Exploring Numerical Correlations: Models and Thermodynamic Kappa.

IF 2.1 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Entropy Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI:10.3390/e27060646
Nicholas V Sarlis, David J McComas, George Livadiotis
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Abstract

McComas et al. (2025) introduced a numerical experiment, where ordinary uncorrelated collisions between collision pairs are followed by other, controlled (correlated) collisions, shedding light on the emergence of kappa distributions through particle correlations in space plasmas. We extend this experiment by introducing correlations indicating that (i) when long-range correlations are interwoven with collision pairs, the resulting thermodynamic kappa are described as that corresponding to an 'interatomic' potential interaction among particles; (ii) searching for a closer description of heliospheric plasmas, we found that pairwise short-range correlations are sufficient to lead to appropriate values of thermodynamic kappa, especially when forming correlated clusters; (iii) multi-particle correlations do not lead to physical stationary states; finally, (iv) an optimal model arises when combining all previous findings. In an excellent match with space plasmas observations, the thermodynamic kappa that describes the stationary state at which the system is stabilized behaves as follows: (a) When correlations are turned off, kappa is turning toward infinity, indicating the state of classical thermal equilibrium (Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution), (b) When collisions are turned off, kappa is turning toward the anti-equilibrium state, the furthest state from the classical thermal equilibrium (-5 power-law phase-space distribution), and (c) the finite kappa values are generally determined by the competing factor of collisions and correlations.

探索数值相关性:模型和热力学Kappa。
McComas等人(2025)引入了一个数值实验,其中碰撞对之间的普通不相关碰撞之后是其他受控(相关)碰撞,通过空间等离子体中的粒子相关性揭示了kappa分布的出现。我们通过引入关联来扩展这个实验,表明(i)当远程关联与碰撞对交织在一起时,产生的热力学kappa被描述为对应于粒子之间的“原子间”潜在相互作用;(ii)寻找对日球等离子体更接近的描述,我们发现两两短程相关足以得到合适的热力学kappa值,特别是在形成相关星团时;(iii)多粒子关联不会导致物理稳态;最后,(iv)结合所有先前的发现,产生一个最优模型。与空间等离子体观测结果非常吻合的是,描述系统稳定的稳态的热力学kappa表现如下:(a)关闭关联时,kappa趋于无穷大,表示经典热平衡状态(麦克斯韦-玻尔兹曼分布);(b)关闭碰撞时,kappa趋于反平衡状态,这是距离经典热平衡最遥远的状态(-5幂律相空间分布);(c)有限kappa值通常由碰撞和关联的竞争因素决定。
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来源期刊
Entropy
Entropy PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
4.90
自引率
11.10%
发文量
1580
审稿时长
21.05 days
期刊介绍: Entropy (ISSN 1099-4300), an international and interdisciplinary journal of entropy and information studies, publishes reviews, regular research papers and short notes. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish as much as possible their theoretical and experimental details. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. If there are computation and the experiment, the details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.
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