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The Intrinsic and Extrinsic Hierarchy Problems 内在和外在层次问题
IF 1 3区 物理与天体物理
Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2026-05-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-026-00930-0
James D. Wells
{"title":"The Intrinsic and Extrinsic Hierarchy Problems","authors":"James D. Wells","doi":"10.1007/s10701-026-00930-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-026-00930-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Hierarchy Problem of elementary particle physics can be divided into two separate problems: the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Hierarchy Problems. The Intrinsic Hierarchy Problem (IHP) arises when the Wilsonian renormalization group induces a large <span>(Lambda _textrm{UV}^2)</span> cutoff dependence on a much lighter scalar mass, creating a large finetuning. The Extrinsic Hierarchy Problem (EHP) arises when the IR theory is augmented with generically assumed extra states and interactions in the UV, making the resulting IR effective theory appear highly finetuned. The IHP is straightforward to analyze within a theory, but has suspicious regulator dependence, which has been suggested by some to be indication of a faux problem. The EHP is less straightforward to analyze, but has strength of physical intuition. We analyze EHP as a formal paradox, spelling out its premises and reasoning. From this we classify solutions to the EHP in terms of premise violations, and we articulate why some purported solutions to the Hierarchy Problem only partially solve the IHP and leave the EHP unaddressed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"56 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10701-026-00930-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gravity, Fine-Structure Constant and Natural Units – Some Thoughts Based on Dimensional Analysis – 重力、精细结构常数与自然单位——基于量纲分析的一些思考
IF 1 3区 物理与天体物理
Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2026-05-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-026-00929-7
Robi Banerjee
{"title":"Gravity, Fine-Structure Constant and Natural Units – Some Thoughts Based on Dimensional Analysis –","authors":"Robi Banerjee","doi":"10.1007/s10701-026-00929-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-026-00929-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Here we discuss direct links of the number of fundamental dimensions to the fundamental natural constants using simple arguments of dimensional analysis based on Maxwell’s dimensions length (L), time (T) and mass (M) as well as the constants <i>G</i>, <i>c</i>, <span>(hbar )</span> and <i>e</i>. We find that the form of the fine-structure constant is a direct consequence of this connection. Additionally, our approach emphasises that gravity is a quite distinct area of physics which is not yet successfully quantised, i.e. not yet combined with quantum mechanics. We also discuss different unit systems based on dimensional analysis and natural constants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"56 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10701-026-00929-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147830053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On Causality and Predictivity 论因果性和预测性
IF 1 3区 物理与天体物理
Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2026-04-30 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-026-00928-8
Damiano Anselmi
{"title":"On Causality and Predictivity","authors":"Damiano Anselmi","doi":"10.1007/s10701-026-00928-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-026-00928-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Certain approaches to quantum gravity, such as the one based on the concept of purely virtual particles (fakeons), sacrifice the cause-effect relation at very small scales to reconcile renormalizability with unitarity. Other developments have also urged caution regarding the idea of causality as a fundamental principle. In this paper, we examine the problem from multiple perspectives, including locality and predictivity, and extend the existing skepticism in several directions. Emphasizing the impact of unruly “disruptors”, we point out that the illusory arrow of time associated with causality and predictivity is inherently statistical. This renders the cause-effect relation strained at the microscopic level. We also show that causation is a borderline concept that demands belief in entities which can act on nature without being part of it. Ultimately, not only is renouncing microcausality a reasonable price to pay for a consistent and predictive theory of quantum gravity (as is the one based on the fakeon idea), but the very notion of causality is misleading. Resting as it does on metaphysical assumptions, it should therefore be abandoned in fundamental physics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"56 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Is String Field Theory Background Independent? 弦场论背景独立吗？
IF 1 3区 物理与天体物理
Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2026-04-22 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-026-00925-x
Matěj Krátký, Bhanu Narra, James Read
{"title":"Is String Field Theory Background Independent?","authors":"Matěj Krátký,&nbsp;Bhanu Narra,&nbsp;James Read","doi":"10.1007/s10701-026-00925-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-026-00925-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>String field theory is supposed to stand to perturbative string theory as quantum field theory stands to single-particle quantum theory; as such, it purports to offer a substantially more general and powerful perspective on string theory than the perturbative approach. In addition, string field theory has been claimed for several decades to liberate string theory from any fixed, background spatiotemporal commitments—thereby (if true) rendering it ‘background independent’. But is this really so? In this article, we undertake a detailed interrogation of this claim, finding that the verdict is sensitive both to one’s understanding of the notion of background independence, and also to how one understands string field theory itself. Although in the end our verdicts on the question of the background independence are therefore somewhat mixed, we hope that our study will elevate the levels of systematicity and rigour in these discussions, as well as equip philosophers of physics with a helpful introduction to string field theory and the variety of interesting conceptual questions which it raises.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"56 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10701-026-00925-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147727446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Diffraction and Interference Phenomena with de Broglie Gravitational Waves 德布罗意引力波的衍射和干涉现象
IF 1 3区 物理与天体物理
Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2026-04-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-026-00926-w
Luca D’Errico
{"title":"Diffraction and Interference Phenomena with de Broglie Gravitational Waves","authors":"Luca D’Errico","doi":"10.1007/s10701-026-00926-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-026-00926-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>De Broglie gravitational waves form an axially symmetric class of vacuum solutions of the linearized Einstein equations. Unlike the well-known massless transverse perturbations in the weak-field regime, they possess an effective mass and exhibit longitudinal degrees of freedom, allowing them to act as guiding fields for elementary particles. In this paper, we show that the dynamics of the de Broglie gravitational wave, described in terms of the real part of a classical field <span>(psi)</span>, is compatible with single particle Quantum Mechanics, and that the complex field <span>(psi)</span> can be interpreted as the single particle wave function. In particular, we find that <span>(psi)</span> satisfies the Schrödinger equation for a free particle and, using the principles of gravitational lensing, the same holds in the presence of a weak central potential. We show that when our gravitational wave passes through two closely separated slits, it diffracts and interferes, creating the characteristic pattern of bright and dark bands observed in quantum experiments. We propose two different interpretations: a wave-particle picture, in which wave and particle are two distinct entities, and an effective background field perspective, in the spirit of soliton theory. A variant of the double-slit experiment that could serve, in principle, as an experimental test of the proposed framework is also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147737399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Heptalemma for Quantum Mechanics 量子力学的七构象
IF 1 3区 物理与天体物理
Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2026-04-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-026-00919-9
John B. DeBrota, Christian List
{"title":"A Heptalemma for Quantum Mechanics","authors":"John B. DeBrota,&nbsp;Christian List","doi":"10.1007/s10701-026-00919-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-026-00919-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We present a seven-pronged no-go result for quantum mechanics: a “heptalemma”. It shows that seven initially plausible theses about physical reality are jointly inconsistent with the predictions of quantum mechanics, while any six are jointly consistent. We must then decide which theses to retain and which to give up. Since different interpretations of quantum mechanics entail different responses to the heptalemma, we get a novel taxonomy of such interpretations. Beyond the application to quantum mechanics, the heptalemma offers a general diagnostic criterion for determining whether a given scientific domain should count as classical or not, and if not, how it departs from classicality.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10701-026-00919-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147642581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From Complementarity to Quantum Properties: An Operational Reconstructive Approach 从互补性到量子性质：一种操作重构方法
IF 1 3区 物理与天体物理
Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2026-03-25 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-026-00922-0
Philip Goyal
{"title":"From Complementarity to Quantum Properties: An Operational Reconstructive Approach","authors":"Philip Goyal","doi":"10.1007/s10701-026-00922-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-026-00922-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Quantum theory brings into question the compatibility of the twin desiderata of <i>exact knowability</i> of the present state of the physical world and <i>perfect predictability</i> of its future states. Bohr’s coordination–causality complementarity principle transforms this tension into one between properties (as ordinarily understood in classical physics) and deterministic causality. Here, we develop an explicit model of quantum properties which accommodates this essential tension. Our approach integrates <i>operational</i>, <i>reconstructive</i>, and <i>metaphysical</i> standpoints. In particular, we make use of an operational framework employed in a recent operational reconstruction of Feynman’s formulation of quantum theory; base our property model on an analysis of property types; and use the notions of actuality and potentiality to frame the model. We show that this quantum property model provides a natural resolution of Zeno’s paradox of motion, and provides reliable intuitions about phenomena such as electron diffraction and the non-local behaviour of entangled states of non-identical particles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
(Pre-) Causality and the Lorentz Transformations （前）因果关系和洛伦兹变换
IF 1 3区 物理与天体物理
Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2026-03-18 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-026-00920-2
Enrico Menotti
{"title":"(Pre-) Causality and the Lorentz Transformations","authors":"Enrico Menotti","doi":"10.1007/s10701-026-00920-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-026-00920-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Lorentz transformations may be derived based on the Principle of Relativity and a few other plausible physical assumptions, without introducing the Principle of the Constancy of the Velocity of Light. All existing derivations of this kind introduce a (pre-) causality (or equivalent) condition in order to constrain the transformations of coordinates to assume the form of the Lorentz transformations (or their Galilean limit). We show how such a condition may be dropped: as a consequence, the Principle of Relativity in itself implies any causal relationship to be conserved under a change of reference frame.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contextual Bohmian Quantum Field Theories: A Hylomorphic Approach to QFT 上下文波西米亚量子场论：量子傅立叶变换的一种同形方法
IF 1 3区 物理与天体物理
Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2026-03-16 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-026-00923-z
William M. R. Simpson
{"title":"Contextual Bohmian Quantum Field Theories: A Hylomorphic Approach to QFT","authors":"William M. R. Simpson","doi":"10.1007/s10701-026-00923-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-026-00923-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We propose an extension of Bell-type Bohmian quantum field theories, called <i>Contextual Bohmian Quantum Field Theory</i> (CBQFT), which integrates micro-level dynamics and macro-level contextual structure within a unified, ontologically explicit formalism. CBQFT introduces classical variables <span>(Lambda)</span> that encode macroscopic contexts—such as detector configurations, thermal phases, or symmetry-breaking sectors—and allows these to modulate the underlying quantum dynamics in a lawlike way. We develop two versions of the model. CBQFT-1 treats context as a fixed but dynamically influential background, entering via a context-sensitive Hamiltonian and modified Bell-type jump rates on a single Fock space. CBQFT-2 upgrades context to a <i>dynamical</i> variable co-evolving with the particle (or field) configuration: <span>(Lambda (x,t))</span> selects a (typically inequivalent) representation of the field algebra on a Hilbert space, wavefunctions are realised as global sections of the resulting Hilbert bundle, and Bohmian trajectories are guided by globally well-defined velocity fields constructed from local currents. Context transitions in CBQFT-2 are governed by a stochastic kernel informed by particle (or field) configurations and histories. This yields a Bohmian QFT with an explicit feedback loop between quantum events and macroscopic structure, offering a hylomorphic account of measurement, decoherence, and top–down causation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10701-026-00923-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Wigner’s Diamond and the Quantum Fragmentation of Space-time 维格纳的钻石和时空的量子碎片
IF 1 3区 物理与天体物理
Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2026-03-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-026-00915-z
Jacques L. Pienaar
{"title":"Wigner’s Diamond and the Quantum Fragmentation of Space-time","authors":"Jacques L. Pienaar","doi":"10.1007/s10701-026-00915-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-026-00915-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recent no-go theorems on interpretations of quantum theory featuring an assumption of ‘Absoluteness of Observed Events’ (AOE) are shown to have an unexpectedly strong corollary: one cannot reject AOE and at the same time assume that the ‘observed events’ in question can all be (i) single-valued and (ii) embedded within a single background space-time common to all observers. Consequently, interpretations that reject AOE appear incompatible with a ‘block universe’ view of space-time.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10701-026-00915-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147441439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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