Applied physics reviews最新文献

{"title":"Boosting quality factor of resonant sensors in fluids","authors":"Sri Harsha Paladugu, Kaustav Roy, Anuj Ashok, Bibhas Nayak, Annapoorni Rangarajan, Rudra Pratap","doi":"10.1063/5.0172448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0172448","url":null,"abstract":"Micro-mechanical resonators are widely used in modern sensing technology due to their high-quality factor (Q), enabling sensitive detection of various stimuli. However, the performance of these resonators in fluid environments is limited by significant viscous and acoustic radiation losses that reduce their Q. Here, we present a paradigm-shifting discovery that challenges the conventional wisdom of resonant sensing in fluids. We report an optimal volume of fluid over a 2D micro-resonator that increases the Q by up to 1000% compared to that in air. We have conducted precise experiments on piezoelectric, circular, membrane-type micro-resonators of 4 mm diameter fabricated using microelectromechanical systems technology on silicon-on-insulator wafers. The top side of the resonator was filled with different volumes of a fluid, i.e., fluidically loading only on one side of the membrane rather than entirely immersing the device, and its Q was measured through resonance tracking by actuating the resonator with an appropriate voltage. We found the existence of an optimal volume of fluid that maximized the Q. We argue that this phenomenon is a result of a balance between the enhancement of kinetic energy of the resonator due to mass loading of the fluid and the energy dissipation through viscous and acoustic radiation losses in the fluid medium. This remarkable enhancement in Q substantially improves the sensitivity of the resonator, with important implications for diverse applications such as biosensing and chemical detection. Our findings challenge the prevailing understanding of resonant sensing in fluids, providing new avenues for the development of highly sensitive sensors.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143849443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probing nanoscale structural perturbation in a WS2 monolayer via explainable artificial intelligence","authors":"Hyeong Chan Suh, Jaekak Yoo, Kangmo Yeo, Dong Hyeon Kim, Yo Seob Won, Taehoon Kim, Youngwoo Cho, Ki Kang Kim, Seung Mi Lee, Heejun Yang, Dong-Wook Kim, Mun Seok Jeong","doi":"10.1063/5.0249177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0249177","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the applicability of the machine learning model in correlative spectroscopy to enhance spatial resolution for probing nanoscale structural perturbations. The developed model demonstrates significant enhancement in spatial resolution, achieving up to 50 nm through the integration of Kelvin probe force microscopy and atomic force microscopy data. The predicted nanoscale Raman image reveals abnormal behaviors associated with strain-induced lattice perturbations, such as the presence of compressive and tensile strains within identical nanoscale wrinkles. Afterward, we interpreted the trained model using explainable artificial intelligence techniques, uncovering synergistic contributions to the Raman features across each input dataset within the nanoscale region. Our analysis demonstrates that the model effectively reflects key strain-induced lattice behaviors, highlighting its nanoscale sensitivity to structural perturbations. Finally, we validated these findings using quantum mechanical calculations, which confirmed the strain-induced changes in Raman-active modes. This study offers comprehensive insights into nanoscale structural perturbations, paving the way for innovative approaches to high-resolution spectroscopic analysis in low-dimensional materials.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143837236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles: The physics, synthesis, properties, and applications","authors":"Sumayya M. Ansari, Adnan Younis, Yesh D. Kolekar, C. V. Ramana","doi":"10.1063/5.0244555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0244555","url":null,"abstract":"Spinel cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4, CFO) nanoparticles (NPs) are a major focus of fundamental science and technological innovation due to their distinctive mix of magnetic, electrical, and chemical characteristics. CFO NPs have outstanding chemical stability, modest saturation magnetism (∼80 emu/g), a high Curie temperature (∼793 K), and significant magnetocrystalline anisotropy. These characteristics, further improved by cation substitution and surface functionalization, enable a wide range of applications. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of CFO NPs, covering their synthesis methods, physicochemical characterization, surface modifications, and diverse applications. We compare the environmental impact, scalability, yield, and particle size control of a variety of synthesis techniques, including co-precipitation, hydrothermal, sol-gel route, combustion method, microemulsion, thermal decomposition, electrochemical synthesis, polyol method, and green synthesis methods. The sustainable alternative of green synthesis, which employs plant- and microbe-mediated biosynthesis, is becoming increasingly important in the biomedical and environmental sectors. Furthermore, we explore advanced surface functionalization techniques that employ monomeric, inorganic, and polymeric stabilizers to improve the biocompatibility and stability of CFO NPs. The effects of cation substitution (such as transition metals and rare-earth dopants) on the physicochemical and magnetic properties of CFO NPs are examined in detail, addressing challenges like cost and stability in real-world applications. Moreover, the present review provides a detailed discussion correlating structural, morphological, magnetic, dielectric, optical, and electrical properties of CFO with synthesis methods and modifications. The traditional energy storage and conversion applications of CFO are comprehensively discussed. Additionally, the review highlights magnetic applications, biomedical applications (e.g., MRI contrast agents, magnetic hyperthermia, and biosensors), the role of CFO in electronics and optoelectronics, purification and catalysis applications, as well as advances in electromagnetic technologies. Emerging applications, including their roles in quantum computing, nanorobotics, tissue engineering, and bioimaging, are also discussed, emphasizing the cutting-edge potential of CFO NPs in multifunctional technologies. The objective of this review is to critically evaluate recent advancements, challenges, and future research directions to bridge the divide in understanding CFO NPs. This systematic evaluation establishes a strong foundation for researchers, allowing them to investigate novel applications of CFO NPs in both current and emerging technological domains.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143831692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resonant light–matter interaction with epsilon-near-zero photonic structures","authors":"Peng Xie, Wei Wang, Yuri Kivshar","doi":"10.1063/5.0252120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0252120","url":null,"abstract":"The physics and properties of electromagnetic epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials have attracted much attention in recent years, especially in the fields of metamaterials, nonlinear optics, subwavelength photonics, and also in many systems supporting strong light–matter interaction. The unique optical properties of the ENZ materials, such as constant phase transmission, strong field enhancement, high tunability, and ultrafast phase transitions, offer novel opportunities for advancing optical communications and data processing, as well as integrated photonic devices. Here, we review the recent advances in theoretical and experimental studies of resonant light–matter interaction in photonic structures with ENZ materials and their applications to linear and nonlinear nanophotonics. We start by discussing briefly the fundamentals of the ENZ physics and experimental realizations of the ENZ materials. We then summarize the most recent advances in the study of ENZ material-based light–matter interaction and their applications in linear and nonlinear optics. Finally, we present our views on the further developments of the ENZ-empowered resonant photonics.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"218 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143831691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlled topological transitions between individual skyrmions and bubbles in a Fe1.96Ni0.84Pd0.2P nanodisk","authors":"Yongsen Zhang, Yaodong Wu, Meng Shi, Xitong Xu, Kang Wang, Shouguo Wang, Jin Tang","doi":"10.1063/5.0253074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0253074","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic skyrmions are swirl-like spin textures with intriguing topological properties. Topological transitions between skyrmions and other magnetic solitons have been explored to design emerging topological spintronics. In magnets with S4 and D2d symmetries, complex magnetic exchange interactions lead to diverse magnetic solitons, including two types of skyrmions and four types of bubbles, which could be applied for multiple-state information processing and storage. However, controlled topological transitions among two types of elliptic skyrmions and four types of bubbles in a controlled manner in strongly confined nanodisks remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate the stabilization and topological transformations of single magnetic solitons in a Fe1.96Ni0.84Pd0.2P nanodisk. Our results show reversible transitions between the two types of skyrmions and four types of bubbles by precisely controlling the in-plane magnetic fields. Further numerical simulations reproduce and agree well with our experiments.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143798385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superior self-powered infrared photodetector via semiconducting graphene-nanoribbons-based vertical heterojunctions","authors":"Yu Sun, Mingyang Wang, Xiaoxiao Zheng, Ziheng Li, Nan Han, Muyang Li, Zeyuan Wang, Lei Han, Yafei Ning, Sabeen Fatima, Klaus Leifer, Hu Li, Aimin Song","doi":"10.1063/5.0251103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0251103","url":null,"abstract":"Self-powered photodetectors, operating without an external power source, have garnered extensive interest for infrared (IR) detection owing to their vast potential in low-power consumption sensor systems. Here, a short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) heterojunction photodetector utilizing semiconducting graphene nanoribbons has been achieved and demonstrated record-high performance. In the self-powered mode, the heterojunction photodetector presents a responsivity of 73.5 A/W and a detectivity of 7.5 × 1014 Jones, surpassing previously reported self-powered IR photodetectors by several orders of magnitude. The superior performance is primarily due to the enhancement of the electric field caused by the photogating effect at the heterointerface. The device also displays unparalleled performance at −5 V bias voltage, achieving a responsivity of 843 A/W, a detectivity of 1015 Jones, and an external quantum efficiency of 105%, all of which are record-breaking values for SWIR photodetectors to date. Therefore, our approach provides new insight and demonstrates great potential for future high-performance low-power consumption IR detection technology.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143798375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlling microbubble formation in microfluidic devices: Advancements in experimental, theoretical, and numerical strategies","authors":"Aaqib H. Khan, Arijit Ganguli, Mohan Edirisinghe, Sameer V. Dalvi","doi":"10.1063/5.0250980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0250980","url":null,"abstract":"Microfluidic devices are becoming increasingly popular for producing microbubbles, as these devices provide much greater control over microbubble size compared to traditional methods such as sonication and amalgamation. Recent developments in microfabrication technologies have prompted several modifications in conventional microfluidic devices, which allow one to “engineer” microbubbles relevant to specific biomedical applications. The pursuit of improvements in microbubble engineering requires a detailed understanding of fluid flow behavior in microfluidic systems, which is where the motivation for this work originates from. This work provides an extensive review of the theoretical, experimental, and numerical investigations reported in the literature to understand microbubbles formation using microfluidic devices. The evolution of gas–liquid interfaces during microbubble formation, the pinch-off mechanism, and the confinement effect on microbubble size and production rate have been discussed. The scaling laws for the prediction of microbubble diameter and microbubble formation regimes maps providing details about the interplay of different forces have also been reviewed. Furthermore, the developments in CFD simulations based on different interface tracking schemes for microbubble formation in microfluidic devices, along with the recent developments and strategies to upscale microbubble production rate in microfluidic devices, have also been discussed. We conclude this review by outlining the need for current modifications in microfluidic systems to produce microbubbles, which can pave the way to new research in the field of microfluidics for microbubble engineering.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143798312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the design space between molecular mechanics and machine learning force fields","authors":"Yuanqing Wang, Kenichiro Takaba, Michael S. Chen, Marcus Wieder, Yuzhi Xu, Tong Zhu, John Z. H. Zhang, Arnav Nagle, Kuang Yu, Xinyan Wang, Daniel J. Cole, Joshua A. Rackers, Kyunghyun Cho, Joe G. Greener, Peter Eastman, Stefano Martiniani, Mark E. Tuckerman","doi":"10.1063/5.0237876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0237876","url":null,"abstract":"A force field as accurate as quantum mechanics (QMs) and as fast as molecular mechanics (MMs), with which one can simulate a biomolecular system efficiently enough and meaningfully enough to get quantitative insights, is among the most ardent dreams of biophysicists—a dream, nevertheless, not to be fulfilled any time soon. Machine learning force fields (MLFFs) represent a meaningful endeavor in this direction, where differentiable neural functions are parametrized to fit ab initio energies and forces through automatic differentiation. We argue that, as of now, the utility of the MLFF models is no longer bottlenecked by accuracy but primarily by their speed, as well as stability and generalizability—many recent variants, on limited chemical spaces, have long surpassed the chemical accuracy of 1 kcal/mol—the empirical threshold beyond which realistic chemical predictions are possible—though still magnitudes slower than MM. Hoping to kindle exploration and design of faster, albeit perhaps slightly less accurate MLFFs, in this review, we focus our attention on the technical design space (the speed-accuracy trade-off) between MM and ML force fields. After a brief review of the building blocks (from a machine learning-centric point of view) of force fields of either kind, we discuss the desired properties and challenges now faced by the force field development community, survey the efforts to make MM force fields more accurate and ML force fields faster, and envision what the next generation of MLFF might look like.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward the working mechanisms of tin oxide as buffer layer in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells","authors":"Qing Yang, Karsten Bittkau, Benjamin Klingebiel, Thomas Kirchartz, Uwe Rau, Kaining Ding","doi":"10.1063/5.0255418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0255418","url":null,"abstract":"Tin oxide (SnOX), a buffer layer commonly used to protect both the electron transport layer and the perovskite layer from sputtering-induced damage during the deposition of transparent conductive oxide in the top cell of perovskite-related tandem solar cells, is considered essential for achieving high efficiencies. Here, we systematically investigate the impact of SnOX on single-junction perovskite solar cells to understand the working mechanism of SnOX in the perovskite top cells. We discuss the correlation between the SnOX process and the photovoltaic parameters using steady-state photoluminescence, external quantum efficiency, space-charge-limited current measurements, and numerical simulations. We observe that the efficiency increased with thicker SnOX and the results suggest that thicker SnOX not only decreases the series resistance of perovskite solar cells but also has the potential to suppress nonradiative recombination. The improved buffer layer is finally used to produce a perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell with an efficiency of 32.84% (with a corresponding efficiency of 31.81% calculated using the short-circuit current density from the external quantum efficiency measurements).","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated strategy for icing/fogging mitigation with electromagnetic metamaterials and thin film surface acoustic waves","authors":"Chi Zhang, Huiling Ong, Hamdi Torun, Jikai Zhang, Luke Haworth, Nicholas L. Theodorou, Prashant Agrawal, Weipeng Xuan, Jinkai Chen, Dengmu Cheng, Jikui Luo, Yong-Qing Fu","doi":"10.1063/5.0241048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0241048","url":null,"abstract":"Icing, fogging, and frosting cause safety hazards, reduced energy efficiency, and operation difficulties in various sectors including aerospace and renewable energy. Traditional methods for mitigating these hazards are often based on active transducers that are either inconvenient, energy intensive, or utilizing chemicals that are detrimental to the environment and lacking long-term stability. To tackle the challenges of in situ monitoring and mitigating fogging and icing hazards on structural surfaces, we explored an integrated platform by combining electromagnetic (EM) metamaterials and piezoelectric thin film-based surface acoustic wave (SAW) technologies. Icing monitoring was performed using EM metamaterial based on SAW electrodes with advantages of wireless and non-contact detection, and effective de-icing functions were achieved through harnessing mechanical vibrations, acousto-thermal, and acoustic streaming effects generated by the SAWs. This integrated platform is modular and scalable up for practical applications requiring fogging/icing detection and prevention systems. Our results have shown that the resonant frequency of the metamaterial device was decreased with accumulation of condensation on the surface of the device, which showed the fulfillment of sensing and monitoring. Results also showed that as the applied SAW power was increased, the time taken for de-fogging and de-icing were significantly decreased.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}