International Journal of Theoretical Physics最新文献

{"title":"Accelerated Bayesian Inference for Neutron Stars in f(Q) Gravity: Gaussian Processes, Deep Learning, and Ensemble Uncertainty Quantification","authors":"Adnan Malik,&nbsp;Jamshed Khan,&nbsp;Ahdab K. Althukair,&nbsp;Uzma Gul,&nbsp;Sumaira Saleem Akhtar","doi":"10.1007/s10773-026-06458-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-026-06458-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study of neutron stars (NSs) in modified gravity theories provides a unique window into the strong-field regime of gravitational physics. While Bayesian inference has proven powerful for constraining general relativity and curvature-based modifications, such analyses in symmetric teleparallel <i>f</i>(<i>Q</i>) gravity remain computationally expensive due to the repeated solution of modified Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff (TOV) equations. In this work, we introduce a comprehensive accelerated Bayesian inference framework for neutron stars in <i>f</i>(<i>Q</i>) gravity, combining Gaussian process emulation, deep learning surrogates, sequential Monte Carlo methods, active learning, and ensemble uncertainty quantification. Our approach achieves a speedup of approximately <span>(5.2 times 10^5)</span> compared to traditional methods, reducing inference time from weeks to hours while maintaining percent-level accuracy. We demonstrate our methodology by re-analyzing NICER observations of PSR J0030+0451, PSR J0740+6620, PSR J0437+4715, and PSR J0614+3329, considering linear, logarithmic, and exponential <i>f</i>(<i>Q</i>) models with the DDME2 equation of state. Our active learning framework identifies the tidal deformability at canonical mass <span>(Lambda _{1.4})</span> as the most informative observable for constraining the <i>f</i>(<i>Q</i>) scale parameter <span>(Q_0)</span>, with an expected information gain of 2.34 nats, while the radius at <span>(2.0 M_odot )</span> is most sensitive to the <span>(beta )</span> parameter with EIG of 1.82 nats. The ensemble variance decomposition shows that EoS uncertainty dominates the radius prediction (<span>(80.6%)</span>), followed by gravity-model (<span>(14.3%)</span>), statistical (<span>(5.0%)</span>), and negligible numerical contributions. Our results confirm the statistical preference for the exponential model, with <span>(ln (textrm{BF}) = -1.81)</span> versus the linear model and <span>(-0.43)</span> versus the logarithmic model, while providing significantly tighter parameter constraints with a 11.4–<span>(17.9%)</span> reduction in the full widths of the <span>(68%)</span> credible intervals. This work establishes a foundation for real-time multi-messenger inference of modified gravity theories as new NS observations become available.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"65 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lump Solitons and their Anomalous Interactions in the Bogoyavlenskii-Kadomtsev-Petviashvili Equation","authors":"Jing Luo,&nbsp;Chuanjian Wang,&nbsp;Tianxin Zhu,&nbsp;Changzhao Li","doi":"10.1007/s10773-026-06502-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-026-06502-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper mainly investigates lump solitons and their anomalous interactions in the (2+1)-dimensional Bogoyavlenskii-Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (BKP) equation. First, using the truncated Painlevé expansion method, we reveal the relationship among the nonlinear BKP equation, the trilinear BKP equation, and the linear free Schrödinger equations. Subsequently, a special family of generalized solutions is constructed from the solutions to these linear free Schrödinger equations. Second, using the Fourier transform and the generalized linear superposition principle, we derive the <i>N</i>-lump soliton solutions for the (2+1)-dimensional BKP equation, which take the form of a special class of generalized Schur polynomials. Furthermore, we focus on the anomalous interactions of the 2-lump and 3-lump soliton solutions. Through a parameter region analysis, mutually repulsive interactions, fusion–fission interactions, exchange lump soliton interactions, and lump-soliton rotation induced by anomalous two-lump interactions are revealed. In particular, the anomalous interaction patterns of 2- and 3-lump soliton solutions are systematically classified by means of the parameters <span>(D)</span> and <span>(M)</span>. Detailed theoretical analysis and graphical illustrations are presented to interpret these anomalous interaction phenomena. Finally, we explore the long-time asymptotic properties of the <i>N</i>-lump soliton solutions and characterize their superimposed structures composed of <i>N</i> individual single-lump solitons. These results lay a theoretical foundation for understanding the rich dynamics of high-dimensional nonlinear localized waves.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"65 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergent Teleparallelism from a Spontaneously Broken (A)dS Gauge Symmetry","authors":"Andrea Addazi","doi":"10.1007/s10773-026-06503-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-026-06503-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present a pre-geometric construction of the Teleparallel Equivalent of General Relativity (TEGR) wherein gravity emerges from the spontaneous breaking of a global (<i>A</i>)<i>dS</i> gauge symmetry to the Lorentz subgroup. Starting from a bare manifold devoid of any metric or tetrad structure, we introduce a scalar multiplet transforming under the global <i>SO</i>(1, 4) (or <i>SO</i>(2, 3)) group. The theory is subsequently promoted to a local gauge-invariant form by introducing a connection and covariant derivatives. The tetrads and spin connections emerge from the components of the gauge connections after spontaneous symmetry breaking. We construct three non-linear invariants from the scalar field and its derivatives that, upon symmetry breaking, reconstruct precisely the torsion scalar of TEGR. The resulting action is free from Ostrogradsky instabilities due to the antisymmetric structure of the kinetic terms. The symmetry-breaking potential, taken as a general functional of the scalar field, generates both the Planck scale and the cosmological constant dynamically. We discuss the implications of our framework for early-universe cosmology, including the possibility that the Higgs field plays the role of the inflaton or constitutes superheavy dark matter produced non-thermally during inflation. The constant part of the potential after symmetry breaking provides a natural source for dark energy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"65 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetogenesis in the Starobinsky Inflationary Model by Axial Coupling.","authors":"Mehran Kamarpour","doi":"10.1007/s10773-026-06504-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-026-06504-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Magnetogenesis in the Starobinsky inflationary model by axial coupling <span>( Ileft( phi right) F_{mu nu }tilde{F}^{mu nu } )</span> is investigated. Three coupling functions are used. The simple coupling function <span>(Ileft( phi right) =chi _{1}frac{phi }{M_{p}} )</span> and non-minimal coupling function to gravity <span>( Ileft( phi right) = 12chi _{1}e^{left( sqrt{frac{2}{3}}frac{phi }{M_{p}}right) }left[ frac{1}{3M_{p}^{2}}left( 4Vleft( phi right) right) +right. )</span> <span>(left. frac{sqrt{2}}{sqrt{3}M_{p}}left( frac{dV}{dphi }right) right] )</span> and finally the exponential coupling function <span>( Ileft( phi right) =exp left( chi _{1}frac{phi }{M_{p}}right) )</span>. It is found that only for exponential coupling function magnetogenesis is considerable and for other coupling functions is quite negligible. The effect of non-minimal function to gravity in comparison to the simple coupling function is appeared by increasing the values of coupling constants by order <span>( 10^{7} )</span> but does not alter the conclusion. Also it is found the strength of magnetic fields <i>B</i> for exponential coupling function at present epoch is compatible with observations <span>( 10^{-17} Gle Ble 10^{-9 } G )</span>. Therefore, it seems these conclusions are consistent. The problem is, one should consider this fact that the strength of magnetic field is strongly depends on coupling functions and also coupling constants. By virtue of obtained results one must decide which coupling function naturally describes the interaction term. The most important results are, for coupling constants between <span>( chi _{1}=1 )</span> to <span>( chi _{1}=1.50 )</span> the strength of magnetic fields are quite consistent with observed magnetic field for present epoch. However for exponential coupling function only for <span>(chi _{1}=2.45 )</span> there is strong back-reaction at the end of inflation in magnetic energy density.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"65 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Properties of Acoustic and Optical Polaron Under Asymmetric Hyperbolic-Type Quantum Well","authors":"S. C. N. Nguemasson,&nbsp;S. I. Fewo,&nbsp;F. Manfouo,&nbsp;J. V. Nguepnang,&nbsp;C. M. Ekengoue,&nbsp;C. Kenfack-Sadem","doi":"10.1007/s10773-026-06452-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-026-06452-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effects of an asymmetric hyperbolic-type quantum well (AHTQW) on dynamic properties of acoustic and optical polaron under external electric field has been evaluated. The ground state energy, the mobility and the lifetime of acoustic and optical polaron have been investigated using the variational Pekar method and the quantum statistical theory. The results have shown that, in contrast to the quantum well parameter, the confinement potential of the AHTQW increases the ground state energy, the mobility and the lifetime of both acoustic and optical polaron. In addition, due to the highest energy of optical phonon, the dynamic properties of the optical polaron are more pronounced than the ones of the acoustic polaron. This means that optical polaron is more affected by AHTQW than acoustic polaron. Interestingly, the AHTQW can be used to control the stability of polaron, the movement of the electron in the system and the lifetime of both acoustic and optical polaron.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"65 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic Consistency and Holographic Obstructions in Lorentz-Violating BTZ Gravity","authors":"Nazir A. Ganaie","doi":"10.1007/s10773-026-06499-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-026-06499-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examine whether the established thermodynamics of the exact rotating radial BTZ-like branch of Einstein-bumblebee gravity closes within a single action-derived fixed-normal framework linking asymptotic charges, horizon entropy, Euclidean thermodynamics, and the standard Cardy dictionary. The full action fixes distinct radial-kinetic and curvature-boundary coefficients, and the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi counterterms yield Brown-York charges equal to the known solution-phase-space mass and angular momentum after normalization matching. On the real nonextremal exterior branch, a direct finite-radius evaluation of the complete adjusted covariant surface charge reproduces the first-law entropy, whereas the local curvature-derivative term accounts for only part of it. Their finite difference is independent of the stretched-horizon radial regulator within the specified action, boundary prescription, and presymplectic representative; the extremal value follows by continuity. For the complex stationary Euclidean saddle, the symmetry-preserving radial fixed-norm sector has no smooth thermal-disk continuation, and its inherited Lorentz-violating tube increment has the opposite sign from the finite completion required by Hamiltonian thermodynamics. At infinity, the reduced logarithmic counterterm reproduces the known Virasoro central coefficient, but the displayed standard Cardy temperature, zero-mode, and Hamiltonian entropy assignments do not form one undeformed dictionary in the controlled two-sector Cardy regime.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"65 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Affıne Jensen–Mercer, Midpoint, and Trapezoidal Inequalities for Coordinated Convex Functions with Applications to Composite Integral Estimates","authors":"Eze R. Nwaeze","doi":"10.1007/s10773-026-06496-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-026-06496-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Motivated by a recent contribution published in the <i>International Journal of Theoretical Physics</i>, we develop a novel affine Jensen–Mercer inequality for coordinated convex functions that substantially broadens the scope of the existing theory. Building upon this unified framework, we establish new midpoint- and trapezoidal-type inequalities together with their Hölder- and power-mean refinements, thereby extending, generalizing, and complementing results in the aforementioned article. To investigate the influence of the affine structure, we conduct a comprehensive numerical study of the affine parameter <i>c</i>, illustrating its effect on the associated functionals and their corresponding theoretical upper bounds. Furthermore, by applying the proposed inequalities over partitioned rectangles, we derive composite affine midpoint- and trapezoidal-type estimates under coordinated convexity assumptions. Owing to the fundamental role of integral estimation in mathematical physics, these results may also be relevant to the estimation of integral quantities encountered in theoretical physics. Numerical computations and graphical illustrations corroborate the theoretical findings and illustrate the parameter-dependent behavior and flexibility of the proposed affine framework.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"65 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum Spacetime from Constraints: Wave Equations and Fields","authors":"Tommaso Favalli","doi":"10.1007/s10773-026-06495-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-026-06495-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In previous works, we showed that both time and space can emerge from entanglement within a globally constrained quantum Universe, with no background coordinates. By extending the Page and Wootters quantum time formalism to include both quantum clocks and rods, and imposing global constraints on total energy and momentum, we constructed a fully relational model of quantum spacetime. Here we take a further step: working in 1+1 dimensions, we show that the standard wave equations governing quantum particles–the Schrödinger, Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations–emerge naturally from this framework. The solutions of the equations are derived directly from the constraints, without assuming any external spacetime structure. The second quantization formalism is also implemented and discussed. Our results provide further support for the idea that quantum dynamics may emerge from entanglement and constraints.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"65 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10773-026-06495-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combinatorial Barriers to a Unique Theory of Everything","authors":"Celia M. Bañón,&nbsp;Pedro Bargueño","doi":"10.1007/s10773-026-06498-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-026-06498-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We identify a purely combinatorial limitation on the unique empirical identification of a fundamental physical theory, particularly in the context of a Theory of Everything. Under minimal, physically unavoidable assumptions (specifically, a finite set of finite-valued properties) we show that any infinite space of candidate theories must contain infinite subsets that are empirically indistinguishable. This result is independent of dynamics, spacetime structure, or microscopic laws: unique empirical identification based solely on finite observational access is prevented at a combinatorial level. While recent undecidability results suggest the algorithmic impossibility of identifying such a theory, our result shows that even with an idealized observational record, finite empirical access prevents unique determination from observation alone. We conclude that the meaningful content of fundamental physics is naturally organized into equivalence classes defined by finite observational invariants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"65 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflection-Based Mediated Semiquantum Key Distribution Employing Bell States","authors":"Wenchen Tan,&nbsp;Xiangfu Zou,&nbsp;Xinting Su,&nbsp;Minghui Cai","doi":"10.1007/s10773-026-06494-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-026-06494-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Semiquantum key distribution (SQKD) enables a quantum party and a classical party to establish a secret key, where the classical party is restricted to fixed-basis preparations and measurements, qubit reordering, or undisturbed reflection. Mediated SQKD extends this framework by allowing two classical parties to share a secret key with the assistance of an untrusted third party. More recently, reflection-based SQKD has emerged as a promising direction in which the classical party’s reflection operations actively participate in key generation. Motivated by these ideas, in this paper, we propose a reflection-based mediated semiquantum key distribution (RB-MSQKD) protocol employing Bell states. In the proposed protocol, two classical parties establish a secret key with the help of an untrusted third party, while their respective reflection operations contribute directly to the key generation process. We rigorously prove the correctness of the protocol, derive a general expression for the asymptotic key rate, and analyze its performance over depolarizing channels. The proposed Bell-state RB-MSQKD protocol offers a viable alternative to existing single-photon RB-MSQKD for key distribution between two classical parties assisted by an untrusted third party.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"65 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}