Foundations of Physics最新文献

Locality and Probability in Relativistic Quantum Theories and Hidden Variables Quantum Theories 相对论量子理论和隐变量量子理论中的局部性和概率

IF 1 3区物理与天体物理

Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-025-00885-8

Avi Levy, Meir Hemmo

{"title":"Locality and Probability in Relativistic Quantum Theories and Hidden Variables Quantum Theories","authors":"Avi Levy, Meir Hemmo","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00885-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00885-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We use the framework of Empirical Models (EM) and Hidden Variables Models (HVM) to analyze the locality and stochasticity properties of relativistic quantum theories, such as Quantum Field Theory (QFT). First, we present the standard definition of properties such as determinism, no signaling, locality, and contextuality for HVM and for EM and their relations. Then, we show that if no other conditions are added, there are only two types of EM: An EM is either classical, by which we mean that it is strongly deterministic, local, and non-contextual; Or else an EM is non-classical, in which case it is weakly deterministic, non-local and contextual. Consequently, we define criteria for an HVM to be Lorentz invariant and prove that Lorentz invariance implies parameter independence. As a result, we show that a Lorentz invariant and contextual model (e.g., relativistic quantum theory) must be genuinely stochastic i.e., it cannot have a deterministic (strong or weak) HVM. This proof is an improved version of a theorem we proved previously, and it has a wider scope. Finally, we discuss Bell’s definition of locality and show that it is equivalent to non-contextuality. We argue that Bell’s justification for this definition tacitly assumes non-contextuality (which is equivalent to strong determinism). We propose an alternative definition of locality for contextual and relativistic theories that accounts for correlations that result from common history and renders QFT a local theory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"55 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Proposed Experiments for Detecting Contextual Hidden Variables 情境隐藏变量检测的实验建议

IF 1 3区物理与天体物理

Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-025-00877-8

Konstantinos Papatryfonos, Louis Vervoort

引用次数: 0

Thermodynamic Signature of Logical Depth in Quantum Circuits 量子电路中逻辑深度的热力学特征

IF 1 3区物理与天体物理

Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-025-00883-w

Issam Ibnouhsein

引用次数: 0

Antirealism in Sheep’s Clothing 《羊皮》中的反现实主义

IF 1 3区物理与天体物理

Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-025-00881-y

Raoni Arroyo, Jonas R. Becker Arenhart

引用次数: 0

Equivalent Gravities and Equivalence Principle: Foundations and Experimental Implications 等效重力和等效原理：基础和实验意义

IF 1 3区物理与天体物理

Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-025-00882-x

Christian Mancini, Guglielmo Maria Tino, Salvatore Capozziello

{"title":"Equivalent Gravities and Equivalence Principle: Foundations and Experimental Implications","authors":"Christian Mancini, Guglielmo Maria Tino, Salvatore Capozziello","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00882-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00882-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The so-called Geometric Trinity of Gravity includes General Relativity (GR), based on spacetime curvature; the Teleparallel Equivalent of GR (TEGR), which relies on spacetime torsion; and the Symmetric Teleparallel Equivalent of GR (STEGR), grounded in nonmetricity. Recent studies demonstrate that GR, TEGR, and STEGR are dynamically equivalent, raising questions about the fundamental structure of spacetime, the under-determination of these theories, and whether empirical distinctions among them are possible. The aim of this work is to show that they are equivalent in many features but not exactly in everything. In particular, their relationship with the Equivalence Principle (EP) is different. The EP is a deeply theory-laden assumption, which is assumed as fundamental in constructing GR, with significant implications for our understanding of spacetime. However, it introduces unresolved conceptual issues, including its impact on the nature of the metric and connection, its meaning at the quantum level, tensions with other fundamental interactions and new physics, and its role in dark matter and dark energy problems. In contrast, TEGR and STEGR recover the EP, in particular in its strong formulation, but do not rely on it as a foundational principle. The fact that GR, TEGR, and STEGR are equivalent in non-trivial predictions, but the EP is not necessary for TEGR and STEGR, suggests that it may not be a fundamental feature but an emergent one, potentially marking differences in the empirical content of the three theories. Thus, the developments within the Geometric Trinity framework challenge traditional assumptions about spacetime and may help to better understand some of the unresolved foundational difficulties related to the EP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"55 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10701-025-00882-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144914726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perspectives on the Quantum State 量子态的观点

IF 1 3区物理与天体物理

Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-025-00884-9

Lucy Mason

引用次数: 0

A Note on the Electron’s Magnetic Moment 关于电子磁矩的注释

IF 1 3区物理与天体物理

Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-025-00880-z

Marco Sanchioni

{"title":"A Note on the Electron’s Magnetic Moment","authors":"Marco Sanchioni","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00880-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00880-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sebens (2025) has proposed a semiclassical “precursor” to quantum electrodynamics (QED) in which the electron’s anomalous magnetic moment arises from the self-interaction of an extended charge distribution governed by the Dirac equation. The calculation reproduces Schwinger’s leading-order value only for suitably tuned, spatially extended wave-packets, and thus yields a state-dependent magnetic moment. This paper offers a systematic critique of that result. After reviewing the standard QED derivation—where the anomaly is fixed by gauge symmetry, the Ward–Takahashi identity, and renormalization—we show that the semiclassical model lacks the structural resources that guarantee universality. Drawing on a general distinction between phenomenological dependence and theoretical fundamentality, we argue that Sebens’s construction attains intuitive, mechanical appeal at the cost of explanatory depth: its high phenomenologicality cannot compensate for its low fundamentality. What Sebens treats as a puzzle for QED—how the theory “nails down” a single value of <span>(g-2)</span>—is instead a symptom of the precursor’s incompleteness. The episode illustrates a broader methodological point: in modern physics, structural principles, rather than classical pictures, underwrite genuine explanation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Discussion on the Validity of the PBR Theorem 关于PBR定理有效性的讨论

IF 1 3区物理与天体物理

Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-025-00879-6

İnanç Şahin, Gazi Alumur

引用次数: 0

Perspectivism, Concrete and Abstract 透视主义，具体与抽象

IF 1 3区物理与天体物理

Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-025-00878-7

Quentin Ruyant

{"title":"Perspectivism, Concrete and Abstract","authors":"Quentin Ruyant","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00878-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00878-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Perspectivist positions have been proposed in physics, notably in order to address the interpretive difficulties of quantum mechanics. Recently, some versions of perspectivism have also been proposed in general philosophy of science to account for the plurality of scientific practice. Both kinds of views share the rejection of what they metaphorically call the “view from nowhere”. However, beyond this superficial similarity, they are very different: while quantum perspectivism entertains a concrete notion of perspective associated with individual agents or systems or concrete contexts, perspectival realism adopts a more abstract notion associated with explanatory aims or conceptual schemes. The aim of this paper is to clarify what is at stake with perspectivism <i>in general</i>. The general notion of a perspective, as well as the various attitudes one can entertained towards them, are characterised using the concepts of harmless contradiction and cross-perspectival accessibility. A taxonomy of positions ranging from absolutism to relativism is proposed on this basis. Then the framework is applied to quantum perspectivism and perspectival realism to show its fruitfulness. Finally, I argue that abstract versions of perspectivism are bound to be metaphysically weaker than concrete versions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10701-025-00878-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145171875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Emergence of the Relativistic Lagrangian from the Non-Relativistic Multiplicative Lagrangian 相对论性拉格朗日从非相对论性乘法拉格朗日的出现

IF 1 3区物理与天体物理

Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-025-00874-x

Kittikun Surawuttinack, Suppanat Supanyo, Sikarin Yoo-Kong

{"title":"The Emergence of the Relativistic Lagrangian from the Non-Relativistic Multiplicative Lagrangian","authors":"Kittikun Surawuttinack, Suppanat Supanyo, Sikarin Yoo-Kong","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00874-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00874-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The multiplicative Lagrangian and Hamiltonian introduce an additional parameter that, despite its variation, results in identical equations of motion as those derived from the standard Lagrangian. This intriguing property becomes even more striking in the case of a free particle. By manipulating the parameter and integrating out, the statistical average of the multiplicative Lagrangian and Hamiltonian naturally arises. Astonishingly, from this statistical viewpoint, the relativistic Lagrangian and Hamiltonian emerge with remarkable elegance. On the action level, this formalism unveils a deeper connection: the spacetime of Einstein’s theory reveals itself from a statistical perspective through the action associated with the multiplicative Lagrangian. This suggests that the multiplicative Lagrangian/Hamiltonian framework offers a profound and beautiful foundation, one that reveals the underlying unity between classical and relativistic descriptions in a way that transcends traditional formulations. In essence, the multiplicative approach introduces a richer and more intricate structure to our understanding of physics, bridging the gap between different theoretical realms through a statistical perspective.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0