Applied physics reviews最新文献

{"title":"Weak value and measurement in precision sensing","authors":"Junfan Zhu, Ling Ye, Yifan Wang, Yurong Liu, Yinghang Jiang, An Wang, Jiguo Wu, Zhiyou Zhang","doi":"10.1063/5.0230512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0230512","url":null,"abstract":"Weak measurement refers to a type of quantum measurement that disturbs the system very little. In the framework of weak measurement, Aharonov, Albert, and Vaidman introduced the concept of postselection and thereby defined the weak value. In recent research, weak-value measurement (WVM) has offered a novel perspective for studying intricate problems in quantum mechanics, leading to many conceptual breakthroughs. More importantly in practice, WVM has shown an unprecedented impact on precision sensing. In this review, we begin by presenting the fundamental theory of WVM based on quantum parameter estimation, from which the effects of weak-value amplification and weak-coupling amplification can be derived. The two effects can significantly improve the precision in various sensing schemes based on WVM. We point out the technical advantages that enable the WVM schemes to outperform the conventional ones under the same measurement conditions. Notably, the capability of information compression is underscored, which is garnering increasing attention in the field of quantum metrology. This review aims to show the possibility for broadening the application of WVM to address more critical problems, and on the other hand, for leveraging its advantages to accomplish tasks that are currently unattainable, such that WVM could play a more important role in the future of precision sensing.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scaling the topological transport based on an effective Weyl picture","authors":"Shen Zhang, Jinying Yang, Meng Lyu, Junyan Liu, Binbin Wang, Hongxiang Wei, Claudia Felser, Wenqing Zhang, Enke Liu, Baogen Shen","doi":"10.1063/5.0249149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0249149","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic topological semimetals are increasingly fueling interest in exotic electronic–thermal physics, including thermoelectrics and spintronics. To control the transport of topological carriers in such materials becomes a central issue. However, the topological bands in real materials are normally intricate, leaving obstacles to understanding the transports in a physically clear way. Here, we proposed an effective Weyl picture to effectively describe the macroscopic transport for topological semimetals with effective Weyl bands and simplified parameters. The essential sign regularity of anomalous Hall and Nernst transports was revealed by connecting to the chiralities of Weyl nodes and carrier types. A generalizable temperature scaling was verified by experimental transports of magnetic topological materials. Upon a double-Weyl picture, a concept of Berry-curvature ferrimagnetic structure, as an analogy to the real-space magnetic structure, was further proposed and well described the emerging sign reversal of Nernst thermoelectric transports in temperature scale. Our study offers a convenient tool for scaling the Weyl-fermion-related transport physics and promotes the modulations and applications of magnetic topological materials and quantum devices.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143893396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-photoresponse mixed-dimensional CuOx/WSe2 p-type phototransistor with van der Waals interface","authors":"Wengui Jiang, Yonghuang Wu, Huanyu Ye, Liang Zhou, Zeqin Xin, Kai Liu, Yinghui Sun, Rongming Wang","doi":"10.1063/5.0254674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0254674","url":null,"abstract":"Mixed-dimensional heterostructures, which utilize the complementary advantages of diverse materials, hold great promise for high-performance photodetectors. However, p-type photodetection is constrained by the scarcity of suitable photosensitive materials and challenges in interface engineering, particularly over-coupling at the hetero-interface, which significantly impacts detection performance. In this work, we present a p-type CuOx/WSe2 phototransistor that achieves both high responsivity and broad bandwidth. Using CuOx nanoparticles with abundant copper vacancies for broadband light absorption and two-dimensional WSe2 as a high-mobility channel, this device demonstrates an exceptional responsivity of up to 1.8 × 105 A/W across wavelengths from 365 to 810 nm. The high performance originates from hole injection from defect-rich CuOx into WSe2, combined with electron trapping in vacancy states. The weak van der Waals interaction at the interface effectively decouples the optical absorption (in CuOx) from charge transport (in WSe2), enabling high gain without sacrificing response speed.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of perovskite ink for scalable solution process","authors":"Hui-Seon Kim, Nam-Gyu Park","doi":"10.1063/5.0236596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0236596","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite solar cell (PSC) is currently considered as one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies for the next generation, which strongly demands the development of scalable process for PSC manufacturing. When scaling up a state-of-the-art solution process for perovskite to a large area, a comparably poor film quality generally results from the perovskite ink flow particularly with nonvolatile solvent. Therefore, the design of perovskite ink inducing a high film quality in scalable process, as well as allowing a wide window for coating speed, is the most important for scalable manufacturing to assure industrial benefits with low-energy consumption and high throughput. In this review, the progress of perovskite ink for scalable process has been thoroughly understood closely relating to the nucleation and crystal growth kinetics, where the respective roles of solvents are distinguished with their limitation.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"501 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vision-based tactile sensing: From performance parameters to device design","authors":"Yi-Hang Xin, Kai-Ming Hu, Rui-Jia Xiang, Yu-Ling Gao, Jun-Feng Zhou, Guang Meng, Wen-Ming Zhang","doi":"10.1063/5.0249440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0249440","url":null,"abstract":"By integrating the virtues of vision and touch, vision-based tactile sensors (VBTSs) achieve an artificial tactile capability that transcends the natural, demonstrating superior performance unattainable through either sense alone. VBTS, as an innovative sensor, boasts commendable performance metrics and has found extensive applications across various domains. Nevertheless, a comprehensive synthesis regarding the perceptual performance achievable by VBTS is currently lacking. Moreover, the performance parameter evaluation systems for VBTS are not standardized, and the strategies for enhancing these metrics remain unclear. Here, the significant advancements in VBTS over recent years are summarized, from sensing mechanisms to application scenarios. The review particularly focuses on parameters that assess performance and novel strategies in hardware design aimed at improving these performance parameters, including key performance indicators (e.g., range, spatial resolution, and sensitivity), along with error, temporal parameters, miniaturization, and stability. This review also discusses the sensing capability and application scenarios, such as item identification, grasp control, material property detection, and multimodal perception. Finally, perspectives on VBTS are provided. We expect that this review enables researchers to rapidly comprehend the capabilities and performance of VBTS, and offers references for the selection or design of its different modules.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoscale imaging of biological systems via expansion and super-resolution microscopy","authors":"Daria Aristova, Dominik Kylies, Mario Del Rosario, Hannah S. Heil, Maria Schwerk, Malte Kuehl, Milagros N. Wong, Ricardo Henriques, Victor G. Puelles","doi":"10.1063/5.0240464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0240464","url":null,"abstract":"Super-resolution microscopy (SRM) has revolutionized life sciences by overcoming the diffraction limit, enabling the visualization of biological structures at the nanoscale. Expansion Microscopy (ExM) has emerged as a powerful and accessible technique that enhances resolution by physically enlarging the specimen. Importantly, the principles of ExM provide a unique foundation for combinations with SRM methods, pushing the boundaries of achievable resolution. This review explores the fundamental principles of ExM and examines its successful integration with various SRM techniques, including fluorescence fluctuation-based SRM, structured illumination microscopy, stimulated emission depletion microscopy, and single-molecule localization microscopy. We discuss the applications, strengths, limitations, and resolutions achieved by these combined approaches, providing a comprehensive guide for researchers to select the most suitable method for their specific scientific needs. Key considerations when combining ExM with SRM include the impact on fluorophores, the requirement for specialized buffers, and the challenges posed by the sensitivity of expanded hydrogels to temperature and hydration. Strategies to address these challenges, such as optimized labeling techniques and gel re-embedding, are discussed in detail. This review aims to assist researchers in navigating the rapidly evolving landscape of ExM and SRM, facilitating the development of tailored imaging pipelines to advance our understanding of biological systems at the nanoscale.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in fluidic neuromorphic computing","authors":"Cheryl Suwen Law, Juan Wang, Kornelius Nielsch, Andrew D. Abell, Juan Bisquert, Abel Santos","doi":"10.1063/5.0235267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0235267","url":null,"abstract":"Human brain is capable of optimizing information flow and processing without energy-intensive data shuttling between processor and memory. At the core of this unique capability are billions of neurons connected through trillions of synapses—basic processing units of the brain. The action potentials or “spikes” based temporal processing using the regulated flow of ions across ion channels in neuron cells allows sparse and efficient transmission of data in the brain. Emerging systems based on confined fluidic systems have provided a framework for a new type of neuromorphic computing with lower energy consumption, hardware-level plasticity, and multiple information carriers that emulate natural processes and mechanisms of human brain. These systems mimic neuronal architectures by harnessing and modulating ion transport along artificial channels. The spikes-induced ion-to-surface interactions within these fluidic systems enables the control of ionic conductivity to achieve synaptic plasticity for the realization of brain-inspired functionalities such as memory effect and signal transmission. Herein, this review provides an overview of recent advances in fluidic devices such as memristors and other computing components, covering their basic operations, materials and architectures, as well as applications in neuromorphic computing. The review concludes with a brief outline of the challenges that these emerging technologies face and an outlook for the development of fluidic-based brain-inspired computing.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polarization and domains in wurtzite ferroelectrics: Fundamentals and applications","authors":"Simon Fichtner, Georg Schönweger, Cheng-Wei Lee, Keisuke Yazawa, Prashun Gorai, Geoff L. Brennecka","doi":"10.1063/5.0249265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0249265","url":null,"abstract":"The 2019 report of ferroelectricity in (Al,Sc)N [Fichtner et al., J. Appl. Phys. 125, 114103 (2019)] broke a long-standing tradition of considering AlN the textbook example of a polar but non-ferroelectric material. Combined with the recent emergence of ferroelectricity in HfO2-based fluorites [Böscke et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 102903 (2011)], these unexpected discoveries have reinvigorated studies of integrated ferroelectrics, with teams racing to understand the fundamentals and/or deploy these new materials—or, more correctly, attractive new capabilities of old materials—in commercial devices. The five years since the seminal report of ferroelectric (Al,Sc)N [Fichtner et al., J. Appl. Phys. 125, 114103 (2019)] have been particularly exciting, and several aspects of recent advances have already been covered in recent review articles [Jena et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 58, SC0801 (2019); Wang et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 124, 150501 (2024); Kim et al., Nat. Nanotechnol. 18, 422–441 (2023); and F. Yang, Adv. Electron. Mater. 11, 2400279 (2024)]. We focus here on how the ferroelectric wurtzites have made the field rethink domain walls and the polarization reversal process—including the very character of spontaneous polarization itself—beyond the classic understanding that was based primarily around perovskite oxides and extended to other chemistries with various caveats. The tetrahedral and highly covalent bonding of AlN along with the correspondingly large bandgap lead to fundamental differences in doping/alloying, defect compensation, and charge distribution when compared to the classic ferroelectric systems; combined with the unipolar symmetry of the wurtzite structure, the result is a class of ferroelectrics that are both familiar and puzzling, with characteristics that seem to be perfectly enabling and simultaneously nonstarters for modern integrated devices. The goal of this review is to (relatively) quickly bring the reader up to speed on the current—at least as of early 2025—understanding of domains and defects in wurtzite ferroelectrics, covering the most relevant work on the fundamental science of these materials as well as some of the most exciting work in early demonstrations of device structures.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boosting quality factor of resonant sensors in fluids","authors":"Sri Harsha Paladugu, Kaustav Roy, Anuj Ashok, Bibhas Nayak, Annapoorni Rangarajan, Rudra Pratap","doi":"10.1063/5.0172448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0172448","url":null,"abstract":"Micro-mechanical resonators are widely used in modern sensing technology due to their high-quality factor (Q), enabling sensitive detection of various stimuli. However, the performance of these resonators in fluid environments is limited by significant viscous and acoustic radiation losses that reduce their Q. Here, we present a paradigm-shifting discovery that challenges the conventional wisdom of resonant sensing in fluids. We report an optimal volume of fluid over a 2D micro-resonator that increases the Q by up to 1000% compared to that in air. We have conducted precise experiments on piezoelectric, circular, membrane-type micro-resonators of 4 mm diameter fabricated using microelectromechanical systems technology on silicon-on-insulator wafers. The top side of the resonator was filled with different volumes of a fluid, i.e., fluidically loading only on one side of the membrane rather than entirely immersing the device, and its Q was measured through resonance tracking by actuating the resonator with an appropriate voltage. We found the existence of an optimal volume of fluid that maximized the Q. We argue that this phenomenon is a result of a balance between the enhancement of kinetic energy of the resonator due to mass loading of the fluid and the energy dissipation through viscous and acoustic radiation losses in the fluid medium. This remarkable enhancement in Q substantially improves the sensitivity of the resonator, with important implications for diverse applications such as biosensing and chemical detection. Our findings challenge the prevailing understanding of resonant sensing in fluids, providing new avenues for the development of highly sensitive sensors.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143849443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probing nanoscale structural perturbation in a WS2 monolayer via explainable artificial intelligence","authors":"Hyeong Chan Suh, Jaekak Yoo, Kangmo Yeo, Dong Hyeon Kim, Yo Seob Won, Taehoon Kim, Youngwoo Cho, Ki Kang Kim, Seung Mi Lee, Heejun Yang, Dong-Wook Kim, Mun Seok Jeong","doi":"10.1063/5.0249177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0249177","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the applicability of the machine learning model in correlative spectroscopy to enhance spatial resolution for probing nanoscale structural perturbations. The developed model demonstrates significant enhancement in spatial resolution, achieving up to 50 nm through the integration of Kelvin probe force microscopy and atomic force microscopy data. The predicted nanoscale Raman image reveals abnormal behaviors associated with strain-induced lattice perturbations, such as the presence of compressive and tensile strains within identical nanoscale wrinkles. Afterward, we interpreted the trained model using explainable artificial intelligence techniques, uncovering synergistic contributions to the Raman features across each input dataset within the nanoscale region. Our analysis demonstrates that the model effectively reflects key strain-induced lattice behaviors, highlighting its nanoscale sensitivity to structural perturbations. Finally, we validated these findings using quantum mechanical calculations, which confirmed the strain-induced changes in Raman-active modes. This study offers comprehensive insights into nanoscale structural perturbations, paving the way for innovative approaches to high-resolution spectroscopic analysis in low-dimensional materials.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143837236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}