Applied physics reviews最新文献

{"title":"Gate-voltage control of anisotropic bilinear magnetoresistance at Rashba interfaces","authors":"Meng Zhao, Jine Zhang, Furong Han, Yuansha Chen, Fengxia Hu, Baogen Shen, Weisheng Zhao, Jirong Sun, Yue Zhang","doi":"10.1063/5.0234628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0234628","url":null,"abstract":"Bilinear magnetoresistance (BMR), exhibiting a linear response to magnetic field or applied current, has garnered significant attention in recent research. While most previous works have focused on isotropic BMR, arising from isotropic band structure or the spin Hall effect, we report on a strongly anisotropic BMR (ABMR) observed at the KTaO3 Rashba interface, characterized by a unique low-symmetry Fermi surface. For the first time, we have successfully achieved significant regulation of ABMR through the application of gate voltage. Our quantified analysis reveals a profound link between the tunable anisotropy in Rashba spin splitting and the precise modulation of the Fermi level filling, highlighting its central role in governing gate-modulated ABMR. Additionally, we introduce a rigorous physical model that provides a deep and nuanced understanding of the mechanisms underlying gate-voltage-controlled ABMR. This control over electronic processes in low-dimensional systems holds immense potential for both fundamental physics research and the development of advanced multi-channel spintronic devices.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143367242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart diapers: From wetness monitoring to early diagnosis","authors":"Min Hu, Jia Wei Lim, Philip Lin Kiat Yap, Ngoc Huong Lien Ha, Pei Shi Yeo, Guolin Xu, Rensheng Deng, Shiou Liang Wee, Jackie Y. Ying","doi":"10.1063/5.0232027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0232027","url":null,"abstract":"Diaper dermatitis and associated infections are common problems that often afflict diaper wearers. These problems will become more prevalent in the future, as our population ages and more people need to wear diapers. An urgent solution is therefore needed to address these problems. Smart diapers have recently attracted much attention for their potential to significantly reduce the occurrence of diaper dermatitis and skin infections, by enabling timely change of soiled diapers via instant notification. Over the past decade, research has focused on the development of wearable technologies that facilitate the progress and commercialization of smart diaper products. Herein, we review the state-of-the-art development of smart diapers and alert systems, including sensing technologies, wireless communication protocols, and data processing strategies, as well as the extension of their capabilities from wetness monitoring to biomarker detection. Their advantages, drawbacks, and overall suitability for different groups of wearers are evaluated. We conclude by discussing the challenges, future research directions, and the potential use of smart diapers in the early diagnosis of diseases.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"67 12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143367241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced theoretical modeling methodologies for electrocatalyst design in sustainable energy conversion","authors":"Tianyi Wang, Qilong Wu, Yun Han, Zhongyuan Guo, Jun Chen, Chuangwei Liu","doi":"10.1063/5.0235572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0235572","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical reactions are pivotal for energy conversion and storage to achieve a carbon-neutral and sustainable society, and optimal electrocatalysts are essential for their industrial applications. Theoretical modeling methodologies, such as density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD), efficiently assess electrochemical reaction mechanisms and electrocatalyst performance at atomic and molecular levels. However, its intrinsic algorithm limitations and high computational costs for large-scale systems generate gaps between experimental observations and calculation simulation, restricting the accuracy and efficiency of electrocatalyst design. Combining machine learning (ML) is a promising strategy to accelerate the development of electrocatalysts. The ML-DFT frameworks establish accurate property–structure–performance relations to predict and verify novel electrocatalysts' properties and performance, providing a deep understanding of reaction mechanisms. The ML-based methods also accelerate the solution of MD and DFT. Moreover, integrating ML and experiment characterization techniques represents a cutting-edge approach to providing insights into the structural, electronic, and chemical changes under working conditions. This review will summarize the DFT development and the current ML application status for electrocatalyst design in various electrochemical energy conversions. The underlying physical fundaments, application advancements, and challenges will be summarized. Finally, future research directions and prospects will be proposed to guide novel electrocatalyst design for the sustainable energy revolution.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complex thermoelectric transport in Bi-Sb alloys","authors":"Rachel Orenstein, Kamil Ciesielski, Karol Synoradzki, Jiaxing Qu, Ferdaushi Alam Bipasha, Lídia C. Gomes, Jesse M. Adamczyk, Shannon Berger, Elif Ertekin, Eric S. Toberer","doi":"10.1063/5.0237802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0237802","url":null,"abstract":"Bi1−xSbx alloys are classic thermoelectric materials for near-cryogenic applications. Despite more than half a century of study, unraveling the underlying transport physics within this space has been nontrivial due to the complex electronic structure, disorder, and small bandgap within these alloys. Furthermore, as Peltier coolers, Bi1−xSbx alloys operate in a bipolar regime; as such, understanding the impact of minority carriers is critical for further improvements in device performance. This study unites first principles calculations with low-temperature experimental measurements to create a generalized model for transport within semiconducting Bi-Sb alloys. Our exploration reveals the interplay between the complex, degenerate valence band structure with the extremely light conduction bands. By building a hybrid computational/experimental model, an understanding of both the electron and hole relaxation times emerges both as a function of temperature and energy. Special quasi-random supercell calculations reveal that, despite significant atomic disorder, the electronic band structures within the alloy remains largely unaffected and electron–phonon scattering dominates. For charge carriers near the band edges, the relaxation times are thus extremely long, consistent with cyclotronic behavior appearing at low magnetic fields (≪ 1 T). Modeling thermoelectric performance suggests that the valence band edge deformation potential is significantly weaker and highlights the potential for p-type compositions to meet or exceed the current n-type alloys.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic skyrmion: from fundamental physics to pioneering applications","authors":"Kishan K. Mishra, Aijaz H. Lone, Srikant Srinivasan, Hossein Fariborzi, Gianluca Setti","doi":"10.1063/5.0223004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0223004","url":null,"abstract":"Skyrmionic devices exhibit energy-efficient and high-integration data storage and computing capabilities due to their small size, topological protection, and low drive current requirements. So, to realize these devices, an extensive study, from fundamental physics to practical applications, becomes essential. In this article, we present an exhaustive review of the advancements in understanding the fundamental physics behind magnetic skyrmions and the novel data storage and computing technologies based on them. We begin with an in-depth discussion of fundamental concepts such as topological protection, stability, statics, and dynamics essential for understanding skyrmions, henceforth the foundation of skyrmion technologies. For the realization of CMOS-compatible skyrmion functional devices, the writing and reading of the skyrmions are crucial. We discuss the developments in different writing schemes such as STT, SOT, and VCMA. The reading of skyrmions is predominantly achieved via two mechanisms: the magnetoresistive tunnel junction TMR effect and topological resistivity. So, a thorough investigation into the skyrmion Hall effect, topological properties, and emergent fields is also provided, concluding the discussion on skyrmion reading developments. Based on the writing and reading schemes, we discuss the applications of the skyrmions in conventional logic, unconventional logic, memory applications, and neuromorphic computing, including a model of a skyrmion-based SNN architecture achieving over 90% accuracy on MNIST and fashion-MNIST datasets. Furthermore, we outline the potential of skyrmion-hosting Majorana zero modes in emerging topological quantum computation and helicity-dependent skyrmion qubits.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly transparent and semi-transparent perovskites and their applications","authors":"Tehila Wallach, Lioz Etgar","doi":"10.1063/5.0237977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0237977","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite has recently garnered significant attention as a promising semiconductor for optoelectronic applications and particularly for solar cells. In various applications, solar cells must be semi-transparent or even nearly fully transparent. Perovskite solar cells emerge as strong contenders to meet this requirement, owing to their remarkable versatility that allows for high transparency. Consequently, numerous studies on semi-transparent perovskite have been presented in recent years, demonstrating significant advancements in their properties. This review aims to explore color-neutral highly transparent and semi-transparent perovskite solar cells, encompassing their synthetic routes, challenges associated with their fabrication process, and potential solutions. The incorporation of potential additives or two-dimensional perovskites to enhance the properties of semi-transparent perovskite solar cells is also discussed. Finally, we will delve into some promising applications of semi-transparent perovskite solar cells and other applications that have been successfully studied.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking high hole mobility in diamond over a wide temperature range via efficient shear strain","authors":"Jianshi Sun, Shouhang Li, Cheng Shao, Zhen Tong, Meng An, Yuhang Yao, Yue Hu, Xiongfei Zhu, Yifan Liu, Renzong Wang, Xiangjun Liu, Thomas Frauenheim","doi":"10.1063/5.0245795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0245795","url":null,"abstract":"As a wide bandgap semiconductor, diamond holds both excellent electrical and thermal properties, making it highly promising in the electrical industry. However, its hole mobility is relatively low and dramatically decreases with increasing temperature, which severely limits further applications. Herein, we proposed that the hole mobility can be efficiently enhanced via slight compressive shear strain along the [100] direction, while the improvement via shear strain along the [111] direction is marginal. This impressive distinction is attributed to the deformation potential and the elastic compliance matrix. The shear strain breaks the symmetry of the crystalline structure and lifts the band degeneracy near the valence band edge, resulting in a significant suppression of interband electron–phonon scattering. Moreover, the hole mobility becomes less temperature-dependent due to the decrease of electron scatterings from high-frequency acoustic phonons. Remarkably, the in-plane hole mobility of diamond is increased by ∼800% at 800 K with a 2% compressive shear strain along the [100] direction. The efficient shear strain strategy can be further extended to other semiconductors with face-centered cubic geometry.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoscopic technologies toward molecular profiling of single extracellular vesicles for cancer liquid biopsy","authors":"Mahsa Jalali, Yao Lu, Carolina del Real Mata, Janusz Rak, Sara Mahshid","doi":"10.1063/5.0221219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0221219","url":null,"abstract":"Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising cancer biomarkers due to their encapsulation of molecular signals reflective of originating tumor cells. Conventional analytical methods often fall short in comprehensive EV molecular profiling, necessitating innovative approaches for enhanced sensitivity and selectivity. This review focuses on the utilization of nanoplasmonic structures for optical signal detection of EVs, exploring advancements, challenges, and future prospects toward single EV molecular profiling. Nanoplasmonic structures offer enhanced optical readout capabilities, leveraging light iridescence, and plasmonic amplification suitable for the size range and complexity of the EVs. We delve into the research and implications of on-chip methods, shedding light on EVs' role in health and disease. Despite notable progress, opportunities still exist to further develop nanoplasmonic arrays, customizing them for bioanalytes of interest, crucial for both label-free and labeled techniques to attain the objectives of their EV profiling. One such example is the use of specific antibodies for surface functionalization in nanoplasmonic arrays. Other approaches involve tailoring the design of platforms to the physical properties of target EVs, thereby enhancing characterization capabilities. The subsequent sections will cover a curated selection of relevant studies. We later discuss EV analysis through plasmonic nanoarrays in clinical sample scenarios. While patterning methods, such as colloidal self-assembly and e-beam lithography, enable integration with microfluidic systems, facilitating future investigations, few technologies have entered clinical trials. This roadblock highlights the need for further development of cost-effective, detailed molecular profiling methods. Moreover, we discuss avenues like single EV profiling and machine learning to address challenges related to heterogeneity of EVs as liquid biopsy biomarkers. Finally, we discuss future opportunities in developing nanoplasmonic-assisted EV profiling and studied their driving advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic realms, such as customizable nanoplasmonic structures coupled with artificial intelligence analysis modules, as a path forward for precise EV molecular profiling, which may enable personalized therapeutic interventions.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Layered double hydroxide for photocatalytic application toward CO2 reduction and water splitting: Recent advances, synthesis, heterojunction formation, challenges, and future directions","authors":"Azmat Ali Khan, Muhammad Tahir, Nazish Khan","doi":"10.1063/5.0217518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0217518","url":null,"abstract":"Solar fuel production through water splitting and CO2 reduction by employing photocatalytic materials is a paradigm track to present renewable energy sources and lessen global warming. Among these materials, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been widely investigated in CO2 reduction and water splitting to produce chemical fuels. However, pure LDHs suffer from sluggish charge-carrier transport, a great electron–hole recombination rate as well as tend to cause agglomeration. Due to the aforementioned bottlenecks, numerous modification techniques have been considerably explored to enhance the potential of LDHs toward photocatalytic water splitting and CO2 photoreduction. Therefore, this article presents a thorough review of developments made for the construction and modification of LDH photocatalyst properties aiming to enhance water splitting and photocatalytic CO2 reduction. The review starts with the techniques adopted to synthesize LDH-based structures toward enhanced structure and morphology. The key semiconducting, optical, and electronic properties are studied to understand the conduct of LDH materials toward excellent photocatalytic material. The study then deliberates the techniques such as morphological engineering, hybridization with conducting and semiconducting materials, vacancy creation and defect engineering, components tuning, photothermal catalysis, heterojunction, and heterostructural engineering employed for the enrichment of photocatalytic properties. The study also discusses the steps taken to enhance the adsorption of LDHs and coupling of computational and operando techniques toward semiconducting, structural, and optical properties to investigate the best-performing photocatalysts. The study also reviews the recent advancements of LDH for applications toward water splitting and CO2 conversion.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure, properties, and applications of CoxC catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch reaction mechanism and perspective","authors":"Xiaoling Hong, Xia Xiang, Yanping Chen, Junjie Shi, Wei Liu, Sean Li, Jian Liu, Xiaotao Zu","doi":"10.1063/5.0237462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0237462","url":null,"abstract":"The classical Fischer–Tropsch to Olefins (FTO) reaction is a pivotal method for converting syngas, derived from fossil energy sources, such as coal, biomass, and natural gas, into lower olefins. The growing interest in expanding or commercializing FTO has driven the development of catalysts with exceptional performance. Lower olefins (C2–4=) are widely used as fundamental components in everyday products such as detergents, lubricants, plastic, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetic additives. Additionally, higher alcohols with functional C– groups can not only improve the atomic utilization in catalytic reactions but also serve as raw materials for combustibles, fuels or fuel additives, and various fine chemicals. In recent years, new transition metal carbide catalysts have attracted significant attention in the exploration and application of FTO catalytic reactions. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of non-noble metal cobalt carbide CoxC (x = 2, 3) catalysts for the efficient utilization of COx (x = 1, 2). The review covers the phase transitions during the formation of CoxC-based catalysts, their properties, activity, product selectivity, and interrelationships among these factors. Finally, the current challenges facing CoxC-based catalysts in effectively harnessing COx in FTO are discussed, along with perspectives on potential future commercial applications.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143057079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}