Entropy最新文献 - Book学术

Error-Constrained Entropy-Minimizing Strategies for Multi-UAV Deception Against Networked Radars. 多无人机对网络雷达欺骗的误差约束熵最小化策略。

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.3390/e27060653

Honghui Ban, Jifei Pan, Zheng Wang, Rui Cui, Yuting Ming, Qiuxi Jiang

{"title":"Error-Constrained Entropy-Minimizing Strategies for Multi-UAV Deception Against Networked Radars.","authors":"Honghui Ban, Jifei Pan, Zheng Wang, Rui Cui, Yuting Ming, Qiuxi Jiang","doi":"10.3390/e27060653","DOIUrl":"10.3390/e27060653","url":null,"abstract":"In complex electromagnetic environments, spatial coupling uncertainties-position errors and timing jitter-increase false target information entropy, reducing strategy effectiveness and posing challenges for robust UAV swarm track deception. This paper proposes an error-constrained entropy-minimizing compensation framework to model radar/UAV errors and their spatial coupling. The framework establishes closed-form gate association conditions based on the principle of entropy minimization, ensuring mutual consistency of false target measurements across multiple radars. Two strategies are proposed to reduce false target information entropy: 1. Zonal track compensation forms dense \"information entropy bands\" around each preset false target by inserting auxiliary deception echoes, enhancing mutual information concentration in the measurement space; 2. Formation jamming compensation adaptively reshapes the UAV swarm into regular polygons, leveraging geometric symmetry to suppress spatial diffusion of position errors. Simulation results show that compared with traditional methods, the proposed approach reduces the spatial inconsistency entropy by 50%, improving false target consistency and radar deception reliability.","PeriodicalId":11694,"journal":{"name":"Entropy","volume":"27 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12191648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144495269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why Is the Universe Not Frozen by the Quantum Zeno Effect? 为什么宇宙没有被量子芝诺效应冻结？

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.3390/e27060652

Antoine Soulas

引用次数: 0

Analysis of Outage Probability and Average Bit Error Rate of Parallel-UAV-Based Free-Space Optical Communications. 基于并行无人机的自由空间光通信中断概率和平均误码率分析。

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.3390/e27060650

Sheng-Hong Lin, Jin-Yuan Wang, Xinyi Hua

{"title":"Analysis of Outage Probability and Average Bit Error Rate of Parallel-UAV-Based Free-Space Optical Communications.","authors":"Sheng-Hong Lin, Jin-Yuan Wang, Xinyi Hua","doi":"10.3390/e27060650","DOIUrl":"10.3390/e27060650","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, free-space optical (FSO) communication systems utilizing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relays have garnered significant attention. Integrating UAV relays into FSO communication and employing cooperative diversity techniques not only fulfill the need for long-distance transmission but also enable flexible adjustments of relay positions based on the actual environment. This paper investigates the performance of a parallel-UAV-relay-based FSO communication system. In the considered system, the channel fadings include atmospheric loss, atmospheric turbulence, pointing errors, and angle-of-arrival fluctuation. Using the established channel model, we derive a tractable expression for the probability density function of the total channel gain. Then, we derive closed-form expressions of the system outage probability (OP) and average bit error rate (ABER). Moreover, we also derive the asymptotic OP and ABER for a high-optical-intensity regime. Our numerical results validate the accuracy of the derived theoretical expressions. Additionally, the effects of the number of relay nodes, the field of view, the direction deviation, the signal-to-noise ratio threshold, the atmospheric turbulence intensity, the transmit power, and the transmission distance on the system's performance are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":11694,"journal":{"name":"Entropy","volume":"27 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12191554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144495248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Combining Statistical Evidence When Evidence Is Measured by Relative Belief. 当证据是由相对信念测量时，结合统计证据。

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.3390/e27060654

Michael Evans

引用次数: 0

Extended Blahut-Arimoto Algorithm for Semantic Rate-Distortion Function. 语义率失真函数的扩展Blahut-Arimoto算法。

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.3390/e27060651

Yuxin Han, Yang Liu, Yaping Sun, Kai Niu, Nan Ma, Shuguang Cui, Ping Zhang

{"title":"Extended Blahut-Arimoto Algorithm for Semantic Rate-Distortion Function.","authors":"Yuxin Han, Yang Liu, Yaping Sun, Kai Niu, Nan Ma, Shuguang Cui, Ping Zhang","doi":"10.3390/e27060651","DOIUrl":"10.3390/e27060651","url":null,"abstract":"Semantic communication has recently gained significant attention in theoretical analysis due to its potential to improve communication efficiency by focusing on meaning rather than exact signal reconstruction. In this paper, we extend the Blahut-Arimoto (BA) algorithm, a fundamental method in classical information theory (CIT) for computing the rate-distortion (RD) function, to semantic communication by proposing the extended Blahut-Arimoto (EBA) algorithm, which iteratively updates transition and reconstruction distributions to calculate the semantic RD function based on synonymous mapping in semantic information theory (SIT). To address scenarios where synonymous mappings are unknown, we develop an optimization framework that combines the EBA algorithm with simulated annealing. Initialized with a syntactic mapping, the framework progressively merges syntactic symbols and identifies the mapping with a maximum synonymous number that satisfies objective constraints. Furthermore, by considering the semantic knowledge base (SKB) as a specific instance of synonymous mapping, the EBA algorithm provides a theoretical approach for analyzing and predicting the SKB size. Numerical results validate the effectiveness of the EBA algorithm. For Gaussian sources, the semantic RD function decreases with an increasing synonymous number and becomes significantly lower than its classical counterpart. Additionally, analysis on the CUB dataset demonstrates that larger SKB sizes lead to higher semantic communication compression efficiency.","PeriodicalId":11694,"journal":{"name":"Entropy","volume":"27 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12192163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144495272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Attention-Based Batch Normalization for Binary Neural Networks. 基于注意力的二值神经网络批处理归一化。

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.3390/e27060645

Shan Gu, Guoyin Zhang, Chengwei Jia, Yanxia Wu

{"title":"Attention-Based Batch Normalization for Binary Neural Networks.","authors":"Shan Gu, Guoyin Zhang, Chengwei Jia, Yanxia Wu","doi":"10.3390/e27060645","DOIUrl":"10.3390/e27060645","url":null,"abstract":"Batch normalization (BN) is crucial for achieving state-of-the-art binary neural networks (BNNs). Unlike full-precision neural networks, BNNs restrict activations to discrete values {-1,1}, which requires a renewed understanding and research of the role and significance of the BN layers in BNNs. Many studies notice this phenomenon and try to explain it. Inspired by these studies, we introduce the self-attention mechanism into BN and propose a novel Attention-Based Batch Normalization (ABN) for Binary Neural Networks. Also, we present an ablation study of parameter trade-offs in ABN, as well as an experimental analysis of the effect of ABN on BNNs. Experimental analyses show that our ABN method helps to capture image features, provide additional activation-like functions, and increase the imbalance of the activation distribution, and these features help to improve the performance of BNNs. Furthermore, we conduct image classification experiments over the CIFAR10, CIFAR100, and TinyImageNet datasets using BinaryNet and ResNet-18 network structures. The experimental results demonstrate that our ABN consistently outperforms the baseline BN across various benchmark datasets and models in terms of image classification accuracy. In addition, ABN exhibits less variance on the CIFAR datasets, which suggests that ABN can improve the stability and reliability of models.","PeriodicalId":11694,"journal":{"name":"Entropy","volume":"27 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12192098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144495252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synchronizations in Complex Systems Dynamics Through a Multifractal Procedure. 多重分形过程在复杂系统动力学中的同步。

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.3390/e27060647

Vlad Ghizdovat, Diana Carmen Mirila, Florin Nedeff, Dragos Ioan Rusu, Oana Rusu, Maricel Agop, Decebal Vasincu

引用次数: 0

Exploring Numerical Correlations: Models and Thermodynamic Kappa. 探索数值相关性：模型和热力学Kappa。

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.3390/e27060646

Nicholas V Sarlis, David J McComas, George Livadiotis

{"title":"Exploring Numerical Correlations: Models and Thermodynamic Kappa.","authors":"Nicholas V Sarlis, David J McComas, George Livadiotis","doi":"10.3390/e27060646","DOIUrl":"10.3390/e27060646","url":null,"abstract":"McComas et al. (2025) introduced a numerical experiment, where ordinary uncorrelated collisions between collision pairs are followed by other, controlled (correlated) collisions, shedding light on the emergence of kappa distributions through particle correlations in space plasmas. We extend this experiment by introducing correlations indicating that (i) when long-range correlations are interwoven with collision pairs, the resulting thermodynamic kappa are described as that corresponding to an 'interatomic' potential interaction among particles; (ii) searching for a closer description of heliospheric plasmas, we found that pairwise short-range correlations are sufficient to lead to appropriate values of thermodynamic kappa, especially when forming correlated clusters; (iii) multi-particle correlations do not lead to physical stationary states; finally, (iv) an optimal model arises when combining all previous findings. In an excellent match with space plasmas observations, the thermodynamic kappa that describes the stationary state at which the system is stabilized behaves as follows: (a) When correlations are turned off, kappa is turning toward infinity, indicating the state of classical thermal equilibrium (Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution), (b) When collisions are turned off, kappa is turning toward the anti-equilibrium state, the furthest state from the classical thermal equilibrium (-5 power-law phase-space distribution), and (c) the finite kappa values are generally determined by the competing factor of collisions and correlations.","PeriodicalId":11694,"journal":{"name":"Entropy","volume":"27 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12191533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144495271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lipschitz-Nonlinear Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Adaptive Distributed Time-Varying Formation-Tracking Control with Jointly Connected Topology. 具有联合连接拓扑的非线性异构多智能体自适应分布式时变编队跟踪控制。

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.3390/e27060648

Ling Zhu, Yuyi Huang, Yandong Li, Hui Cai, Wei Zhao, Xu Liu, Yuan Guo

{"title":"Lipschitz-Nonlinear Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Adaptive Distributed Time-Varying Formation-Tracking Control with Jointly Connected Topology.","authors":"Ling Zhu, Yuyi Huang, Yandong Li, Hui Cai, Wei Zhao, Xu Liu, Yuan Guo","doi":"10.3390/e27060648","DOIUrl":"10.3390/e27060648","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the problem of time-varying formation-tracking control for a class of nonlinear multi-agent systems. A distributed adaptive controller that avoids the global non-zero minimum eigenvalue is designed for heterogeneous systems in which leaders and followers contain different nonlinear terms, and which relies only on the relative errors between adjacent agents. By adopting the Riccati inequality method, the adaptive adjustment factor in the controller is designed to solve the problem of automatically adjusting relative errors based solely on local information. Unlike existing research on time-varying formations with fixed and switching topologies, the method of jointly connected topological graphs is adopted to enable nonlinear followers to track the trajectories of leaders with different nonlinear terms and simultaneously achieve the control objective of the desired time-varying formation. The stability of the system under the jointly connected graph is proved by the Lyapunov stability proof method. Finally, numerical simulation experiments confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control method.","PeriodicalId":11694,"journal":{"name":"Entropy","volume":"27 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12192558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144495202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Finite-Time Thermodynamics: Problems, Approaches, and Results. 有限时间热力学：问题、方法和结果。

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.3390/e27060649

Anatoly M Tsirlin, Alexander I Balunov, Ivan A Sukin

引用次数: 0