Arthur Aquino, Artem Rubinstein, Igor Kudryavtsev, Alexander Yakovlev, Alexey Golovkin
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Extracellular vesicles as the drug delivery vehicle for gene-based therapy
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound nanoparticles naturally secreted by cells, playing a vital role in intercellular communication and holding significant promise as therapeutic agents. These natural carriers deliver various molecules into cells, including proteins and nucleic acids. There are numerous methods to load and modify EVs, encompassing physical, chemical, and biological approaches. EVs demonstrate the capacity to target specific cells within organs, even requiring blood–tissue transition. The protein corona significantly influences EV availability and cargo delivery, with biomolecules residing both within and conjugated to the EV membrane. Furthermore, embedding EVs within biomaterials such as hydrogels, scaffolds, and nanofibers can enhance their stability, targeting specificity, and therapeutic potential. By addressing cargo loading and cell/tissue-specific targeting, EVs offer a novel therapeutic strategy for various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, EVs show promise as vaccination tools, delivering messenger RNA and proteins of various pathogens. Advances in EV biology and engineering would provide improved strategies for vesicle targeting, enhanced cargo loading, and safe and effective delivery. The convergence of technological advancements, interdisciplinary collaboration, and an enhanced understanding of EVs promises to revolutionize therapeutic approaches to a wide range of diseases, establishing EV-based treatments as a cornerstone of future medicine.
期刊介绍:
Applied Physics Reviews (APR) is a journal featuring articles on critical topics in experimental or theoretical research in applied physics and applications of physics to other scientific and engineering branches. The publication includes two main types of articles:
Original Research: These articles report on high-quality, novel research studies that are of significant interest to the applied physics community.
Reviews: Review articles in APR can either be authoritative and comprehensive assessments of established areas of applied physics or short, timely reviews of recent advances in established fields or emerging areas of applied physics.