International Journal of Theoretical Physics最新文献

{"title":"A Novel Study of the (2+1)-Dimensional Hietarinta Equation with a Trivial Balancing Number","authors":"M. F. Seele,&nbsp;B. Muatjetjeja,&nbsp;T. G. Motsumi,&nbsp;A. R. Adem","doi":"10.1007/s10773-025-05960-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-025-05960-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the study of nonlinear evolution equations, the three-soliton method was implemented to investigate the integrability of the (1+1)-dimensional bilinear Hietarinta equation. In this paper, we study a (2+1)-dimensional version of the Hietarinta equation. It will be shown that the transformed (2+1)-dimensional Hietarinta equation admits a trivial balancing number. The symmetry method will be used to derive exact solutions of this equation. It will be further shown that although the balancing number is trivial, this equation admits some special analytical solutions via ansatz methods. Furthermore, we derive low-order conservation of the aforesaid equation. Finally, a brief physical interpretation of the derived results is presented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"64 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10773-025-05960-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability Analysis of Spectral Technique for Three-Connected Fractional Stochastic Integro-Delay Differential Systems","authors":"Shuo Li,&nbsp;Sami Ullah Khan,&nbsp;Kangning Yu,&nbsp;Emad A. A. Ismail,&nbsp;Fuad A. Awwad","doi":"10.1007/s10773-025-05969-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-025-05969-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research investigates the intricate stability analysis of a sophisticated system characterized by three interconnected fractional stochastic integro-delay differential equations (FSIDDEs). Employing the powerful spectral collocation method, we meticulously explore the stability properties of this interconnected system. Integrating fractional calculus, time delays, and stochastic elements, our study unfolds a nuanced mathematical approach to unravel the system’s dynamic behavior. This investigation is paramount for comprehending the system’s intricacies and ensuring its resilience across diverse scientific and engineering applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"64 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Non-Static Plane Symmetric Universe with Exponential Scale Factor and Perfect Fluid in f(Q)-gravity","authors":"Syed Mudassir Syed Iqbal,&nbsp;G. U. Khapekar,&nbsp;S. R. Bhoyar","doi":"10.1007/s10773-025-05967-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-025-05967-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we analyze the cosmological evolution of a non-static plane symmetric universe with an exponential scale factor, which drives the phase transition of the universe from deceleration to acceleration, within the framework of <i>f</i>(<i>Q</i>)-gravity, incorporating a perfect fluid. We assume a proportionality condition between the shear scalar <span>(sigma left( tright) )</span> and the expansion scalar <span>(Theta left( tright) )</span> in order to obtain a determinate cosmological solution of the field equations, leading to a specific relationship between the metric potentials, expressed as <span>(e^h=s^m)</span>, where <i>m</i> is an arbitrary constant. In the present work, we have studied two <span>(fleft( Qright) )</span>-gravity models: the first <span>(fleft( Qright) =alpha Q+beta )</span> is a linear model with free parameters <span>(alpha )</span> and <span>(beta )</span> while the second <span>(fleft( Qright) =left( alpha Q+beta right) e^{-left( alpha Q+beta right) })</span> is a non-linear exponential form with the same free parameters influencing the cosmic behavior. We analyze the physical behavior of both models by examining key cosmological quantities, including the density, pressure, equation of state parameter, deceleration parameter, and jerk parameter. Furthermore, we also analyze the energy conditions to assess the validity of both models, ensuring that they align with the physical requirements of the cosmological framework. We discuss the non-metricity scalar and its physical interpretation. Finally, our models reveal that the universe is in a phase of expansion and acceleration, displaying characteristics similar to a quintessence dark energy model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"64 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metric-Affine Myrzakulov Gravity Theories: Models, Applications and Theoretical Developments","authors":"Davood Momeni,&nbsp;Ratbay Myrzakulov","doi":"10.1007/s10773-025-05966-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-025-05966-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review provides a comprehensive overview of Myrzakulov gravity, emphasizing key developments and significant results that have shaped the theory’s current understanding. The paper explores the foundational principles of this modified gravity framework, delving into the intricate structure of field equations, the incorporation of non-metricity, and the role of torsion in determining gravitational interactions. The theory’s implications extend beyond traditional gravitational physics, offering new perspectives on cosmology, astrophysical phenomena, and the behavior of matter and energy in the presence of strong gravitational fields. A particular focus is placed on the formulation of field equations within Myrzakulov gravity and their relation to standard Einstein-Hilbert theory, highlighting how the introduction of additional geometric terms and scalar fields influences the dynamics of the universe. The role of non-metricity is examined in detail, revealing how it modifies the geodesic motion and curvature of spacetime, leading to distinct observable effects compared to General Relativity. We discuss the incorporation of the modified Einstein-Hilbert action, which allows for the accommodation of dark energy and dark matter in the context of cosmological expansion and structure formation. Additionally, the paper surveys the applications of Myrzakulov gravity to a variety of astrophysical scenarios, such as black holes, gravitational waves, and the cosmic acceleration observed in the late universe. These applications illustrate the potential of the theory to offer alternative explanations for phenomena typically attributed to dark matter and dark energy. The review also highlights important constraints derived from observational data, including cosmological measurements and tests of gravitational wave propagation, that help refine the model’s predictions and determine its compatibility with the current understanding of the universe. With a selective focus on the most impactful outcomes and experimental validations, this review aims to provide a concise yet thorough examination of Myrzakulov gravity, addressing both its theoretical underpinnings and observational constraints. By presenting the theory in the broader context of modified gravity approaches, we explore its potential to reshape fundamental physics and offer novel insights into the mysteries of the cosmos.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"64 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some Analytical Solutions to the Compressible Euler-Korteweg Equations","authors":"Jianwei Dong,&nbsp;Junhui Zhu,&nbsp;Litao Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10773-025-05964-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-025-05964-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>When <span>(gamma =frac{3}{2})</span>, we construct some analytical solutions to the compressible Euler-Korteweg equations, where <span>(gamma )</span> is the adiabatic exponent. For the one-dimensional case, we provide a self-similar analytical solution for the vacuum free boundary problem on a finite interval, the vacuum free boundary problem on a half line and the Cauchy problem, respectively. From the constructed solutions, we find that the free boundary for the vacuum free boundary problem on a finite interval expands out linearly in time, this is same to the case when the capillarity force is absent. But for the vacuum free boundary problem on a half line and the Cauchy problem, we find that the capillarity effect plays a crucial role in preventing the smooth solutions from blowing up. We also extend these results to the <i>N</i>-dimensional radially symmetric case and the three-dimensional cylindrically symmetric case, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"64 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimatter Gravity Experiments, the Astronomical Challenges to ΛCDM Cosmology and the Quantum Vacuum as a Possible Source of Gravity in the Universe","authors":"Dragan Slavkov Hajdukovic","doi":"10.1007/s10773-025-05954-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-025-05954-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review is motivated by the first result of the ALPHA-g experiment at CERN, which indicates that atoms and anti-atoms have different gravitational charges; according to measurements, the gravitational acceleration of anti-atoms is only 0.75 of that of ordinary matter. If confirmed by more precise measurements, this will greatly increase the plausibility of the emerging cosmological model, which is based on the working hypothesis that quantum vacuum fluctuations are virtual gravitational dipoles; a hypothesis that opens up the possibility that the quantum vacuum is a major source of gravity in the universe (which could eventually eliminate the need for the hypothetical dark matter and dark energy). This laboratory challenge to general relativity and ΛCDM cosmology is complemented by astronomical challenges (the Hubble tension, very fast initial growth of structures in the Universe, dark energy deviating from the cosmological constant…). The intriguing question is: do the antimatter gravity experiments at CERN and the recent astronomical observations point to the same (highly unexpected) new physics? With this question in mind, we briefly review the antimatter gravity experiments at CERN and elsewhere, together with the major astronomical challenges and the emerging Quantum Vacuum cosmology, which seems to be compatible with the ALPHA-g result and with the preliminary astronomical challenges to ΛCDM cosmology. The laboratory and astronomical challenges have suddenly taken us into terra incognita, where we need absolutely unprecedented imagination and open-minded thinking.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"64 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Efficiency Enhanced Semi-Quantum Private Comparison Protocol via Provenance Distinguishable W-like State","authors":"Jian Li,&nbsp;Zhuo Wang,&nbsp;Jun Yang,&nbsp;Chongqiang Ye,&nbsp;Fanting Che,&nbsp;Anqi Fu","doi":"10.1007/s10773-024-05830-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-024-05830-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Semi-quantum communication and cryptography provides a solution to meet the potential threaten caused by quantum computational power in the period of the transition from classical computation to quantum computation, so the algorithms and protocols related with Semi-quantum technology has been become a research hotpot. Though many semi-quantum private comparison protocols were proposed to deal with the privacy protection in data computation in quantum era, most of them have relatively pessimistic efficiency in communication. In our scheme, By using the method of combining two W-like states and identifying the provenance of quantum states, the efficiency of similar semi-quantum privacy comparison is effectively improved. Therefore, the efficiency of this scheme is raised to 7.134% which is doubled compared with previous protocols via this thought of introduce different provenance states. Additionally, the analysis shows that the scheme also features inside and outside security.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"64 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strange Meson Production in Au-Au and Cu-Cu Collisions at RHIC Energies","authors":"Alamgir Khan,&nbsp;Yasir Ali,&nbsp;Uzma Tabassam,&nbsp;Taimoor Khurshid,&nbsp;Ali Zaman","doi":"10.1007/s10773-025-05959-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-025-05959-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The transverse momentum spectra of <span>(K^{*}(892)^{0})</span> and <span>(phi (1020)^{0})</span> are analyzed as a function of <span>(p_{T})</span> in the range <span>( 0&lt; p_{T} &lt; 5 ;GeV/c)</span> and <span>( 0&lt; p_{T} &lt; 3.5 ;GeV/c)</span> in <span>(Au-Au)</span> and <span>(Cu-Cu)</span> collisions, in the mid-rapidity interval i.e. <span>(|y| &lt; 0.5)</span>. We have used PYTHIA8, EPOS-LHC, and EPOS-1.99 event generators for this study at <span>(sqrt{s_{NN}} = 62.4)</span> and <span>(200;GeV)</span>. In order to validate the models, Simulated distributions are compared with STAR Experimental data. The predictions obtained from PYTHIA8 shows good agreement with the STAR data, while the EPOS-LHC and EPOS-1.99 could not describe the STAR data very well. For the quantitative analysis the ratio: <span>(K^{*}(892)^{0}/K(498)^{0})</span> and <span>(phi (1020)^{0}/K(498)^{0})</span> is also presented. In this analysis TSallis fitting is used to extract freeze-out parameters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"64 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10773-025-05959-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum Correlations in the XY Model Under a Non-Uniform Imaginary Magnetic Field","authors":"Zhang Yunpeng,&nbsp;Yuan Shun,&nbsp;Chang Guohao,&nbsp;Hunduzi Halimjan,&nbsp;Ahmad Abliz","doi":"10.1007/s10773-025-05952-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-025-05952-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In non-Hermitian spin chain systems, spontaneous symmetry breaking induced by non-Hermiticity leads to significant differences in the behavior of quantum correlations compared to Hermitian quantum systems. This paper discusses the manipulation of quantum correlations in the Heisenberg XY spin chain model under an imaginary magnetic field. Based on the energy spectrum structure of the non-Hermitian spin chain system obtained in the biorthogonal basis, we analyzed the efficiency of nonuniform imaginary magnetic fields in the generation and dynamical control of quantum correlations. The results indicate that non-Hermitian spin chain systems subjected to uniform or nonuniform imaginary magnetic fields exhibit superior entanglement properties compared to systems under transverse real fields. In particular, when the PT-symmetry in the system is unbroken, the imaginary magnetic field monotonically enhances the thermal entanglement of the system. We observed entanglement sudden ‘death’ and ‘revival’ phenomena in the PT-symmetric region under a nonuniform imaginary magnetic field. In the PT-symmetry broken region, entanglement is enhanced further due to the presence of exceptional points. Moreover, the time evolution of quantum entanglement and quantum discord reveals that the system transitions from the unbroken PT-symmetric region to the broken region as the imaginary magnetic field increases. In this process, the periodic oscillatory patterns of quantum correlations change to a monotonically increasing behavior, eventually converging to a steady-state value. Our results provide a theoretical basis for using imaginary magnetic fields for controlling quantum correlations and offer a strategy for achieving maximally entangled states in non-Hermitian spin chain systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"64 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10773-025-05952-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Density Fluctuations for Squeezed Number State and Coherent Squeezed Number State in Flat FRW Universe","authors":"Dhwani Gangal,&nbsp;Sudhava Yadav,&nbsp;K. K. Venkataratnam","doi":"10.1007/s10773-025-05948-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-025-05948-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study the density fluctuations for Coherent Squeezed Number State (CSNS) and Squeezed Number States (SNS) formalism in the Semiclassical theory of gravity in a flat FRW universe. We used the Number state evolution of the oscillatory phase of inflation for coherent squeezed number state and squeezed number state formalisms. We analyzed that density fluctuations for SNS depend upon squeezing parameter and number state while for CSNS density fluctuations depend upon squeezing parameter, number state, and coherent state parameter. These parameters play an important role in the quantum consideration of SNS and CSNS. The results of the analysis show that an increase in density fluctuations for both SNS and CSNS demonstrates the quantum behavior of SCEE as well as the production of various kinds of particles in these states.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"64 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}