to the dynamics of particle generation. Our findings highlight the profound interplay between elastodynamics, classical electromagnetism, and contemporary concepts in physics, paving the way for new epistemological perspectives. This research underscores the potential for integrating diverse physical theories to foster innovative developments in theoretical physics, challenging traditional views and inviting further exploration of the fundamental forces that govern the universe.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142995374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Quantum Systems with Non-deterministic Yet Non-random Outcomes and Their Potential Link with the Emergence of a Genuine Freedom of Choice","authors":"Tomer Shushi","doi":"10.1007/s10701-024-00811-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-024-00811-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this short paper, we propose a special class of quantum systems with implicit quantum uncertainties without any probability structure followed by the dynamical behavior of the systems. When a system is deterministic or random, it does not capture the essence of freedom of choice (FOC), which is the ability to make decisions followed by one’s preferences, free from both deterministic and random outcomes. The proposed special class of quantum systems contains non-deterministic yet non-random outcomes, and so they open the possibility of having FOC within the systems. We also examine examples of such a special class of quantum systems that do not violate the postulates of quantum mechanics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10701-024-00811-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142995375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of ‘Introduction to Dynamical Wave Function Collapse’","authors":"Emily Adlam","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00825-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00825-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142995373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}