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Complementary Detector and State Preparation Error and Classicality in the Spin-j Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen–Bohm Experiment 互补探测器和状态准备误差与爱因斯坦-波多尔斯基-罗森-玻姆自旋实验中的经典性
IF 1.2 3区 物理与天体物理
Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-024-00805-2
Anupam Garg
{"title":"Complementary Detector and State Preparation Error and Classicality in the Spin-j Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen–Bohm Experiment","authors":"Anupam Garg","doi":"10.1007/s10701-024-00805-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-024-00805-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The spin-<i>j</i> Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen–Bohm experiment is examined in the context of how the quantum theoretic probability distributions for the spin measurement outcomes are to be coarse-grained in order to yield classical behavior in the <span>(j rightarrow infty )</span> limit. A coarse-graining protocol is found that can be viewed as imperfection either in the detection process or in state preparation process, and is in both viewpoints minimal in the sense that it is no more than what is needed to wash out the execess quantum correlations. In the first point of view the coarse-grained distribution can be written in terms of a Bell-type factorizable hidden variable model wherein the conditional distributions for the spin measurement outcome of each particle is not just nonnegative but actually attains the value zero for some choice of measurement axis. In the second point of view the coarse-grained distribution arises from a spin state whose Wigner function is not just nonnegative but actually attains the value zero for some spin orientations. That such a remarkable dual interpretation should be possible suggests that this type of complementary coarse graining is an intrinsic aspect of how classicality is obtained in the large <i>j</i> limit, but this conclusion remains speculative.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142519002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Conservation Laws in Quantum Database Search 量子数据库搜索中的守恒定律
IF 1.2 3区 物理与天体物理
Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-024-00806-1
Li-Yi Hsu, Ching-Hsu Chen
{"title":"Conservation Laws in Quantum Database Search","authors":"Li-Yi Hsu,&nbsp;Ching-Hsu Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10701-024-00806-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-024-00806-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recently, the correspondence between the air track scenario and quantum database search algorithm was revealed. The conservation laws of linear momentum and nonlinear kinetic energy in the former case, which involve sequential elastic collisions, have their analogs in the latter case. Obviously, probability normalization combined with the Born rule serves as an analog for kinetic energy conservation. Here we explore the linear conservation laws in a generic quantum database search. Regarding the non-uniform distribution of the marked state, the uneven state is initially prepared. In this way, the Grover diffusion operator results in a linear but nonphysical conservation law. On the other hand, in the CTC-assisted database search with the vast reduction of query complexity, the nonlinear instead of linear conservation laws are found. Finally, we conjecture that there are no conservation laws in the generalized Grover’s algorithm including the imaginary number <i>i</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reply to Hofer-Szabó: The PBR Theorem hasn’t been Saved 回复霍费尔-萨博：PBR定理尚未得到拯救
IF 1.2 3区 物理与天体物理
Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-024-00807-0
Marcoen J. T. F. Cabbolet
{"title":"Reply to Hofer-Szabó: The PBR Theorem hasn’t been Saved","authors":"Marcoen J. T. F. Cabbolet","doi":"10.1007/s10701-024-00807-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-024-00807-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recently, in <i>Found. Phys.</i> <b>53</b>: 64 (2023), it has been argued that there is no reality to the PBR theorem. In <i>Found. Phys.</i> <b>54</b>: 36 (2024), Hofer-Szabó has commented that the argument is flawed and that PBR theorem remains in tact. Here we reply to Hofer-Szabó by showing that his counterargument does not hold up, concluding that the PBR theorem has been disproved.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142410766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Freedom in the Many-Worlds Interpretation 多世界诠释中的自由
IF 1.2 3区 物理与天体物理
Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-024-00802-5
Ovidiu Cristinel Stoica
{"title":"Freedom in the Many-Worlds Interpretation","authors":"Ovidiu Cristinel Stoica","doi":"10.1007/s10701-024-00802-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-024-00802-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>I analyze the possibility of free-will in the many-worlds interpretation (MWI), arguing for their compatibility. I use as a starting point Nicolas Gisin’s “The Multiverse Pandemic” (preprint arXiv:2210.05377, 2022, after Gisin, N., “L’épidémie du multivers”, in “Le Plus Grand des Hasards”, Belin, Paris, 2010), in which he makes an interesting case that MWI is contradicted by our hard to deny free-will. The counts he raised are: (1) MWI is deterministic, forcing choices on us, (2) in MWI all our possible choices happen, and (3) MWI limits creativity, because everything is entangled with everything else. I argue that each of these features of MWI is in fact compatible with more freedom than it may seem. In particular, MWI allows compatibilist free-will, but also free-will very much like the libertarian free-will defined by Chisholm. I argue that the position that alternative choices exist as possibilities does not make sense from a physical point of view, but MWI offers a physical ground for alternatives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10701-024-00802-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142409947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prediction and Inference: From Models and Data to Artificial Intelligence 预测与推理：从模型和数据到人工智能
IF 1.2 3区 物理与天体物理
Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-024-00803-4
Luca Gammaitoni, Angelo Vulpiani
{"title":"Prediction and Inference: From Models and Data to Artificial Intelligence","authors":"Luca Gammaitoni,&nbsp;Angelo Vulpiani","doi":"10.1007/s10701-024-00803-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-024-00803-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper we present a discussion of the basic aspects of the well-known problem of prediction and inference in physics, with specific attention to the role of models, the use of data and the application of recent developments in artificial intelligence. By focussing in the time evolution of dynamic system, it is shown that main difficulties in predictions arise due to the presence of few factors as: the occurrence of chaotic dynamics, the existence of many variables with very different characteristic time-scales and the lack of an accurate understanding of the underlying physical phenomena. It is shown that a crucial role is assigned to the preliminary identification of the proper variables, their selection and the identification of an appropriate level of description (coarse-graining procedure). Moreover, it is discussed the relevance, even in modern practical issues, of old well-known fundamental results, like the Poincaré recurrence theorem, the Kac’s lemma and the Richard’s paradox.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10701-024-00803-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142409588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Epistemic–Pragmatist Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics: A Comparative Assessment 量子力学的认识论-实用主义解释：比较评估
IF 1.2 3区 物理与天体物理
Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-024-00804-3
Ali Barzegar, Daniele Oriti
{"title":"Epistemic–Pragmatist Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics: A Comparative Assessment","authors":"Ali Barzegar,&nbsp;Daniele Oriti","doi":"10.1007/s10701-024-00804-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-024-00804-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we investigate similarities and differences between the main neo-Copenhagen (or “epistemic–pragmatist”) interpretations of quantum mechanics, here identified as those defined by the rejection of an ontological nature of the quantum states and the simultaneous avoidance of hidden variables, while maintaining the quantum formalism unchanged. We argue that there is a single general interpretive framework in which the core claims that the various interpretations in the class are committed to, and which they emphasize to varying degrees, can be represented. We also identify, however, remaining differences of a more substantial nature, and we offer a first analysis of them. We also argue that these remaining differences cannot be resolved within the formalism of quantum mechanics itself and identify the more general philosophical considerations that can be used in order to break this interpretation underdetermination.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142415237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Proposal for a Metaphysics of Self-Subsisting Structures. II. Quantum Physics 关于自存结构形而上学的建议》。二、量子物理学量子物理学
IF 1.2 3区 物理与天体物理
Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-024-00800-7
Antonio Vassallo, Pedro Naranjo, Tim Koslowski
{"title":"A Proposal for a Metaphysics of Self-Subsisting Structures. II. Quantum Physics","authors":"Antonio Vassallo,&nbsp;Pedro Naranjo,&nbsp;Tim Koslowski","doi":"10.1007/s10701-024-00800-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-024-00800-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper presents an extension of the metaphysics of self-subsisting structures set out in a companion paper to the realm of non-relativistic quantum physics. The discussion is centered around a Pure Shape Dynamics model representing a relational implementation of a de Broglie-Bohm <i>N</i>-body system. An interpretation of this model in terms of self-subsisting structures is proposed and assessed against the background of the debate on the metaphysics of quantum physics, with a particular emphasis on the nature of the wave function. The analysis shows that elaborating an appropriate Leibnizian/Machian metaphysics of the quantum world requires a substantial revision of the notion of world-building relation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10701-024-00800-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142412903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Evolutionary Versus the All-at-Once Picture of Spacetime 时空的进化论与全时论
IF 1.2 3区 物理与天体物理
Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-024-00799-x
M. Ebrahim Maghsoudi, Seyed Ali Taheri Khorramabadi
{"title":"The Evolutionary Versus the All-at-Once Picture of Spacetime","authors":"M. Ebrahim Maghsoudi,&nbsp;Seyed Ali Taheri Khorramabadi","doi":"10.1007/s10701-024-00799-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-024-00799-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There are two metaphysical pictures of spacetime: The evolutionary picture and the all-at-once picture. According to the evolutionary picture, spacetime is nothing but the evolution of space over time. In contrast, the all-at-once picture considers spacetime as ‘a global, four-dimensional boundary value problem’ that can be solved only in an all-at-once manner, i.e. as a whole which is fundamentally four-dimensional and non-decomposable into spatial and temporal parts. The two most-known formulations of general theory of relativity, i.e. the Hamiltonian (or the canonical) and the Lagrangian (or the standard) formulations, enjoy the evolutionary and all-at-once pictures of spacetime respectively. Here, we have argued that (1) the all-at-once picture is more aligned with the philosophy of relativity theory, i.e. uniting space and time into spacetime, (2) the evolutionary picture is not as general as the all-at-once, since only in special cases, such as globally hyperbolic spacetimes, is it possible to deal with spacetime as the evolution of a spatial slice over time, and (3) the all-at-once picture paves the way to better understanding <i>four-dimensional</i> physical entities, like event horizons, which cannot be explained within an evolutionary picture without raising a paradox. Therefore, the evolutionary picture is neither the <i>fundamentally-true</i> nor the <i>naturally-chosen</i> picture of spacetime. Rather, we choose the evolutionary picture for practical and computational reasons. While the all-at-once picture seems a more appropriate description of the quantum and cosmological reality, the evolutionary picture can be applied occasionally and locally, or quasi-locally, and is not the proper metaphysical picture of spacetime at the fundamental level of reality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142251667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bayes Keeps Boltzmann Brains at Bay 贝叶斯让波尔兹曼大脑保持清醒
IF 1.2 3区 物理与天体物理
Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-024-00791-5
Don N. Page
{"title":"Bayes Keeps Boltzmann Brains at Bay","authors":"Don N. Page","doi":"10.1007/s10701-024-00791-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-024-00791-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sean Carroll has recently argued that theories predicting that observations are dominated by Boltzmann Brains should be rejected because they are cognitively unstable: “they cannot simultaneously be true and justifiably believed.” While such Boltzmann Brain theories are indeed cognitively unstable, one does not need to appeal to this argumentation to reject them. Instead, they may be ruled out by conventional Bayesian reasoning, which is sufficient to keep Boltzmann Brains at bay.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142251677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Arrival Times Versus Detection Times 到达时间与检测时间
IF 1.2 3区 物理与天体物理
Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10701-024-00798-y
Sheldon Goldstein, Roderich Tumulka, Nino Zanghì
{"title":"Arrival Times Versus Detection Times","authors":"Sheldon Goldstein,&nbsp;Roderich Tumulka,&nbsp;Nino Zanghì","doi":"10.1007/s10701-024-00798-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-024-00798-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>How to compute the probability distribution of a detection time, i.e., of the time which a detector registers as the arrival time of a quantum particle, is a long-debated problem. In this regard, Bohmian mechanics provides in a straightforward way the distribution of the time at which the particle actually does arrive at a given surface in 3-space in the absence of detectors. However, as we discuss here, since the presence of detectors can change the evolution of the wave function and thus the particle trajectories, it cannot be taken for granted that the arrival time of the Bohmian trajectories in the absence of detectors agrees with the one in the presence of detectors, and even less with the detection time. In particular, we explain why certain distributions that Das and Dürr (Sci. Rep. 9: 2242, 2019) presented as the distribution of the detection time in a case with spin, based on assuming that all three times mentioned coincide, are actually not what Bohmian mechanics predicts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10701-024-00798-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142251670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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