{"title":"Superchiral Fields in Nanophotonics","authors":"Hamdi Barkaoui, Shumin Xiao, Qinghai Song","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202500260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202500260","url":null,"abstract":"Chirality represents the asymmetry of an object or system and is fundamental and ubiquitous in chemistry. Chiral molecules with stereoisomers, such as enantiomers, often exhibit distinct or even opposite biological activities. A critical step in drug development is the rapid and accurate differentiation of enantiomers. Due to its inherent chirality, circularly polarized light (CPL) is used commercially for chiral sensing and detection. Despite the progress, the weak interactions between CPL and chiral molecules make detection equipment extremely bulky and expensive. The construction of superchiral fields in nanophotonic devices can greatly enhance the interaction between chiral light and matter, offering the possibility of detecting chirality in a compact manner. Consequently, superchiral field has been intensively explored in the past decade. This review systematically summarizes the origin and developments of superchiral fields in different plasmonic and dielectric nanostructures, ranging from single nanoparticles to metamolecules and metasurfaces. A novel phenomenon of chiral mode splitting, resulting from enhanced chiral light–matter interaction, is elucidated and discussed as well.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrated Waveguide Bridge Balanced Photodetector with High Common‐Mode Rejection Ratio for FMCW LiDAR","authors":"Xuetong Li, Baisong Chen, Huan Qu, Xianqi Pang, Ziming Wang, Yingzhi Li, Zihao Zhi, Heming Hu, Jie Li, Weipeng Wang, Xiaolong Hu, Xueyan Li, Qijie Xie, Quanxin Na, Guoqiang Lo, Junfeng Song","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202402233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202402233","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, light detecting and ranging (LiDAR) technology has gained significant attention due to its wide‐ranging applications, particularly in 3D terrain mapping, atmospheric measurement, and autonomous driving. Most commercially available LiDAR systems employ mechanical beam steering, which presents limitations such as slower scanning speeds, lower reliability, and larger device size. In contrast, solid‐state LiDAR is emerging as a viable alternative, offering enhanced performance and integration potential. Among the various techniques, frequency‐modulated continuous wave (FMCW) LiDAR stands out, especially for its suitability in velocity measurements and its compatibility with silicon‐based integration. This work introduces a new bridge‐balanced photodetector (Bridge‐BPD) for enhanced performance in FMCW LiDAR systems. By integrating optical couplers and Germanium‐Silicon photodetectors (Ge/Si PDs), this BPD improves the common‐mode rejection ratio (CMRR) by up to 12.8 dB compared to traditional methods, achieving 45.8 dB at a wavelength of 1550 nm. With FMCW LiDAR systems, high detection sensitivity is demonstrated and a detection probability of 90% at −98 dBm. This novel BPD offers results comparable to commercial InP‐based detectors, paving the way for further optoelectronic integration in LiDAR applications.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"241 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Panyi Xi, Feng Wang, Shengdan Xie, Pengpeng Wang, Shaodong Zhang, Xichong Ye, Goran Ungar, Feng Liu
{"title":"Fully Tunable Circularly Polarized Light from Achiral Soft Plasmonic Multilayers","authors":"Panyi Xi, Feng Wang, Shengdan Xie, Pengpeng Wang, Shaodong Zhang, Xichong Ye, Goran Ungar, Feng Liu","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202501294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202501294","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving efficient and comprehensive control over all parameters of circularly polarized light (CPL) remains a significant challenge in advanced optical applications, including information encryption, optical communication, quantum computing, etc. Conventional CPL materials typically combine luminescence and chirality in a single component for direct CPL emission or rely on intrinsically chiral components to optically filter unpolarized light. However, these strategies limit design flexibility and hinder efficient tunability. This study addresses these limitations by introducing a structurally decoupled approach to CPL production. The proposed multilayer composite system, composed entirely of achiral components, decouples chirality from luminescence and intrinsic structural elements. Specifically, achiral fluorescent films are integrated with twist‐stacked plasmonic polymer nanocomposite layers, achieving a high dissymmetry factor of 0.3 in the visible region. This innovative design allows independent control over CPL parameters, including wavelength, ellipticity, and handedness, through mechanical rotation or deformation. The decoupled architecture significantly enhances the material's design flexibility, scalability, and environmental stability. Furthermore, the resulting dynamic CPL material demonstrates practical applications in multi‐level, high‐capacity information encryption, offering promising prospects for advanced optical technologies.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"3D Light‐Field Reconstruction with Single Shot Based on Radially Self‐Accelerating Beams","authors":"Chenglin Xing, Xin Tong, Shuxi Liu, Pengfei Xu, Daomu Zhao","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202500362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202500362","url":null,"abstract":"Reconstructing 3D light fields from holograms mainly relies on iterative algorithms and deep learning. However, these strategies are often limited by time‐consuming and complex operations. Radially self‐accelerating beams exhibit distinct rotational characteristics during propagation, making them well‐suited for various optical systems. This paper presents an innovative approach that combines the radially self‐accelerating beams with orbital angular momentum (OAM) holography and 3D point cloud technology to enable fast and accurate 3D light‐field reconstruction from a single‐shot image. In experiments, the beams are independently convolved onto the point cloud, allowing each point to rotate around the optical axis during propagation. A light neural network is designed to deduce the relative heights of all points based on rotation properties and to reconstruct the 3D light field in 0.7 s with an accuracy of over 93%. It is anticipated that this work will provide new opportunities in the fields of 3D object measurement, real‐time particle tracking, and the innovative application of OAM holographic multiplexing.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"241 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huikang Jiang, Xuemei Shi, Lihua Gao, Guangsai Yang, Guang Peng, Ning Ye, Jindong Chen
{"title":"Cd7I12Q·As4Qn (Q = S, Se; n = 3, 4): In Situ Alteration of Functional Molecules in Polar Metal Inorganic Framework Tailoring High‐Performance Infrared Nonlinear Optical Crystals","authors":"Huikang Jiang, Xuemei Shi, Lihua Gao, Guangsai Yang, Guang Peng, Ning Ye, Jindong Chen","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202501147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202501147","url":null,"abstract":"Exploring new functional motifs is vital for the design of high‐performance infrared (IR) nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals. Asymmetric As<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>Q<jats:sub>n</jats:sub> (Q = S, Se; n = 3, 4) inorganic molecules are excellent IR NLO motifs, but the synthesis and design of related NLO crystals remain substantial challenges. Herein, an in situ functional molecule altering strategy is proposed to design As<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>Q<jats:sub>n</jats:sub>‐based IR NLO crystals with precisely tunable optical and NLO properties, and report the first synthesis of non‐centrosymmetric As<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>Q<jats:sub>n</jats:sub>‐based inorganic adducts: Cd<jats:sub>7</jats:sub>I<jats:sub>12</jats:sub>Q·As<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>Q<jats:sub>n</jats:sub> (Q = S, Se; n = 3, 4) harnessing soft solid‐state reactions. With the alteration of As<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>Q<jats:sub>n</jats:sub> functional molecules in identical Cd<jats:sub>7</jats:sub>I<jats:sub>12</jats:sub>Q polar metal inorganic framework, the NLO performance, birefringence and infrared transparency range of adducts can be tuned. Remarkably, Cd<jats:sub>7</jats:sub>I<jats:sub>12</jats:sub>Se·As<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>Se<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> exhibits balanced comprehensive optical performances including a SHG effect of 1.3 × AgGaS<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, a LDT of 11.2 × AgGaS<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, an optical bandgap of 2.46 eV, birefringence of 0.045@2050nm/0.051@546nm and IR transparency range of 0.50–17.8 µm. The structure‐property relations analysis reveals that the macroscopic optical properties are dominated by the cavity‐filling molecular groups with varying polarizability and vibration frequency, which supports the tailoring effect of the functional molecular groups. This research expands IR NLO motifs and also establishes a protocol for construction of crystalline materials with tunable optical properties.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"607 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrated Flat‐Top Beam Shaper Using Subwavelength Engineered Critical Guiding","authors":"Liang Zhang, Hongnan Xu, Gaolei Hu, Hon Ki Tsang","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202500918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202500918","url":null,"abstract":"Flat‐top optical beams with uniform intensity profiles have potential for applications in microscopy, laser machining, and laser welding. Previously reported methods for flat‐top beam shaping rely on free‐space optics or fiber‐based systems, which are bulky and sensitive to vibrations or misalignment. In contrast, the use of optical waveguides can offer a more compact and robust approach to flat‐top beam shaping. In this work, a novel design of an integrated flat‐top beam shaper (FTBS) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated, wherein subwavelength gratings (SWGs) are utilized to realize the critical guiding of light. The SWGs are employed to engineer the index profile of a triple‐segment waveguide structure to access the critical point. The fabricated FTBSs can generate flat‐top beams with small intensity variations of 0.066 and 0.084 over 10 and 20 µm beam dimensions, within compact device lengths of 100 and 200 µm, respectively. A 1 × 6 power splitter is then realized using the proposed FTBS, demonstrating a loss of 0.7 dB and power uniformity of 0.6 dB at the operating wavelength.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144328509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huilin Zhang, Chunjiao Wang, Yuexing Xia, Lan Zhang, Qianqian Guo, Maowen Ge, Weijie Zhao, Xinfeng Liu, Tao Wang, Wei Du
{"title":"Room‐Temperature Remote Optical Probing of Interlayer Exciton Transport in Van Der Waals Heterostructures","authors":"Huilin Zhang, Chunjiao Wang, Yuexing Xia, Lan Zhang, Qianqian Guo, Maowen Ge, Weijie Zhao, Xinfeng Liu, Tao Wang, Wei Du","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202500424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202500424","url":null,"abstract":"Interlayer excitons in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) heterostructures feature long lifetime and superior transport properties, yet their room‐temperature optical tracking remains challenging due to weak emission. Here, remote optical probing of interlayer exciton transport in a TMD heterostructure at room temperature is demonstrated. Optically generated interlayer excitons diffuse through the heterostructure and dissociate at boundaries, where liberated carriers further migrate into monolayers and recombine with native charges to give bright intralayer emission. With the intralayer emission as a remote optical probe, unique properties of interlayer exciton transport are observed including the characteristic decay length of ≈4.5 µm, the power‐dependent phase transition between exciton gas and electron‐hole plasma, the thermally activated transport enhancement, and the fast diffusivity of ≈2100 cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. The research offers a new route for the study of interlayer exciton transport with enhanced visibility, which paves the way for room‐temperature exciton transistors and circuits.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Topology Engineering of Red Perovskite Quantum Dots Glasses: A Path to Display with Rec.2020 Standard","authors":"Shaojun Wang, Shuxin Chen, Tao Pang, Enhao Cao, Zhehong Zhou, Sifan Zhuo, Lingwei Zeng, Jidong Lin, Daqin Chen","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202500550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202500550","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) glasses with super stability and excellent optical properties have become one of the hot candidates as color-converting materials for wide-color-gamut displays. However, it is a great challenge to simultaneously tune luminescent wavelength and photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY) for red-emitting halogen-mixed CsPb(Br/I)<sub>3</sub> in inorganic glass matrix to completely fulfill Rec.2020 display standard. Herein, topology engineering of borosilicate glass network via controlling B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> content is demonstrated to be an effective strategy to address the issue for the first time. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, structural and spectroscopic characterizations evidence that appropriate B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> content enables the transition of glass network structure from 3D to 2D, which promotes I<sup>−</sup> diffusion and in situ growth of high-quality CsPb(Br/I)<sub>3</sub> PeQDs in glass. As a result, the as-prepared CsPb(Br/I)<sub>3</sub>@glass shows a record PLQY up to 91% with an ideal emitting wavelength of 645 nm and provides excellent visual effects for the constructed PeQDs-converted backlit display. This finding fills a gap in wavelength and efficiency modulation for halogen-mixed PeQDs glasses and paves the way to implement the Rec.2020 display standard.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Solution Strategy for High Gain Glass Fiber and MHz Mode‐Locked Laser","authors":"Yupeng Huang, Yi Han, Ziang Liu, Zhuoming Yu, Feiyang Chen, Jiapu Chen, Hongtao Li, Xu Feng, Xueliang Li, Zhixue He, Shifeng Zhou","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202500967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202500967","url":null,"abstract":"The advancement of Er‐activated fiber holds significant implications for applications in scientific and industrial domains such as optical fiber communication, precision measurement, and advanced manufacturing. It strongly relies on the performance of the Er‐doped active material, and a candidate with both high gain and robust mechanical properties is urgently required. Herein, a solution strategy for the development of heavily Er‐activated high‐gain silicate fiber and laser devices is proposed. Theoretical and experimental studies reveal that the incorporation of the inert rare‐earth ions provides a unique environment for the dispersion of Er<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> ions, thus greatly enhancing their radiative transition efficiency. In addition, a heavily Er‐activated silicate glass fiber (ESGF) hybridized with inert rare‐earth is designed and fabricated. It possesses excellent gain response with a net gain coefficient of ≈2.12 dB cm<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, which is the highest gain coefficient among the Er‐activated silicate fiber ever reported. Furthermore, utilizing a 3.8‐cm‐long ESGF, an all‐fiber‐integrated passively mode‐locked fiber laser device is successfully constructed, with a fundamental frequency repetition rate of 73 MHz and a spectral bandwidth of 12.46 nm. These findings are believed to bring new strategies for the exploration of advanced rare‐earth glass fiber materials and devices.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144328516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Topological Vortex Transition Induced by Spin Hall Effect of Light for Tunable Humidity Sensing and Imaging","authors":"Yeseul Kim, Peng Tang, Chunghwan Jung, Jaekyung Kim, Jihae Lee, Xiaotong Li, Harit Keawmuang, Shiqi Hu, Guoqiang Li, Trevon Badloe, Junsuk Rho","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202500581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202500581","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic switching between edge detection and bright‐field imaging modes is advantageous in optical imaging, particularly for biomedical diagnostics and material characterization. However, conventional approaches necessitate complex setups or intricate fabrication processes, limiting their practicality. This study demonstrates a humidity‐responsive optical imaging system, enabling reversible and tunable transitions between edge‐enhanced and Gaussian‐like bright‐field imaging modes by leveraging humidity‐induced variations in the spin Hall effect of light. Utilizing polyvinyl alcohol films that exhibit reversible humidity‐dependent changes in thickness and refractive index, the Fresnel reflection coefficients ( and ) are effectively modulated, leading to asymmetric spin‐dependent beam splitting in both x‐ and y‐directions. These humidity‐driven variations disrupt the initial symmetric vortex conditions, namely that the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane shifts induced by the spin Hall effect of light are equal, transforming the topological vortex beam into a quasi‐Gaussian distribution. Consequently, the imaging performance shifts from edge‐enhanced mode to quasibright‐field mode as the relative humidity increases. Experimental validation using customized resolution targets and biological tissue samples (planaria and small intestine) demonstrates reliable and reproducible imaging mode switching without requiring mechanical adjustments or complex fabrication. Thus, the proposed system offers improved simplicity, operational convenience, and cost‐effectiveness compared to existing methods (e.g., metasurface‐based techniques), underscoring the potential of humidity‐tunable spin Hall effect of light‐based polymer optics for practical and versatile imaging applications.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144328514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}