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Quantum Multicast Protocol and Multi-output Remote Operation Implementation via Four-particle Cluster State 基于四粒子簇态的量子组播协议和多输出远程操作实现
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理
International Journal of Theoretical Physics Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.1007/s10773-023-05446-1
Jia-yin Peng, Fan Wu, Jian-gang Tang, Liang Tang
{"title":"Quantum Multicast Protocol and Multi-output Remote Operation Implementation via Four-particle Cluster State","authors":"Jia-yin Peng,&nbsp;Fan Wu,&nbsp;Jian-gang Tang,&nbsp;Liang Tang","doi":"10.1007/s10773-023-05446-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-023-05446-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>By making use of the maximally entangled cluster state of four particles as the quantum channels, this article suggests three theoretical protocols to synchronously teleport different quantum information from one sender to multiple receivers. One protocol is a tripartite quantum multicast, which enables one sender to transmit two different known states of arbitrary single-qubit to two receivers with a 100% success probability, respectively and synchronously. The rest are two tripartite multi-output remote operation implementation (ROI) protocols, including arbitrary single-particle operations and partially unknown single-particle operations. In each of these two protocols, one sender can remotely and deterministically apply two quantum operations on two unknown states in receivers’ particles, respectively and synchronously, to ensure that the quantum operations received by two recipients are different, so as to meet the requirements of multi-output communication. Comparing these two protocols of arbitrary quantum operations and partially unknown operations, the latter uses only half of the quantum resources and classical resources required by the former, at the cost that the latter’s quantum operations are partially unknown. In addition, the above three schemes can be extended to scenarios where non-maximally entangled cluster state of four particles acts as quantum channels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"62 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5073858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Constant Roll Inflation in Viscous Mimetic Matter-Geomerty Coupling Gravity 粘性模拟物质-几何耦合重力中的恒滚胀
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理
International Journal of Theoretical Physics Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.1007/s10773-023-05401-0
E. H. Baffou, M. J. S. Houndjo, I. G. Salako, L. D. Gbètoho
{"title":"Constant Roll Inflation in Viscous Mimetic Matter-Geomerty Coupling Gravity","authors":"E. H. Baffou,&nbsp;M. J. S. Houndjo,&nbsp;I. G. Salako,&nbsp;L. D. Gbètoho","doi":"10.1007/s10773-023-05401-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-023-05401-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate in this work, the inflationary scenario in viscous <i>f</i>(<i>R</i>, <i>T</i>) gravity formalism with mimetic potential and Lagrange multiplier. Considering that our universe contains beside a perfect fluid, a dark energy and a bulk viscous fluid, we obtain through the modified Friedmann equations a main differential equation that may describe the cosmological evolution in viscous mimetic <i>f</i>(<i>R</i>, <i>T</i>) gravity. For particular choice of the model <span>(f(R,T) = R +alpha R^2+beta T^{gamma })</span> and for two forms of bulk viscosity coefficient, one as function of the Hubbe parameter <i>H</i>(<i>t</i>) and the other, as density dependent viscosity, we present a numerical results of the inflationary parameters such as the tensor-to-scalar ratio <i>r</i> and the scalar spectral index <span>(n_s)</span>. A comparison of these results with observational data shows that our model can be used to describe the accelerated expansion of the universe.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"62 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5075736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Correction to: Quantum Private Comparison Protocol Based on Continuous Variables 修正:基于连续变量的量子私有比较协议
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理
International Journal of Theoretical Physics Pub Date : 2023-08-15 DOI: 10.1007/s10773-023-05445-2
Min Xiao, Xiao Liu
{"title":"Correction to: Quantum Private Comparison Protocol Based on Continuous Variables","authors":"Min Xiao,&nbsp;Xiao Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10773-023-05445-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-023-05445-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"62 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4596351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hierarchical Cyclic Teleportation Based on Time-Bin Multiplexing 基于时bin复用的分层循环隐形传态
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理
International Journal of Theoretical Physics Pub Date : 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10773-023-05434-5
Si-yu Xiong, Ming-qiang Bai, Zhi-wen Mo
{"title":"Hierarchical Cyclic Teleportation Based on Time-Bin Multiplexing","authors":"Si-yu Xiong,&nbsp;Ming-qiang Bai,&nbsp;Zhi-wen Mo","doi":"10.1007/s10773-023-05434-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-023-05434-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The quantum time-bin multiplexing can utilize a polarized single photon with <span>({2^{n - 1}})</span> (<span>(n ge 3)</span>) time slots to entangle <i>n</i> pairs of quantum memories. Based on the idea of quantum time-bin multiplexing, we propose two hierarchical cyclic teleportation schemes. One is to realize the four-nodes hierarchical cyclic communication by using two single photons encoding two time slots respectively as bridges of entanglement establishment. The other is to use a single photon encoding four time slots as the bridge of entanglement establishment to achieve cyclic communication between three nodes. The two schemes do not need to prepare complex entangled states as quantum channels. It provides a multi-party communication application for quantum multiplexing. The design idea of the schemes in this paper can be applied to the cyclic communication of more nodes by encoding more time slots.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"62 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10773-023-05434-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4561942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Comment on the Classical Electron Self-Energy 对经典电子自能的评述
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理
International Journal of Theoretical Physics Pub Date : 2023-08-12 DOI: 10.1007/s10773-023-05388-8
H. R. de Assis, B. F. Rizzuti
{"title":"A Comment on the Classical Electron Self-Energy","authors":"H. R. de Assis,&nbsp;B. F. Rizzuti","doi":"10.1007/s10773-023-05388-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-023-05388-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper is devoted to the analysis of the divergence of the electron self-energy in classical electrodynamics. To do so, we appeal to the theory of distributions and a method for obtaining corresponding extensions. At first sight, electrostatics implies a divergence once we treat the electron as a charged point particle. However, our construction shows that its self-energy turns out to be an undetermined constant upon renormalization. Appealing to empirical results we may fix its value, demanding, for example, that all its mass comes from an electrostatic origin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"62 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10773-023-05388-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4787558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Significance of Bell States Over Four-Qubit Entangled States in Quantum Bidirectional Direct Communication Protocols 四量子比特纠缠态上的贝尔态在量子双向直接通信协议中的意义
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理
International Journal of Theoretical Physics Pub Date : 2023-08-10 DOI: 10.1007/s10773-023-05438-1
Meera Ramachandran, S Balakrishnan
{"title":"Significance of Bell States Over Four-Qubit Entangled States in Quantum Bidirectional Direct Communication Protocols","authors":"Meera Ramachandran,&nbsp;S Balakrishnan","doi":"10.1007/s10773-023-05438-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-023-05438-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The controller-independent quantum bidirectional direct communication (QBDC) protocol using Bell states is widely studied. In recent times, protocols have been proposed using four-qubit entangled states with the intention of increasing security. In this work, we compare the controller-independent QBDC protocol using Bell states with that of a protocol that exploits four-qubit entangled states. We observe that the same two-qubit protocol can be run on a four-qubit system without information leakage. The security offered is the same in both cases, but the quantum efficiency of the protocol is reduced in the case of four-qubit entangled states. We highlight the significance of the protocol using Bell states from the physical implementation point of view.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"62 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10773-023-05438-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4409217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Simulation of QTRNG on IBM’s Q Experience Using Rotation and Phase Quantum Gates 基于IBM Q经验的QTRNG旋转和相位量子门模拟
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理
International Journal of Theoretical Physics Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10773-023-05422-9
Vaishnavi Kumar, Amirtharajan R, John Bosco Balaguru R, Padmapriya Pravinkumar
{"title":"Simulation of QTRNG on IBM’s Q Experience Using Rotation and Phase Quantum Gates","authors":"Vaishnavi Kumar,&nbsp;Amirtharajan R,&nbsp;John Bosco Balaguru R,&nbsp;Padmapriya Pravinkumar","doi":"10.1007/s10773-023-05422-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-023-05422-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>True random numbers are crucial in many applications ranging from stochastic simulations to many other applications, especially cryptography. The quest for true randomness is, in general, considered to be impossible with only classical means. This insight enables the construction of various proposals for producing a good random number generator in realistic quantum scenarios. We presented a new fast 24 qubits quantum true random number generator (QTRNG) based on rotation and phase quantum gates on IBM’s cloud platform. It is a provable true random number since it is based on the quantum process and experimented with through QISKIT. The raw output of the generator reveals the foundational unpredictability of quantum mechanics inherent nature, which is different from classical physics. The achievable eminence of the numbers generated from a practical carrying out can differ from the theoretically promising solution. The proposed Quantum True Random Number Generation is accomplished through IBM quantum lab, and its architecture results also passed National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) statistical tests 800-90B and 800-22. This method is relatively efficient since it can be implemented locally on our devices. The offered methodology 2<sup>24</sup> bitstream data has higher certification randomness. The quality of the generated random bitstreams is investigated through restart analysis and autocorrelation analysis. The resulting output passes the NIST standard statistical test with a min-entropy value of 0.000712.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"62 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10773-023-05422-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4328937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spavieri Effect in Noncommutative Space 非交换空间中的Spavieri效应
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理
International Journal of Theoretical Physics Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10773-023-05435-4
Liu-Biao Ma, Qing Wang, Ling-Bao Kong, Jian Jing
{"title":"Spavieri Effect in Noncommutative Space","authors":"Liu-Biao Ma,&nbsp;Qing Wang,&nbsp;Ling-Bao Kong,&nbsp;Jian Jing","doi":"10.1007/s10773-023-05435-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-023-05435-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Spavieri effect in noncommutative space is studied by applying two different methods. One is the Bopp shift and the other is the Seiberg-Witten map. We show that up to the first order of the noncommutative parameter, both methods lead to the same conclusion that the spatial noncommutativity will not lead to corrections to Spavieri effect although the mechanisms of these two methods are very different. Our studies also indicate that the equivalence between Spavieri and Aharonov-Bohm effects is still held in noncommutative space.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"62 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4332485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Quantum Secure Direct Communication Against Collective Noise Based on W States 基于W态的抗集体噪声量子安全直接通信
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理
International Journal of Theoretical Physics Pub Date : 2023-08-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10773-023-05403-y
Shiming Liu, Yuqi Wang, Geng Chen, Yi Zhou, Kun Yang, Jiawei Luo, Jiaji Wang
{"title":"Quantum Secure Direct Communication Against Collective Noise Based on W States","authors":"Shiming Liu,&nbsp;Yuqi Wang,&nbsp;Geng Chen,&nbsp;Yi Zhou,&nbsp;Kun Yang,&nbsp;Jiawei Luo,&nbsp;Jiaji Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10773-023-05403-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-023-05403-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The three-particle W state is used as a quantum resource in this research. The sender’s unitary operator works on the Bell state via the Pauli and controlled Z gates and encodes the unitary operations. Subsequently, the receiver measures the joint Bell state. Next, the receiver identifies the sender’s unitary process and decodes the secret message for its retrieval. Finally, two quantum secure direct communication protocols are developed under collective noise channels. These protocols use different logical Bell states to resolve two different types of noise in the transmission channel. The protocol compensates for the weaknesses of three-particle W state quantum secure direct communication in resisting the collective noise. Moreover, the logical W state is applied to protect the quantum state, which increases its fidelity and improves the information transmission rate. In addition, the security of this study’s protocols is demonstrated using a rigorous security analysis of diverse attacks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"62 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4291004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gauge is Quantum? 量规是量子?
IF 1.4 4区 物理与天体物理
International Journal of Theoretical Physics Pub Date : 2023-08-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10773-023-05433-6
Andrei T. Patrascu
{"title":"Gauge is Quantum?","authors":"Andrei T. Patrascu","doi":"10.1007/s10773-023-05433-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-023-05433-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this article I discuss a proposed equivalence between quantum mechanics and gauge theory. The evolution of the idea of gauge invariance is very interesting to follow even historically. The idea that gauge transformations have in general no impact on the physics described, leading to even calling gauge variant observables as “unphysical” has transformed quite significantly in the past. Now we know large gauge transformations become sensitive to topological (homotopical) structures of thling group, as is the case of the SU(2) anomaly, and that gauge degrees of freedom do play a role, for example in the problem of confinement, via the Gribov ambiguity. The evolution of the concept of gauge is continued here, by the main claim, that gauge and quantum have equivalent origins and behave similarly to the point that they can be considered dual representations of the same physical ideas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"62 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4289359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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