Applied physics reviews最新文献

{"title":"Lipid nanoparticle-assisted mRNA therapy for cancer treatment","authors":"Hyun-Jin Kim, Ngoc Duy Le, Hyun-Ji Oh, Beomsu Kim, Eunjae Yoo, Jeonghwan Kim, Hyungshin Yim","doi":"10.1063/5.0247029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0247029","url":null,"abstract":"mRNA technology and the lipid nanoparticle (LNP) platform have gained significant research attention for other therapeutic applications, particularly cancer treatment, after the success of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. The flexibility, scalability, and safety of mRNA render it suitable for pharmaceutical applications, and recent advances in mRNA engineering have further improved both its stability and translational durability. The LNP platform has been instrumental in the clinical translation of mRNA therapy by enabling intracellular delivery and supporting access to both hepatic and extrahepatic organs. However, the lack of tumor-specific LNPs hinders the successful development of mRNA-based cancer therapy. In this review, we discussed the basic biology of mRNA and the benefits of mRNA therapy for cancer treatment. We highlighted how the LNP platform works and its important role in mRNA-based cancer therapy. We also looked into ways to improve the physicochemical properties of LNPs for cancer treatment. Clinical trials are reviewed to provide the current status of mRNA-LNP technology in cancer therapy. We conclude with a discussion of the challenges and future prospects for developing LNPs capable of mRNA delivery effectively for cancer treatment.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145017235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-dimensional carbide and nitride (MXene) materials for healthcare monitoring and biosensing applications","authors":"Yiwen Guo, Guangcun Shan, Ruzhan Qin, Chan-hung Shek, Hongbin Zhao, Haibin Gao, Hailing Tu","doi":"10.1063/5.0263813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0263813","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid evolution of intelligent manufacturing and personalized healthcare has driven demand for high-performance, adaptable sensors. MXenes, a family of two-dimensional transition metal carbides/nitrides, have emerged as transformative materials for next-generation sensing due to their exceptional conductivity, tunable surface chemistry, and versatile nanostructuring capabilities. To advance MXene-based sensing technologies and to facilitate their large-scale implementation at the microsystem or Chip level, this review delves into the latest advancements in MXene-based sensors, emphasizing synthesis strategies that enhance performance—such as HF-free etching and delamination techniques—and their direct impact on sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. Subsequently, MXene-based sensors are categorized into films, hydrogels, aerogels, quantum dots, and fibers from a materials science perspective, highlighting their unique advantages in wearable healthcare monitoring, environmental sensing, and smart industrial systems. Looking ahead, the primary challenges and future prospects for MXene sensors, including artificial intelligence-driven multifunctional platforms and scalable roll-to-roll fabrication, are provided, along with an assessment of their potential to accelerate commercialization in the near future.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145017237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimode tunable atomically thin vibrating-channel-transistor resonators with ultra-efficient electromechanical transduction","authors":"Rui Yang, Jaesung Lee, Philip X.-L. Feng","doi":"10.1063/5.0238991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0238991","url":null,"abstract":"Transistors based on two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors have emerged as promising candidates for ultra-scaled computing devices. By suspending the 2D channels and inducing mechanical resonance modes in the 2D semiconducting membranes, they form 2D vibrating-channel-transistor (VCT) resonators with ultralow power consumption. Yet on-chip electronic detection and tuning of multimode resonances in these 2D VCT resonators have been challenging due to the ultrasmall vibration amplitudes and rich multimode dynamics at radio frequencies (RF). Here, we leverage the atomic-scale thickness, ultrahigh strain limit, as well as strain-engineering effects on band structure and carrier mobility of 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) sheets, and experimentally demonstrate multimode 2D MoS2 VCT resonators. Using all-electronic signal transduction, we show single-, bi-, and tri-layer MoS2 VCT resonators with up to the 14th resonance mode, thanks to the ultra-efficient electromechanical transduction enabled by internal multiphysics coupling. Measured gate dependency of multimode resonances exhibits frequency tuning ranges of Δf/f0 up to 326%. These 2D VCT resonators provide a unique platform for engineering on-chip integrated and ultra-scaled RF signal transduction, sensing, and analog computing elements with multimode and hyperspectral capabilities.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Room-temperature exciton-polariton lasing in semiconductor colloidal quantum wells","authors":"Haixiao Zhao, Chenlin Wang, Minjie Zhou, Bing Jin, Xian Zhao, Baoqing Sun, Yuan Gao","doi":"10.1063/5.0252579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0252579","url":null,"abstract":"Exciton-polariton lasing is the spontaneous coherent emission resulting from exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC), facilitated by polariton-polariton simulated scattering. This process does not require population inversion, unlike conventional photonic lasers. II-VI/III-V colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals, known for their narrow emission linewidth and tunable emission wavelength, find broad applications in displays, LEDs, and detectors. However, achieving exciton-polariton lasing with these materials remains challenging. In this work, we investigate the exciton binding energy variations in CdSe colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) with different thicknesses and demonstrate the integration of CQWs in a face-down aligned configuration within a Fabry–Pérot cavity. This alignment enhances the exciton-photon coupling, leading to increased Rabi splitting energy and stronger coupling compared to randomly oriented CQWs, thereby facilitate exciton-polariton condensation. Due to the enhanced coupling with cavity fields and large exciton binding energy, we report the first observation of room-temperature exciton-polariton BEC and exciton-polariton lasing from CdSe CQWs. By systematically tuning the exciton-photon detuning, we achieve wavelength-tunable polariton lasing from 530 nm to 549 nm, including spectral regions without conventional optical gain, extending lasing beyond the intrinsic emission of 4 ML CQWs. These findings establish CdSe CQWs as effective platform for polariton-based optoelectronics.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anomalous Maxwell-Garnett theory for photonic time crystals","authors":"Zheng Gong, Ruoxi Chen, Hongsheng Chen, Xiao Lin","doi":"10.1063/5.0275246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0275246","url":null,"abstract":"The Maxwell-Garnett theory, dating back to James Clerk Maxwell-Garnett's foundational work in 1904, provides a simple yet powerful framework to describe the inhomogeneous structure as an effective homogeneous medium, which significantly reduces the overall complexity of analysis, calculation, and design. As such, the Maxwell-Garnett theory enables many practical applications in diverse realms, ranging from photonics, acoustics, mechanics, thermodynamics, to materials science. It has long been thought that the Maxwell-Garnett theory of light in impedance-mismatched periodic structures is valid only within the long-wavelength limit, necessitating either the temporal or spatial period of light to be much larger than that of structures. Here, we break this long-held belief by revealing an anomalous Maxwell-Garnett theory for impedance-mismatched photonic time crystals beyond this long-wavelength limit. The key to this anomaly lies in the Fabry–Pérot resonance. We discover that under the Fabry–Pérot resonance, the impedance-mismatched photonic time crystal could be essentially equivalent to a homogeneous temporal slab simultaneously at specific discrete wavelengths, despite the temporal period of these light being comparable to or even much smaller than that of photonic time crystals.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing biosensing and bioimaging with quantum technologies: From fundamental science to medical applications","authors":"Heechang Yun, Seungki Lee, Hongyoon Kim, Sebin Jeong, Eunji Lee, Ho Sang Jung, Junsuk Rho","doi":"10.1063/5.0231311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0231311","url":null,"abstract":"Deep understanding of biological systems and their effective applications, particularly in ultrasensitive sensing for early diagnosis and high-resolution imaging, is critical across diverse fields, including healthcare, environmental monitoring, food safety, and pharmaceuticals. Conventional methods for monitoring biosystems often face challenges due to the limited quantity and small size of biomolecules, as well as low signal-to-noise ratio. In contrast, quantum systems leverage quantum-mechanical properties to enable ultrasensitive measurements and high-resolution imaging, effectively overcoming the limitations of conventional techniques. These advanced systems provide profound insights into biological processes, facilitate ultrasensitive bio-detection, and advance bio-imaging technologies. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of quantum detection, defining its key characteristics and discussing examples of quantum systems applied in biological contexts, with a particular focus on sensing and imaging. Specifically, we examine nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds, quantum dots, and emerging approaches involving strong coupling and quantum tunneling. Finally, we explore the practical applications and future directions of quantum-biomedical technologies, highlighting their transformative potential in advancing biological research and diagnostics, with a focus on integrating quantum technologies with digital tools.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145003105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MXene as a hydrogen storage material","authors":"Qinqin Wei, Hui Luo, Cunke Huang, Zhiqiang Lan, Jin Guo, Xinhua Wang, Haizhen Liu","doi":"10.1063/5.0270993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0270993","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional hydrogen storage materials rely mainly on chemical adsorption (such as metal hydrides and chemical hydrides) or physical adsorption (such as metal–organic frameworks, activated carbon, zeolites, and other high-specific surface area materials) to achieve the storage and release of hydrogen. However, these materials struggle to simultaneously meet the technical requirements of high-capacity, rapid, and reversible hydrogen absorption and desorption under room temperature and atmospheric pressure. In recent years, both theoretical predictions and experimental research have indicated that nontraditional hydrogen storage materials based on hybrid adsorption mechanisms (such as physical adsorption, chemical adsorption, Kubas-type interactions, static electric polarization, and weak chemical adsorption)—namely, MXene materials—are promising for rapid and high-capacity hydrogen storage under normal conditions. This review aims to focus on the intrinsic principles of the diverse hybrid mechanisms of MXene materials and recent research progress of MXene as a hydrogen carrier. By detailed analysis of their structural characteristics, surface properties, and the specific mechanisms of interaction with hydrogen, it strives to deepen the understanding of the physicochemical principles of MXene materials as a hydrogen storage material.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144995369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrafast laser-matter interaction mechanisms and applications in functional device fabrication: Recent advances and perspectives","authors":"Cheng Yang, Changhao Ji, Shihe Feng, Yang Liu, Wei Wei, Yu Long","doi":"10.1063/5.0228383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0228383","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of high-performance functional devices has driven significant breakthroughs in various research fields, with ultrafast laser processing offering unprecedented opportunities for advanced device fabrication. This review summarizes recent progress and future prospects for ultrafast laser in fabricating functional optical, semiconductor, and sensor devices. Central to these advances is a deeper understanding of ultrafast laser–matter interaction physics, including nonlinear optical effects, multiphoton ionization, avalanche ionization, and laser-induced plasma dynamics. These phenomena govern carrier excitation, energy deposition, and subsequent structural modification. We further review how such interactions enable controlled refractive index changes, selective ablation, and nanoscale material structuring in photosensitive, dielectric, semiconductor, and metallic substrates. Key applications are then reviewed, including ultrafast laser fabrication of optical devices (e.g., optical waveguide devices, optical data storage elements, optical elements, and artificial compound eyes, integrated photonic devices), semiconductor devices (e.g., semiconductor light-emitting devices, photodiodes, solar cells, and photodetectors), and sensors (e.g., fiber optic sensors, flexible sensors, and biochemical sensors). Recent breakthroughs showcase ultrafast laser-induced precision in device miniaturization, improved optoelectronic characteristics, and integration of complex functions (e.g., topological photonic circuits fabricated via sub-100-nm laser writing, 5D optical data storage in glass with > 1 TB/cm3 density, perovskite solar cells achieving 25.7% efficiency through laser-induced phase engineering, alongside plasmonic biosensors with 100× sensitivity enhancement, and stretchable graphene sensors for wearables). Finally, this review discusses core challenges, such as enhancing the scalability of ultrafast laser processes for industrial-scale production and optimizing laser-material interactions to improve device reliability and performance. Future efforts should address key challenges such as the limited scalability of ultrafast laser processing and the incomplete understanding of laser–matter interactions at ultrafast timescales. Integrating ultrafast lasers with AI-driven control, beam shaping, and advanced materials such as 2D heterostructures may enable smarter and more multifunctional device platforms. A unified theoretical framework is also needed to guide precise and efficient fabrication. These directions highlight critical opportunities for bridging current limitations and enabling transformative advances. While not exhaustive, this review lays a foundation for further research into the transformative potential of ultrafast laser in functional device fabrication.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144983377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical fatigue of flexible batteries","authors":"A. Pazhouheshgar, M. M. Shokrieh, Z. Wei","doi":"10.1063/5.0254241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0254241","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible energy storage devices, such as flexible batteries, are essential in powering flexible electronics and face significant performance challenges under mechanical fatigue. This review explores the effects of mechanical fatigue on the electrochemical performance of flexible batteries, specifically analyzing fatigue in battery components and how it impacts the electrochemical parameters as key indicators of energy storage device lifetime. Distinct from electrochemical fatigue, mechanical fatigue in flexible batteries degrades their structural and functional stability. The review covers recent research on testing methods and advances in mechanical modeling and simulation that have been used to assess static and cyclic load impacts. Detailed attention is given to factors such as delamination, crack formation, wrinkling, and contact pressure, which influence the durability of flexible battery components. Microstructural analysis techniques are highlighted for investigating degradation at the interface of active materials and current collectors. Also, it was shown that machine learning is a promising tool for predicting the remaining useful life and improving the design of flexible batteries.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144930896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of heat in post-silicon electronics","authors":"Kyung Seok Woo, Gwangmin Kim, Kyung Min Kim, Suhas Kumar","doi":"10.1063/5.0258988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0258988","url":null,"abstract":"Managing heat is a major challenge in modern silicon-based computers due to both large static and dynamic power dissipations. There is a growing perspective that heat can serve as an information carrier (instead of being treated as a useless by-product) in post-silicon devices, enabling new functions and on-chip energy recycling. In this review, we introduce how heat can be utilized as a degree of freedom in electronic devices, and how such devices may enable efficient computers.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}