{"title":"Self‐Tunable Metasurface Photoelectric Hybrid Neural Network","authors":"Mengguang Wang, Jiayi Wang, Changwei Zhang, Qiangbo Zhang, Yiyang Liu, Huai Xia, Bingliang Chen, Zeqing Yu, Chang Wang, Ziwei Zhou, Jun Xia, Zhenrong Zheng","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202502006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202502006","url":null,"abstract":"Metasurfaces have emerged as a transformative component in optical neural networks, enabling subwavelength‐scale light manipulation for optical computing architectures. However, their fixed parameters fundamentally limit the ability of task‐adaptive training. A self‐tunable metasurface photoelectric hybrid neural network (SMPNN) is reported. In this framework, the self‐tunable metasurface consists of a liquid crystal spatial light modulator with a phase‐only modulated metasurface, combining a digital back end and an amplitude feedback neural network (AFNN) to achieve end‐to‐end online training. The loss gradient computed from the output prediction error is backpropagated through the digital network to the optical frontend, where it guides the adjustment of liquid crystal‐driven amplitude modulation in real time. SMPNN for object classification, achieving an accuracy of 99.2% for handwritten digits and 93.7% for fashion images, results that are largely comparable to those of traditional digital neural networks is used. This co‐design paradigm unifies static metasurfaces with adaptive photonic learning, enabling scalable reconfigurable optical computing and machine vision.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intelligent Configuration of Integrated Microwave Photonic Filter Featuring Self‐Stabilization and Programmable Response","authors":"Yutong Shi, Yuan Yu, Yifan Liu, Kaixiang Cao, Mengmeng Deng, Fangzheng Zhang, Hailong Zhou, Xinliang Zhang","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202501962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202501962","url":null,"abstract":"Integrated microwave photonic filters (IMPFs) emerge as promising candidates for advanced microwave systems owing to their distinctive combination of wide operational bandwidth, flexibility, and compact size. Nevertheless, the complex and time‐consuming manual manipulation of IMPFs remains a significant impediment to their widespread applications. Here, to the best of the knowledge, the first intelligent configuration of IMPF is experimentally demonstrated, featuring wideband center frequency tunability, flexible bandwidth reconfigurability, self‐stabilization, and excellent channel equalization simultaneously. The configuration is enabled by our proposed universal hybrid collaboration strategy, which fully unleashes the hardware potential of the optical device, thus enabling comprehensive synergy of multiple properties. Results show that the center frequency of IMPF is tuned from 2 to 48 GHz, covering microwave S band to Ka band, and the bandwidth is reconfigured from 0.66 to 4.15 GHz, with a rejection ratio of up to 37.67 dB. The roll‐off rate and shape factor reach as high as 17.50 dB GHz<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> and 0.78, respectively. Meanwhile, the maximum center frequency drift of IMPF over 3 h is reduced from 11.950 to 0.051 GHz even without a thermo‐electric cooler, indicating that the center frequency stability is enhanced by 234 times. The passband shape of the IMPF is dynamically adjusted to equalize frequency‐dependent fading, achieving up to 2.42 dB of intra‐channel fading compensation. This work highlights the potential of IMPFs based on intelligent configuration, unlocking new avenues for practical applications of microwave photonic signal processing.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hu Wang, Yuexiao Pan, Hongzhou Lian, Jun Lin, Liyi Li
{"title":"Mechanistic Insights Into Anti‐Kasha, Persistent, and Self‐Trapped Emission in (C6H16N2)2InCl7:Sb3+ Hybrids for Multi‐Level Anti‐Counterfeiting Application","authors":"Hu Wang, Yuexiao Pan, Hongzhou Lian, Jun Lin, Liyi Li","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202502137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202502137","url":null,"abstract":"The escalating prevalence of counterfeit products has fueled the urgent demand for advanced anti‐counterfeiting materials with multi‐dimensional security features. In this study, the design and synthesis of a novel class of organic‐inorganic hybrid metal halides (OIHMHs), specifically (C<jats:sub>6</jats:sub>H<jats:sub>16</jats:sub>N<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>)<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>InCl<jats:sub>7</jats:sub> (CIC) and its Sb<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup>‐doped derivatives are presented. These materials uniquely integrate anti‐Kasha emission, persistent luminescence, and self‐trapped excitons (STEs) emission. The CIC material exhibits blue and cyan emissions under varying UV excitations, accompanied by a 3‐s cyan persistent luminescence. Strategic doping of Sb<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> introduces yellow STEs emission, enabling color tuning from cyan to white and yellow. Advanced computational analyses, including density functional theory (DFT) and defect formation energy calculations, uncover the origins of these emissions. The anti‐Kasha behavior is attributed to π‐π* transitions of the organic cation, while the persistent luminescence arises from Cl vacancy (<jats:italic>V</jats:italic><jats:sub>Cl</jats:sub>) defects acting as energy storage traps. Leveraging these optical properties, a sophisticated binary coding system with six layers of anti‐counterfeiting security and CIC:5%Sb<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup>@SEBS composite film with outstanding spatial resolution have been developed. This work not only provides new research directions for prompt and delayed luminescence tuning in OIHMHs but also establishes a robust theoretical foundation for anti‐counterfeiting and information encryption fields.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ben Sun, Kun Huang, Zhibin Zhao, Beibei Dong, Jianan Fang, Heping Zeng
{"title":"Infrared Single‐Pixel Hyperspectral Imaging Via Spatial‐Temporal Multiplexing","authors":"Ben Sun, Kun Huang, Zhibin Zhao, Beibei Dong, Jianan Fang, Heping Zeng","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202501321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202501321","url":null,"abstract":"Near‐infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging is widely used to reveal morphological and chemical information. However, conventional spectral imagers usually rely on costly focal plane arrays and suffer from data redundancy and inefficiencies in spatial‐spectral data acquisition. Here, a single‐pixel NIR hyperspectral imaging system is devised and implemented based on high‐fidelity spectrum‐to‐time mapping and high‐precision spatial‐encoding compressive measurements. The system employs a single‐mode telecommunication fiber for temporal dispersion and a programmable spatial light modulator to impose structured spatial patterns, with all signals detected by a single InGaAs photodetector. By correlating temporally stretched waveforms with spatial encodings, a 64 64 spatially resolved hyperspectral datacubes spanning 50 spectral bands over the 1550–1600 nm range are reconstructed. Furthermore, real‐time monitoring of dynamic liquid injection is demonstrated at a datacube refreshing rate of 12 Hz under sub‐Nyquist sampling. The presented architecture features single‐pixel simplicity, high optical throughput, and efficient data acquisition, which would pave a novel way for NIR spectral imaging in biomedical diagnostics and material characterization.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nikolaos Xenidis, Joachim Oberhammer, Dmitry Lioubtchenko
{"title":"Terahertz All‐Dielectric Maxwell Fisheye Lens Waveguide Crossings via Transformation Optics","authors":"Nikolaos Xenidis, Joachim Oberhammer, Dmitry Lioubtchenko","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202501911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202501911","url":null,"abstract":"Terahertz waveguide crossings are critical for compact, integrated signal routing in monolithic platforms, but simple waveguide intersections suffer from high losses and crosstalk due to mode mismatch in the regions where the waveguide channels overlap. The Maxwell fisheye lens with its inherent imaging properties is an excellent solution for multichannel intersections, however, its circular shape is not easily integrated with common planar input/output waveguides. Here, all‐silicon waveguide crossings are introduced based on Maxwell fisheye lenses reshaped via conformal transformation optics for improved planar waveguide integration in the terahertz range. Using effective medium techniques with subwavelength air inclusions, and crossings operating over the 220–330 GHz frequency band are designed and fabricated. The transformed lenses enable aberration‐free imaging without mode mismatch, implemented through a single deep reactive ion etching step. Experimental characterization reveals average insertion loss of 1.2 dB and crosstalk below –50 dB for the fundamental quasi‐transverse electric (TE) mode, with a 40% bandwidth across the entire 220–330 GHz band, while the quasi‐transverse magnetic (TM) mode is also supported for dual‐polarization applications. The transformed lenses have a diameter of just 4 mm ( at 275 GHz), while the total device footprint including input and output tapers is . This approach is scalable to waveguide crossings, providing a broadband and compact solution for low‐loss terahertz integrated optics.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rapid High‐Dimensional State Tomography Enabled by Spatial Autocorrelation","authors":"Bo Zhao, Jia‐Yuan Wu, Xiang‐Yu Yu, Wen‐Qi Zhang, Xiao‐Bo Hu, Hui Liu, Zhi‐Han Zhu, Carmelo Rosales‐Guzmán","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202501902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202501902","url":null,"abstract":"High‐dimensional states encoded in the spatial degrees of freedom of structured light are central to modern optical applications, yet conventional projective tomography requires multi‐step measurements that severely limit efficiency, particularly for complex fields. Here, a fast high‐dimensional tomography technique based on spatial correlation is presented, which directly retrieves modal amplitudes from the central intensity of Fourier‐domain correlation patterns and enables single‐shot estimation of intermodal phases from the surrounding interference fringes. This correlation‐based approach eliminates the need for phase‐shifting interference and reduces the required number of measurements for an ‐dimensional state from to , a total reduction of . By exploiting the polarization insensitivity and kilohertz‐level modulation capability of digital micromirror devices (DMDs), rapid and accurate reconstruction of complex structured light composed of multiple LG modes is experimentally demonstrated. The method provides a scalable platform for high‐throughput optical field characterization with broad applications in optical metrology, high‐speed imaging, and the analysis of both quantum and classical states of light.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145306022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuqing Wang, Ying‐Li Ma, Yang Wang, Yining Meng, Chen‐Yang Zhang, Rui Wei, Shun‐Xin Li, Yongming Sui, Bo Zou
{"title":"Pressure‐Induced Performance Surge in Robust (API)PbBr4 Photodetectors for Extreme Environments","authors":"Yuqing Wang, Ying‐Li Ma, Yang Wang, Yining Meng, Chen‐Yang Zhang, Rui Wei, Shun‐Xin Li, Yongming Sui, Bo Zou","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202501941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202501941","url":null,"abstract":"As extreme high‐pressure environments are increasingly encountered in applications such as aerospace, deep‐Earth exploration, and deep‐sea imaging, the need for reliable photodetectors capable of operating under such conditions has become more critical. However, the performance of most optoelectronic devices deteriorates or even fails entirely when subjected to extreme high pressures. Here, a high‐pressure robust photodetector based on the 2D layered perovskite (API)PbBr<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> (where API: 3‐aminopropylimidazole) is reported. Benefiting from the unique structural evolution of (API)PbBr<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> under high pressure, the device demonstrates outstanding optoelectronic performance under 13.5 GPa, featuring a responsivity of up to 248.0 A W<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, a specific detectivity (D<jats:sup>*</jats:sup>) exceeding 2.2 × 10<jats:sup>12</jats:sup> Jones, and an external quantum efficiency (EQE) as high as 8.4 × 10⁴%. Compared to its performance under an initial pressure of 1.9 GPa, these performance improvements have been significantly achieved in terms of photocurrent, responsivity, and EQE by more than 2.5 times. More importantly, D<jats:sup>*</jats:sup> is enhanced by over five times. These findings offer valuable insights into reliable optoelectronic devices under extreme conditions.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mengqi Shen, Xiaoping Jiang, Shibiao Wei, Michael G. Somekh
{"title":"Phase‐Retrieved High‐Throughput Multi‐Channel Simultaneous Surface Plasmon Resonance Detection","authors":"Mengqi Shen, Xiaoping Jiang, Shibiao Wei, Michael G. Somekh","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202501627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202501627","url":null,"abstract":"Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) enables real‐time, label‐free detection of biomolecular interactions, but traditional intensity‐based methods suffer from limited sensitivity due to noise and environmental fluctuations. Phase‐sensitive SPR methods provide significant sensitivity and signal‐to‐noise ratio improvements by measuring phase variations in reflected light, however, current systems rely on relatively complex interferometry, making them prone to misalignment and environmental drift. Neural networks have been explored for phase retrieval and have shown some potential. However, they often require large datasets or lack generalization and precision. This work presents a framework for robust, alignment‐tolerant phase retrieved high‐sensitivity high‐throughput SPR sensing. By integrating an objective lens‐based coupling system with a rotation‐based ePIE (r‐ePIE) phase retrieval on the back focal planes, the method reduces beam distortion and significantly enhances spatial resolution over prism‐based setups. System aberration is accurately reconstructed and calibrated with the algorithm. Experiments demonstrate accurate recovery of complex phase patterns, including high‐order optical vortices, and thus enabling high‐precision multi‐point SPR sensing with minimal crosstalk. Reconstructed resonance shifts and sample thicknesses agree well with measured data. The state‐of‐the‐art throughput spacing of has been experimentally demonstrated, showing strong promise for sensitive, high‐throughput SPR sensing in biochemical and biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bilayer Triatomic Metasurface-Driven Minimalist Full-Channel Modulation of Jones Matrix","authors":"Chao Feng, Qing Zhong, Tao He, Zeyong Wei, Yuzhi Shi, Zhanshan Wang, Xinbin Cheng","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202501590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202501590","url":null,"abstract":"Full-channel modulation of the Jones matrix via metasurface has important applications in optical communications, data storage and encryption, but remains a significant challenge. Here, a bilayer triatomic metasurface architecture is proposed for realizing minimalist full-channel modulation of the Jones matrix. The meta-atom consists of three high-transmittance nanopillars, where two nanopillars in the same layer induce intra-layer light field interference, and the third nanopillar in the adjacent layer breaks the planar symmetry of the meta-atom. Nine physical degrees of freedom (DoFs), corresponding to the orthogonally polarized propagation phases and geometric phase of each nanopillar, are leveraged to realize full-channel modulation, which features, to the best of the knowledge, the fewest DoFs and demonstrates superior optical efficiency. Furthermore, four-channel photonic orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing and eight-channel image integration based on the proposed methodology are demonstrated. This work exhibits remarkable application potential in ultra-high-density information encoding and integration.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145289226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Subdiffraction-Limit Glass 3D Printing by Optical Force-Guided Polymerization With Two Continuous Wave Lasers","authors":"Chenliang Ding, Jisen Wen, Chun Cao, Liang Xu, Jianyong Wang, Zhenyao Yang, Dazhao Zhu, Shih-Chi Chen, Hongguang Cui, Cuifang Kuang","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202501471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202501471","url":null,"abstract":"The realization of free-form silica glass nanostructures with sub-200 nm resolution represents a critical capability for advanced photonics and precision optics. Current femtosecond laser-based approaches remain constrained by high costs, low throughput, and restricted fabrication areas. A novel nanoscale additive manufacturing technique employing continuous-wave laser excitation is presented in a thermally curable polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) photoresin, subsequently convertible to fused silica at 650 °C. The system utilizes synchronized coaxial laser beams to implement two distinct photochemical mechanisms: a two-color two-step absorption process for spatial confinement and optical force-guided polymerization (OFGP) for subdiffraction pattern refinement. This synergistic approach overcomes spatial resolution limitations imposed by the photopolymer's memory effect, achieving an exceptional feature size of 102 nm, surpassing the optical diffraction limit. Experimental validation demonstrates successful fabrication of high-fidelity curved surface architectures and programmable grayscale lithography with extended voxel modulation range. This dual-laser nanofabrication platform establishes a new paradigm for glass-based micro-optics production, combining nanoscale precision with industrial-scale throughput capabilities.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145289250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}