Huai-Chin Huang, Shih-Min Chen, Claude Weisbuch, James S. Speck, Yuh-Renn Wu
{"title":"The influence of V-defects, leakage, and random alloy fluctuations on the carrier transport in red InGaN MQW LEDs","authors":"Huai-Chin Huang, Shih-Min Chen, Claude Weisbuch, James S. Speck, Yuh-Renn Wu","doi":"10.1063/5.0261821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0261821","url":null,"abstract":"Red InGaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) exhibit lower internal quantum efficiencies than violet, blue, and green InGaN LEDs due to a reduction in radiative recombination rates relative to non-radiative recombination rates as the Indium composition increases. Additionally, the larger polarization and band offset barriers between high indium content InGaN quantum wells and GaN quantum barriers increase the forward voltage. In blue and green LEDs, random alloy fluctuations and V-defects play a key role in reducing the forward voltage. When V-defects are present, either naturally or intentionally introduced, they create an alternative path for carrier injection into the MQWs through the V-defect sidewalls. This injection mechanism explains the turn-on voltages of green LEDs. However, in InGaN red LEDs, these two phenomena do not reduce the forward voltage as effectively as in blue and green LEDs, and consequently, the computed forward voltage remains significantly higher than the measured one. Furthermore, currents are observed at low voltages before the turn-on voltage (V<ℏω/e=2.0 V) of red LEDs. To address this, we introduce dislocation-induced tail states in the modeling, suggesting that leakage current through these states may play a significant role both below and at turn-on voltages. The simulation also indicates that leakage carriers below turn-on accumulate, partially diffuse in the QWs, screen the polarization-induced barrier in the low injection regime, and further reduce the forward voltage. Despite these beneficial effects, a drawback of dislocation-induced tail states is the enhanced nonradiative recombination in the dislocation line region. This study provides a detailed analysis of device injection physics in InGaN QW red LEDs and outlines potential optimization strategies.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144533221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shulun Han, Linyang Li, Chi Sin Tang, Qi Wang, Lingfeng Zhang, Caozheng Diao, Mingwen Zhao, Shuo Sun, Lijun Tian, Mark B. H. Breese, Chuanbing Cai, Milorad V. Milošević, Yanpeng Qi, Andrew T. S. Wee, Xinmao Yin
{"title":"Orbital hybridization and magnetic moment enhancement driven by charge density waves in kagome FeGe","authors":"Shulun Han, Linyang Li, Chi Sin Tang, Qi Wang, Lingfeng Zhang, Caozheng Diao, Mingwen Zhao, Shuo Sun, Lijun Tian, Mark B. H. Breese, Chuanbing Cai, Milorad V. Milošević, Yanpeng Qi, Andrew T. S. Wee, Xinmao Yin","doi":"10.1063/5.0260257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0260257","url":null,"abstract":"Interactions among various electronic states, such as charge density waves (CDWs), magnetism, and superconductivity, are pivotal in strongly correlated systems. While the relationship between CDWs and superconductivity has been extensively studied, the interplay between CDWs and magnetic order remains largely elusive. Kagome lattices, with their intrinsic nontrivial topology, charge order, and magnetism, provide a compelling framework for investigating these interactions. In this work, we unravel the orbital origins of magnetic moment modulation induced by CDW in the kagome magnet FeGe, a system exhibiting a unique coupling between CDW and magnetism. The combination of x-ray absorption spectroscopic experiments and first-principles calculations shed light on the temperature-dependent behavior of Fe3d–Ge4p orbital hybridization and corroborate its significant impact on the magnetic properties of FeGe. These findings introduce an orbital dimension to the correlation between charge and magnetic degrees of freedom, advancing our understanding of the intriguing quantum phases resulting from this interplay.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144533224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dominic Alfonso, Yueh-Lin Lee, Hari P. Paudel, Yuhua Duan
{"title":"Chemical applications of variational quantum eigenvalue-based quantum algorithms: Perspective and survey","authors":"Dominic Alfonso, Yueh-Lin Lee, Hari P. Paudel, Yuhua Duan","doi":"10.1063/5.0245874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0245874","url":null,"abstract":"Exploring many-body chemical systems on classical computers often involves solving the Schrödinger equation. However, this approach is frequently limited by the exponential increase in the dimensionality of the Hamiltonian as the number of degrees of freedom increases. In contrast, quantum computing, specifically through the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) framework, shows promise in overcoming this exponential cost. VQE can utilize the collective properties of quantum states to model the wavefunction in polynomial time. Despite the current limitations of quantum hardware, significant advances have been made in the development of VQE-based algorithms. In this review, we provide an overview of emerging protocols, focusing on their applications in simulating the ground state, excited state, and vibrational properties of chemical systems. By examining notable algorithmic advancements and applications, this review aims to shed light on the challenges and potential of VQE-based algorithms in addressing relevant chemical problems.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144533214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongyi Chen, James Hardwick, Lei Gao, Diego Martinez Plasencia, Sriram Subramanian, Ryuji Hirayama
{"title":"Acoustics in additive manufacturing: A path toward contactless, scalable, and high-precision manufacturing","authors":"Hongyi Chen, James Hardwick, Lei Gao, Diego Martinez Plasencia, Sriram Subramanian, Ryuji Hirayama","doi":"10.1063/5.0271688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0271688","url":null,"abstract":"Acoustic techniques have emerged as a transformative approach in additive manufacturing, enabling contactless, high-precision manipulation of particles, droplets, and cells through acoustic wavefields. While acoustic patterning has demonstrated remarkable control over microscale spatial configurations, its scalability into three-dimensional (3D) fabrication has remained constrained by challenges in bonding limitations and vertical stacking. To solve this challenge, hybrid acoustic-assisted 3D printing integrates acoustophoresis with established methods, such as direct ink writing and stereolithography, enhancing material deposition accuracy, microstructure alignment, and porous structuring of 3D printed products. However, these hybrid systems remain tethered to layer-by-layer architectures, limiting the full potential of acoustic techniques. Recent breakthroughs in standalone acoustic 3D fabrication, leveraging levitation, focusing, and ejection, have unlocked potential in contactless, layerless, and flexible multi-material assembly. Acoustic levitation systems enable mid-air construction on non-planar surfaces, and focused ultrasound techniques facilitate deep-penetration polymerization and acoustic droplet ejection advances nozzle-free droplet-based bioprinting. This review systematically evaluates the evolution of acoustics in additive manufacturing, addressing critical challenges in material compatibility, resolution, and scalability, while outlining the future of acoustics in additive manufacturing technology.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144533218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Himanshi Awasthi, N. K. Nishchitha, Pavar Sai Kumar, Sanket Goel
{"title":"Rapidly synthesized laser-induced graphene and its derivatives for miniaturized energy devices: Principles, applications, and challenges","authors":"Himanshi Awasthi, N. K. Nishchitha, Pavar Sai Kumar, Sanket Goel","doi":"10.1063/5.0242637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0242637","url":null,"abstract":"This review highlights the latest progress in the field of graphene synthesis, with a focus on laser-induced graphene (LIG) and its growing applications in flexible and miniaturized energy storage devices, particularly supercapacitors. Graphene has remarkable electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties that have attracted significant attention. However, conventional production techniques, such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and mechanical exfoliation, face challenges related to scalability and environmental impact. LIG emerges as a viable alternative, offering a rapid, eco-friendly, and scalable approach to graphene production. LIG provides precise control over material properties by employing direct laser irradiation on carbon-based precursors. This review further explores various laser systems, including CO2 and visible light lasers, applied to substrates such as polyimide, paper, and cloth. It investigates how factors like laser power, scanning speed, and substrate type affect graphene quality. Furthermore, the review examines the integration of LIG into energy storage technologies, highlighting its flexibility, high conductivity, and extensive surface area. It also addresses enhancing LIG properties through doping with elements like boron, nitrogen, and sulfur and incorporating nanoparticles such as silver and cobalt into LIG-based composites. Furthermore, detailed discussions are provided on how these modifications improve supercapacitor performance, specifically regarding areal capacitance, energy density, and storage capacity. These advancements underscore the versatility of LIG and its potential for application in various substrates.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"235 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144479503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A review on temperature coefficient of frequency (TCf) in resonant microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)","authors":"Wen Sui, Stephen J. Pearton, Philip X.-L. Feng","doi":"10.1063/5.0201566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0201566","url":null,"abstract":"Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have emerged as highly attractive alternatives to conventional commercial off-the-shelf electronic sensors and systems due to their ability to offer miniature size, reduced weight, and low power consumption (i.e., SWaP advantages). These features make MEMS particularly appealing for a wide range of critical applications, including communication, biomedical, automotive, aerospace, and defense sectors. Resonant MEMS play crucial roles in these applications by providing precise timing references and channel selections for electronic devices, facilitating accurate filtering, mixing, synchronization, and tracking via their high stability and low phase noise. Additionally, they serve as key components in sensing applications, enabling detection and precise measurement of physical quantities for monitoring and control purposes across various fields. Temperature stability stands as a paramount performance specification for MEMS resonators and oscillators. It relates to the responsivity of a resonator's frequency to temperature variations and is typically quantified by the temperature coefficient of frequency (TCf). A constant and substantially large absolute TCf is preferred in MEMS temperature sensing applications, while a near-zero TCf is required for timing and other MEMS transducers that necessitate the decoupling of temperature effects on the resonance frequency. This comprehensive review aims to provide an in-depth overview of recent advancements in studying TCf in MEMS resonators. The review explores the compensation and engineering techniques employed across a range of resonator types, utilizing diverse materials. Various aspects are covered, including the design of MEMS resonators, theoretical analysis of TCf, temperature regulation techniques, and the metallization effect at high temperatures. The discussion encompasses TCf analysis of MEMS resonators operating in flexural, torsional, surface, and bulk modes, employing materials such as silicon (Si), lithium niobate (LiNbO3), silicon carbide (SiC), aluminum nitride (AlN), and gallium nitride (GaN). Furthermore, the review identifies areas that require continued development to fully exploit the TCf of MEMS resonators.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144479422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multisensory integration neuromorphic device based on ferroelectric polar order change in atomic-thick α-In2Se3","authors":"Baohua Lv, Ruilong Yang, Zheng Zhang, Ziwen An, Zeting Zeng, Yanli Song, Zhu Ma, Wuhong Xue, Xiaohong Xu","doi":"10.1063/5.0260065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0260065","url":null,"abstract":"A multimodal nociceptor is an essential sensory receptor and can rapidly generate pain signals to make the body avoid potential damage from a variety of different noxious stimuli. Realizing multimodal neuromorphic behaviors in an electronic device is crucial for the development of artificial intelligence yet remains poorly explored. In this study, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an electronic multimodal nociceptor based on the monolayer atomic-thick van der Waals (vdW) α-In2Se3 ferroelectric. The demonstrated device is a semitransparent and flexible two-terminal planar architecture. Under voltage or white light stimuli, the devices all exhibit specific nociceptive characteristics including the “threshold,” “no adaptation,” “relaxation,” “allodynia,” and “hyperalgesia.” When voltage and light are co-stimulated, the device shows a smaller threshold level. Such nociceptive behaviors are attributed to electric or light-triggered ferroelectric polar ordering change. This work bestows two-dimensional vdW ferroelectric materials with a new functional application of the artificial multimodal nociceptors, and also suggests their outstanding potential for the development of artificial intelligence systems, such as biomimetic robots.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144479423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ghost diffraction in complex scattering media: Principles and applications","authors":"Yin Xiao, Wen Chen","doi":"10.1063/5.0231769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0231769","url":null,"abstract":"Ghost diffraction has been widely studied from quantum to classical to computational, and its applications in imaging and communication have been continuously presented. This review comprehensively analyzes ghost diffraction principles, focusing on communication and imaging applications in complex scattering media. This review reports the challenges in ghost communication and imaging when complex scattering media exist and describes promising approaches to overcoming the challenges. In terms of ghost communication in complex environments, the generation of information carriers using various methods is described, e.g., zero-frequency component replacement, untrained neural networks, and iterative algorithms, etc. The methods exhibit high robustness in high-fidelity data transmission, and physically secured communication can be realized. In terms of ghost imaging (GI) in complex environments, the enhancement of spatial resolution is described and discussed. The integration with correction approaches provides a promising direction to achieving high robustness in GI in complex environments. Orbital angular momentum transmission based on GI is discussed, and dual-modality approaches are illustrated for simultaneous implementations of free-space transmission and imaging. High-resolution microscopic imaging with single-pixel detection in complex media is also presented. With the introduction and comparison of the state of the art on ghost diffraction in complex media and its applications, this review would inspire future research in ghost diffraction and the exploration of new applications from quantum to classical to computational.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yaoqun Wang, Qianwen Zhang, Yang Li, Yang Xia, Shiqing Zhao, Haiyan Hu, Fangchao Li, Xinli Cheng, Wenhu Qian, Cheng Zhang
{"title":"Memristor-integrated sensing systems leveraging quantum conductance effect for artificial bioelectronics","authors":"Yaoqun Wang, Qianwen Zhang, Yang Li, Yang Xia, Shiqing Zhao, Haiyan Hu, Fangchao Li, Xinli Cheng, Wenhu Qian, Cheng Zhang","doi":"10.1063/5.0230234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0230234","url":null,"abstract":"The application of memristive devices in the field of bionics is widespread, as they possess rapid operational speed, a straightforward device structure, and high density, enabling them to effectively mimic sensing, memory, and computing functions. Herein, the memristor-integrated sensing system is a new concept that has been proposed by researchers in recent years. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of recent advancements in smart memristive materials and devices for sensing various physical stimuli, such as electricity, magnetism, force, light, heat, and other properties. Additionally, we discuss the integration of digital memristors into sensing systems via thin-film or micro/nano-devices, as well as the integrated technology of in-sensor computing. The popular artificial bionic sensing systems based on memristors are also introduced, including artificial synapses and neuromorphic computing, biomimetic eye and artificial vision, artificial olfactory and gustatory systems, as well as health monitoring systems. The challenges and prospects of this innovative topic are finally expounded, aiming to provide a more comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of the subject matter, as well as identifying potential areas for future research and practice.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"606 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144311379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farzaneh Shayeganfar, Ali Ramazani, Veera Sundararaghavan, Yuhua Duan
{"title":"Quantum graph learning and algorithms applied in quantum computer sciences and image classification","authors":"Farzaneh Shayeganfar, Ali Ramazani, Veera Sundararaghavan, Yuhua Duan","doi":"10.1063/5.0237599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0237599","url":null,"abstract":"Graph and network theory play a fundamental role in quantum computer sciences, including quantum information and computation. Random graphs and complex network theory are pivotal in predicting novel quantum phenomena, where entangled links are represented by edges. Quantum algorithms have been developed to enhance solutions for various network problems, giving rise to quantum graph computing and quantum graph learning (QGL). In this review, we explore graph theory and graph learning methods as powerful tools for quantum computers to generate efficient solutions to problems beyond the reach of classical systems. We delve into the development of quantum complex network theory and its applications in quantum computation, materials discovery, and research. We also discuss quantum machine learning (QML) methodologies for effective image classification using qubits, quantum gates, and quantum circuits. Additionally, the paper addresses the challenges of QGL and algorithms, emphasizing the steps needed to develop flexible QGL solvers. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the fields of QGL and QML, highlights recent advancements, and identifies opportunities for future research.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144278360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}