物理与天体物理最新文献

{"title":"Impact of eccentricity and mean anomaly in numerical relativity mergers","authors":"Peter James Nee, Aldo Gamboa, Harald P Pfeiffer, Lorenzo Pompili, Antoni Ramos-Buades, Vijay Varma, Michael Boyle, Alessandra Buonanno, Raffi Enficiaud, Lawrence E Kidder and Mark A Scheel","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/ade35d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ade35d","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate modelling of black hole (BH) binaries is critical to achieve the science goals of gravitational-wave detectors. Modelling such configurations relies strongly on calibration to numerical-relativity (NR) simulations. Binaries on quasi-circular orbits have been widely explored in NR, however, coverage of the broader nine-dimensional parameter space, including orbital eccentricity, remains sparse. This article develops a new procedure to control orbital eccentricity of binary BH (BBH) simulations that enables choosing initial data parameters with precise control over eccentricity and mean anomaly of the subsequent evolution, as well as the coalescence time. We then calculate several sequences of NR simulations that nearly uniformly cover the two-dimensional eccentricity–mean anomaly space for equal mass, non-spinning BBHs. We demonstrate that, for fixed eccentricity, many quantities related to the merger dynamics of BBHs show an oscillatory dependence on mean anomaly. The amplitude of these oscillations scales nearly linearly with the eccentricity of the system. We find that for the eccentricities explored in this work, the magnitude of deviations in various quantities such as the merger amplitude and peak luminosity can approach ∼5% of their quasi-circular value. We use our findings to explain eccentric phenomena reported in other studies. We also show that methods for estimating the remnant mass employed in the effective-one-body approach exhibit similar deviations, roughly matching the amplitude of the oscillations we find in NR simulations. This work is an important step towards a complete description of eccentric BBH mergers, and demonstrates the importance of considering the entire two-dimensional parameter subspace related to eccentricity.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global flow regimes of hot Jupiters","authors":"C. Akιn, K. Heng, J. M. Mendonça, R. Deitrick, L. Gkouvelis","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202453597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202453597","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Context<i/>. The atmospheric dynamics of hot and ultrahot Jupiters are influenced by the stellar irradiation they receive, which shapes their atmospheric circulation and the underlying wave structures.<i>Aims<i/>. We aim to investigate how variations in radiative and dynamical timescales influence global flow regimes, atmospheric circulation efficiency, and the interplay of wave structures across a curated sample of hot Jupiters. In particular, we explore a previously predicted transition in the global flow regime, where enhanced stellar irradiation suppresses the smaller-scale wave and eddy features that feed into superrotating jets and ultimately leads to simpler, day-to-night dominated flows.<i>Methods<i/>. We simulated a suite of eight well-studied hot Jupiters with the THOR general circulation model, spanning equilibrium temperatures from about 1100 K to 2400 K. We developed a wavelet-based analysis method to decompose simulated wind fields into their underlying wave modes, which we validated on analytical examples. As a preliminary exploration of the flow regime of ultrahot Jupiters, we performed an additional simulation for WASP-121b, where the mean molecular weight was set to represent an atmosphere dominated by atomic hydrogen.<i>Results<i/>. Our results confirm that increasing stellar irradiation diminishes the efficiency of atmospheric heat redistribution and weakens the contribution of smaller-scale eddy modes critical for sustaining superrotation. As equilibrium temperatures rise, large-scale modes dominate the atmospheric circulation, driving a transition from jet-dominated flows toward day-to-night circulation. Additionally, by artificially lowering the mean molecular weight, we partially restore circulation efficiency and reintroduce a more complex, multiscale flow pattern. These findings refine our understanding of how atmospheric circulation evolves with increasing irradiation and composition changes, offering a more nuanced framework for interpreting hot and ultrahot Jupiter atmospheres.","PeriodicalId":8571,"journal":{"name":"Astronomy & Astrophysics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144547630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infrared and visible image fusion based on spatial correlation attention","authors":"Kewei Liu ,&nbsp;Dongliang Peng ,&nbsp;Tao Li ,&nbsp;Yu Gu ,&nbsp;Huajie Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infrared.2025.105985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infrared and visible image fusion plays a crucial role in enhancing scene understanding and improving the detection performance of infrared imaging systems. One major challenge in image fusion is the loss of fine-grained details from the source images during the fusion process. To tackle this issue, we introduce IVFSCA—an image fusion method based on spatially correlated attention. Specifically, we design a spatial correlation attention mechanism to preserve spatial dependencies during feature extraction and fusion. This helps reduce the loss of fine-grained information. We further develop a multi-source feature fusion network with a cross-residual structure that effectively integrates multi-scale features from infrared and visible images, producing high-quality and robust fusion representations. A structurally symmetric encoder–decoder architecture is also adopted to improve the robustness of feature extraction and image reconstruction. Extensive experiments on public benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed IVFSCA achieves competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art fusion methods in both visual quality and quantitative metrics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13549,"journal":{"name":"Infrared Physics & Technology","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 105985"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144556670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-performance room temperature InP/InGaAs single-photon detector made by a single diffusion process","authors":"Haifeng Ye, Wei Wang, Hongxia Zhu, Chen Liu, Rong Bai, Jiaxin Zhang, Runyu Huang, Weilin Zhao, Yanli Shi","doi":"10.1063/5.0264040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0264040","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional InP/InGaAs single-photon avalanche detectors require cooling to approximately 240 K to reduce dark counts, necessitating the use of semiconductor thermoelectric cooling, which increases both volume and power consumption. Through optimization of the material structure and fabrication processes via a single diffusion process, we have developed a high-performance 1550 nm single-photon detector that operates at room temperature (293 K). At a detection efficiency of 20.1%, the dark count rate achieved was 6.82 kHz, with an afterpulse probability of 0.15% and a timing jitter of 120 ps under gated operation. This is the lowest dark count rate reported to date for a 1550 nm single-photon detector operating at room temperature. Furthermore, in a purely passive quenching mode, we obtained a dark count rate of 32.6 kHz with a detection efficiency of 10.3% at room temperature by integrating a SiO2/Cr film resistor through a sputtering process into the detector. Our scheme provides an alternative choice for room-temperature single-photon detectors and should significantly advance their application in compact, low-power devices.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-dependent accelerated Unruh-DeWitt detector without event horizon","authors":"F Sobrero, M S Soares, T Guerreiro and N F Svaiter","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/add707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/add707","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate unitarily inequivalent representations of the algebra of operators in quantum field theory in the cases where there is a Fock representation of the commutation relations. We examine more closely the operational definition of a measurement device, discussing the Unruh-DeWitt and Glauber models of quantum detectors. The transition probability per unit of proper time of both detectors in different non-inertial frames of reference in Minkowski spacetime is evaluated. We first study detectors traveling in a stationary worldline with a constant proper acceleration, i.e. a hyperbolic motion, interacting with the field prepared in the Poincaré invariant Fock vacuum state. Next, we study the Unruh-DeWitt detector at rest in a non-uniformly accelerated frame, with a time dependent acceleration interacting with the field in the Poincaré invariant Fock vacuum state. We evaluate the positive frequency Wightman function for the non-uniformly accelerated frame in a finite time interval and find that it is similar to the two-point correlation function of a system in equilibrium with a thermal bath. Calculating the transition rate, the non-uniformly accelerated Unruh-DeWitt detector can be excited even if the scalar field is prepared in the vacuum state.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CAPOS: The bulge Cluster APOgee Survey","authors":"Nicolás Barrera, Sandro Villanova, Doug Geisler, José G. Fernández-Trincado, Cesar Muñoz","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202451968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451968","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;i&gt;Context&lt;i/&gt;. The CAPOS project aims to obtain accurate mean abundances for many elements and their mean radial velocities, and it explores the multiple population (MP) phenomenon in Galactic bulge globular clusters (BGCs). NGC 6569 is one of the clusters observed by CAPOS.&lt;i&gt;Aims&lt;i/&gt;. This study presents a detailed high-resolution spectroscopic analysis of NGC 6569 to derive high-precision mean abundances for a number of elements with various nucleosynthetic origins and to unveil its MPs by focusing on key spectral features. Our aim is to complement previous suggestions of the presence of MPs in this cluster based on the typical Na–O anticorrelation and the presence of a double horizontal branch.&lt;i&gt;Methods&lt;i/&gt;. We analyzed the near-infrared APOGEE-2 spectra of 11 giant member stars in NGC 6569 using the code BACCHUS. We derived abundances for 12 elements, including light elements (C, N), &lt;i&gt;α&lt;i/&gt;-elements (O, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti), iron-peak elements (Fe, Ni), the odd-Z element (Al), and s-process elements (Ce, Nd). We also performed an isochrone fitting using photometric data (Gaia + 2MASS) to estimate atmospheric parameters, the cluster distance, and its extinction.&lt;i&gt;Results&lt;i/&gt;. We derived a mean metallicity of [Fe/H] = −0.91 ± 0.06, which is consistent with the values from the APOGEE pipeline and slightly more metal poor than previous findings. The scatter lies within the observational uncertainties. The cluster shows enhanced &lt;i&gt;α&lt;i/&gt;-element abundances ([&lt;i&gt;α&lt;i/&gt;/Fe] = 0.36 ± 0.06 dex) similar to other Galactic globular clusters (GCs). We find no significant variation in Al, suggesting a homogeneous distribution within the cluster. In contrast, we find considerable N-enrichment ([N/Fe] = 0.68 ± 0.34 dex) and a large spread of 0.90 dex, which enabled us to distinguish at least two separate populations based on N that have anticorrelated C abundances. The n-capture elements Ce and Nd are overabundant compared to the Sun, but are similar to those of GCs in this metallicity regime, and also show an average ratio of ⟨[Ce/Nd]⟩ = −0.17 ± 0.12. Finally, we estimated a mean radial velocity of RV = −49.75 ± 3.68 km s&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;sup/&gt;, which is consistent with previous measurements, but the heliocentric distance (d&lt;sub&gt;⊙&lt;sub/&gt; = 12.4 ± 1.45 kpc) and interstellar reddening (E(B–V) = 0.68) are higher than reported in the literature.&lt;i&gt;Conclusions&lt;i/&gt;. The analysis confirms the presence of MPs in NGC 6569, evidenced by a significant spread in N and a clear C–N anticorrelation. This supports the previously established Na–O anticorrelation. MPs are characterized through this pattern for the first time. NGC 6569 exhibits chemical signatures typical of BGCs, without a significant spread in metallicity. The cluster &lt;i&gt;α&lt;i/&gt;-element enhancement (consistent with early enrichment by type II supernovae) and the absence of a Mg–Al–Si anticorrelation agree with expectations for relatively high-metallicity GCs and suggests a rapid and homogeneous star formation history. T","PeriodicalId":8571,"journal":{"name":"Astronomy & Astrophysics","volume":"148 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144547635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum natural stochastic pairwise coordinate descent","authors":"Mohammad Aamir Sohail, Mohsen Heidari, S. Sandeep Pradhan","doi":"10.1038/s41534-025-01047-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-025-01047-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Variational quantum algorithms, optimized using gradient-based methods, often exhibit sub-optimal convergence performance due to their dependence on Euclidean geometry. Quantum natural gradient descent (QNGD) is a more efficient method that incorporates the geometry of the state space via a quantum information metric. However, QNGD is computationally intensive and suffers from high sample complexity. In this work, we formulate a novel quantum information metric and construct an unbiased estimator for this metric using single-shot measurements. We develop a quantum optimization algorithm that leverages the geometry of the state space via this estimator while avoiding full-state tomography, as in conventional techniques. We provide the convergence analysis of the algorithm under mild conditions. Furthermore, we provide experimental results that demonstrate the better sample complexity and faster convergence of our algorithm compared to the state-of-the-art approaches. Our results illustrate the algorithm’s ability to avoid saddle points and local minima.</p>","PeriodicalId":19212,"journal":{"name":"npj Quantum Information","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144533763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical techniques for high-precision measurements on near-term quantum hardware and applications in molecular energy estimation","authors":"Keijo Korhonen, Hetta Vappula, Adam Glos, Marco Cattaneo, Zoltán Zimborás, Elsi-Mari Borrelli, Matteo A. C. Rossi, Guillermo García-Pérez, Daniel Cavalcanti","doi":"10.1038/s41534-025-01066-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-025-01066-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Achieving high-precision measurements on near-term quantum devices is critical for advancing quantum computing applications. Quantum computers suffer from high readout errors, making quantum simulations with high accuracy requirements particularly challenging. This paper implements practical techniques to reach accuracies essential for quantum chemistry by addressing key overheads and noise sources. Specifically, we leverage locally biased random measurements for reducing shot overhead, repeated settings with parallel quantum detector tomography for reducing circuit overhead and mitigating readout errors, and blended scheduling for mitigating time-dependent noise. We demonstrate these techniques via molecular energy estimation of the BODIPY molecule on a Hartree-Fock state on an IBM Eagle r3, obtaining a reduction in measurement errors by an order of magnitude from 1-5% to 0.16%. These strategies pave the way for more reliable quantum computations, particularly for applications requiring precise molecular energy calculations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19212,"journal":{"name":"npj Quantum Information","volume":"647 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144533764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anyonic braiding in a chiral Mach–Zehnder interferometer","authors":"Bikash Ghosh, Maria Labendik, Liliia Musina, Vladimir Umansky, Moty Heiblum, David F. Mross","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02960-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02960-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fractional quantum statistics are the defining characteristic of anyons. Measuring the phase generated by an exchange of anyons is challenging, as standard interferometry set-ups—such as the Fabry–Pérot interferometer—suffer from charging effects that obscure the interference signal. Here we present the observation of anyonic interference and exchange phases in an optical-like Mach–Zehnder interferometer based on co-propagating interface modes. By avoiding backscattering and deleterious charging effects, this set-up enables pristine and robust Aharonov–Bohm interference without any phase slips. At various fractional filling factors, the observed flux periodicities agree with the fundamental fractionally charged excitations that correspond to Jain states and depend only on the bulk topological order. To probe the anyonic statistics, we used a small, charged top gate in the interferometer bulk to induce localized quasiparticles without modifying the Aharonov–Bohm phase. The added quasiparticles introduce periodic phase slips. The sign and magnitude of the observed phase slips align with the expected value at filling 1/3, but their direction shows systematic deviations at fillings 2/5 and 3/7. Control over added individual quasiparticles in this design is essential for measuring the coveted non-abelian statistics in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144533765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weighted essentially non-oscillatory generalized finite difference method for hyperbolic conservation laws","authors":"Zhaoji Xia,&nbsp;Yinhua Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.jcp.2025.114207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcp.2025.114207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) generalized finite difference method (GFDM) for solving hyperbolic conservation laws. The proposed method accommodates both unstructured meshes and scattered point clouds, ensuring the preservation of free-stream solutions. Drawing from an alternative WENO scheme formulation, the flux functions are disassembled into low-order and high-order constituents. Diverging from conventional finite difference methods, the WENO reconstruction is executed directly on the numerical solutions, rather than the flux functions, with Riemann solvers employed exclusively for the low-order components, thereby diminishing computational overhead. This paper outlines the process for stencil selection, WENO reconstruction, and scheme formulation. Numerical examples for one- and two-dimensional conservation laws validate the high-order accuracy and non-oscillatory properties of the method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":352,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computational Physics","volume":"539 ","pages":"Article 114207"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}