物理与天体物理最新文献

{"title":"CO2-rich protoplanetary discs as a probe of dust radial drift and trapping","authors":"Andrew D. Sellek, Marissa Vlasblom, Ewine F. van Dishoeck","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202451137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451137","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Context<i/>. Mid-infrared spectra indicate considerable chemical diversity in the inner regions of protoplanetary discs, with some being H<sub>2<sub/>O-dominated and others CO<sub>2<sub/>-dominated. Sublimating ices from radially drifting dust grains are often invoked to explain some of this diversity, particularly with regards to H<sub>2<sub/>O-rich discs.<i>Aims<i/>. We model the contribution made by radially drifting dust grains to the chemical diversity of the inner regions of protoplanetary discs. These grains transport ices – including those of H<sub>2<sub/>O and CO<sub>2<sub/> – inwards to snow lines, thus redistributing the molecular content of the disc. As radial drift can be impeded by dust trapping in pressure maxima, we also explore the difference between smooth discs and those with dust traps due to gas gaps, quantifying the effects of gap location and formation time.<i>Methods<i/>. We used a 1D protoplanetary disc evolution code to model the chemical evolution of the inner disc resulting from gas viscous evolution and dust radial drift. We post-processed these models to produce synthetic spectra, which we analyse with 0D LTE slab models to understand how this evolution may be expressed observationally.<i>Results<i/>. Discs evolve through an initial H<sub>2<sub/>O-rich phase as a result of sublimating ices, followed by a CO<sub>2<sub/> -rich phase as H<sub>2<sub/>O vapour is advected onto the star and CO<sub>2<sub/> is advected into the inner disc from its snow line. The introduction of traps hastens the transition between the phases, temporarily raising the CO<sub>2<sub/>/H<sub>2<sub/>O ratio. However, whether or not this evolution can be traced in observations depends on the contribution of dust grains to the optical depth. If the dust grains become coupled to the gas after crossing the H<sub>2<sub/>O snow line – for example if bare grains fragment more easily than icy grains – then the dust that delivers the H<sub>2<sub/>O adds to the continuum optical depth and obscures the H<sub>2<sub/>O, preventing any evolution in its visible column density. However, the CO<sub>2<sub/>/H<sub>2<sub/>O visible column density ratio is only weakly sensitive to assumptions about the dust continuum obscuration, making it a more suitable tracer of the impact of transport on chemistry than either individual column density. This can be investigated with spectra that show weak features that probe deep enough into the disc. The least effective gaps are those that open close to the star on timescales competitive with dust growth and drift as they block too much CO<sub>2<sub/>; gaps opened later or further out lead to higher CO<sub>2<sub/>/H<sub>2<sub/>O. This leads to a potential correlation between CO<sub>2<sub/>/H<sub>2<sub/>O and gap location that occurs on million-year timescales for fiducial parameters.<i>Conclusions<i/>. Radial drift, especially when combined with dust trapping, produces CO<sub>2<sub/> -rich discs on timescales longer than the vi","PeriodicalId":8571,"journal":{"name":"Astronomy & Astrophysics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep high-resolution L band spectroscopy in the β Pictoris planetary system★","authors":"Markus Janson, Jonas Wehrung-Montpezat, Ansgar Wehrhahn, Alexis Brandeker, Gayathri Viswanath, Paul Mollière, Thomas Stolker","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202452411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452411","url":null,"abstract":"The <i>β<i/> Pictoris system, with its two directly imaged planets <i>β<i/> Pic b and <i>β<i/> Pic c and its well characterised debris disk, is a prime target for detailed characterisation of young planetary systems. Here, we present high-resolution and high-contrast LM band spectroscopy with CRIRES+ of the system, primarily for the purpose of atmospheric characterisation of <i>β<i/> Pic b. We developed methods for determining slit geometry and wavelength calibration based on telluric absorption and emission lines, as well as methods for point spread function (PSF) modelling and subtraction, and artificial planet injection, in order to extract and characterise planet spectra at a high signal-to-noise ratio (<i>S<i/>/<i>N<i/>) and spectral fidelity. Through cross-correlation with model spectra, we detected H<sub>2<sub/>O absorption for planet b in each of the 13 individual observations spanning four different spectral settings. This provides a clear confirmation of previously detected water absorption, and allowed us to derive an exquisite precision on the rotational velocity of <i>β<i/> Pic b, <i>υ<i/><sub>rot<sub/> = 20.36 ± 0.31 km/s, which is consistent within error bars with previous determinations. We also observed a tentative H<sub>2<sub/>O cross-correlation peak at the expected position and velocity of planet c; the feature is however not at a statistically significant level. Despite a higher sensitivity to SiO than earlier studies, we do not confirm a tentative SiO feature previously reported for planet b. When combining data from different epochs and different observing modes for the strong H<sub>2<sub/>O feature of planet b, we find that the <i>S<i/>/<i>N<i/> grows considerably faster when sets of different spectral settings are combined, compared to when multiple data sets of the same spectral setting are combined. This implies that maximising spectral coverage is often more important than maximising integration depth when investigating exoplanetary atmospheres using cross-correlation techniques.","PeriodicalId":8571,"journal":{"name":"Astronomy & Astrophysics","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid Josephson Rhombus: A Superconducting Element with Tailored Current-Phase Relation","authors":"L. Banszerus, C. W. Andersson, W. Marshall, T. Lindemann, M. J. Manfra, C. M. Marcus, S. Vaitiekėnas","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.15.011021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.15.011021","url":null,"abstract":"Controlling the current-phase relation (CPR) of Josephson elements is essential for tailoring the eigenstates of superconducting qubits, tuning the properties of parametric amplifiers, and designing nonreciprocal superconducting devices. Here, we introduce the hybrid Josephson rhombus, a highly tunable superconducting circuit containing four semiconductor-superconductor hybrid Josephson junctions embedded in a loop. Combining magnetic frustration with gate-voltage-controlled tuning of individual Josephson couplings provides deterministic control of the harmonic content of the rhombus CPR. We show that, for balanced Josephson couplings at full frustration, the hybrid rhombus displays a π</a:mi></a:math>-periodic <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mi>cos</c:mi><c:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</c:mo><c:mn>2</c:mn><c:mi>φ</c:mi><c:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</c:mo></c:math> potential, indicating coherent charge-<g:math xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><g:mn>4</g:mn><g:mi>e</g:mi></g:math> transport. Tuning away from the balanced configuration, we observe a superconducting diode effect with efficiency exceeding 25%. These results showcase the potential of hybrid Josephson rhombi as fundamental building blocks for noise-resilient qubits and quantum devices with custom transport properties. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning Magnetism in Ising-type van der Waals Magnet FePS3 by Lithium Intercalation.","authors":"Dinesh Upreti, Rabindra Basnet, M M Sharma, Santosh Karki Chhetri, Gokul Acharya, Md Rafique Un Nabi, Josh Sakon, Bo Da, Mansour Mortazavi, Jin Hu","doi":"10.1088/1361-648X/adb232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648X/adb232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, layered transition metal thiophosphate MPX3 (M = transition metals, X = S or Se) have gained significant attention because of their rich magnetic, optical, and electronic properties. Specifically, the diverse magnetic structures and the robustness of magnetism in the two-dimensional limit have made them prominent candidates to study two-dimensional magnetism. Numerous efforts such as substitutions and interlayer intercalations have been adopted to tune the magnetic properties of these materials, which has greatly deepened the understanding of the underlying mechanisms that govern the properties. In this work, we focus on modifying the magnetism of Ising-type antiferromagnet FePS3 using electrochemical lithium intercalation. Our work demonstrate the effectiveness of electrochemical intercalation as a controllable tool to modulating magnetism, including tuning magnetic ordering temperature and inducing low temperature spin-glass state, offering an approach for implementing this material into applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":16776,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure of massive gauge/gravity scattering amplitudes, equivalence theorems, and extended double-copy with compactified warped space","authors":"Yanfeng Hang,&nbsp;Wei-Wei Zhao,&nbsp;Hong-Jian He,&nbsp;Yin-Long Qiu","doi":"10.1007/JHEP02(2025)001","DOIUrl":"10.1007/JHEP02(2025)001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We study the structure of scattering amplitudes of massive Kaluza-Klein (KK) states in the compactified 5-dimensional warped gauge and gravity theories. We present systematic formulations of the gauge theory equivalence theorem (GAET) and the gravitational equivalence theorem (GRET) for warped KK theories in <i>R</i>_<i>ξ</i> gauge, where the GAET connects the scattering amplitudes of longitudinal KK gauge bosons to that of the corresponding KK Goldstone bosons and the GRET connects the scattering amplitudes of KK gravitons of helicity-zero (helicity-one) to that of the corresponding gravitational scalar (vector) KK Goldstone bosons. We analyze the structure of 3-point and 4-point scattering amplitudes of massive KK gauge bosons and of massive KK gravitons as well as of the KK Goldstone bosons at tree level. We first prove the GAET and GRET explicitly for the fundamental 3-point KK gauge/gravity scattering amplitudes. We then demonstrate that the validity of the GAET and GRET for 4-point gauge/gravity scattering amplitudes can be reduced to the validity of GAET and GRET for 3-point gauge/gravity scattering amplitudes. With these, we study the double-copy construction of KK scattering amplitudes in the warped gauge/gravity theories. We newly realize the double-copy for massive 3-point full gauge/gravity amplitudes under the color-kinematics correspondence and the gauge-gravity coupling correspondence at tree level, whereas we can construct extended double-copy for 4-point KK gauge/gravity scattering amplitudes to the leading order (LO) of high energy expansion. We further demonstrate that this LO double-copy construction can be extended to <i>N</i>-point KK scattering amplitudes with <i>N</i> ⩾ 4.</p>","PeriodicalId":635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","volume":"2025 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/JHEP02(2025)001.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143184658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and thermometry of dissipatively stabilized steady states","authors":"G S Grattan, A M Liguori-Schremp, D Rodriguez Perez, E Kapit, W Jones and P Graf","doi":"10.1088/2058-9565/ad9e2d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ad9e2d","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we study the properties of dissipatively stabilized steady states of noisy quantum algorithms, exploring the extent to which they can be well approximated as thermal distributions, and proposing methods to extract the effective temperature T. We study an algorithm called the relaxational quantum eigensolver (RQE), which is one of a family of algorithms that attempt to find ground states and balance error in noisy quantum devices. In RQE, we weakly couple a second register of auxiliary ‘shadow’ qubits to the primary system in Trotterized evolution, thus engineering an approximate zero-temperature bath by periodically resetting the auxiliary qubits during the algorithm’s runtime. Balancing the infinite temperature bath of random gate error, RQE returns states with an average energy equal to a constant fraction of the ground state. We probe the steady states of this algorithm for a range of base error rates, using several methods for estimating both T and deviations from thermal behavior. In particular, we both confirm that the steady states of these systems are often well-approximated by thermal distributions, and show that the same resources used for cooling can be adopted for thermometry, yielding a fairly reliable measure of the temperature. These methods could be readily implemented in near-term quantum hardware, and for stabilizing and probing Hamiltonians where simulating approximate thermal states is hard for classical computers.","PeriodicalId":20821,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Science and Technology","volume":"165 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rewritable ITO Patterning for Nanophotonics","authors":"Xinqin Liu, Pan Peng, Zhenyang Zhang, Xiangyu Zhao, Wenyu Chen, Shiyuan Liu, Jinlong Zhu","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202401799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202401799","url":null,"abstract":"Nanophotonic devices leverage unique interactions between photons and materials at the nanoscale, enabling applications in optical communication, biosensing, and quantum computing. These devices' properties are susceptible to material composition and structural design. Nanofabrication techniques, such as optical lithography, e-beam lithography, two-photon polymerization, and direct laser writing, have been widely applied to fabricate nanophotonic devices. Notably, rewritable fabrication stands out due to its low cost, flexibility, efficiency, and multi-functionality. In this paper, a novel rewritable nanofabrication technique is proposed, which combines electrochemical reactions with direct laser writing, to fabricate nanophotonic devices on low-cost indium tin oxide (ITO) films. The experimental results have demonstrated that high-quality and erasable photonic structures such as diffraction gratings and holography masks can be directly fabricated using our technique. Hence, it is believed that this method can be applied in diverse fields such as nanophotonics, optoelectronic devices, biosensors, micro-electromechanical systems, and nonlinear optics.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confronting new NICER mass-radius measurements with phase transition in dense matter and twin compact stars","authors":"Jia Jie Li, Armen Sedrakian and Mark Alford","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2025/02/002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/02/002","url":null,"abstract":"The (re)analysis of data on the X-ray emitting pulsars PSR J0030+0451 and J0740+6620, as well as new results on PSR J0437-4715 and J1231-1411, are confronted with the predictions of the equation of state (EoS) models allowing for strong first-order phase transition for the mass-radius (M-R) diagram. We use models that are based on a covariant density functional (CDF) EoS for nucleonic matter at low densities and a quark matter EoS, parameterized by the speed of sound, at higher densities. To account for the variations in the ellipses for PSR J0030+0451 obtained from different analyses, we examined three scenarios to assess their consistency with our models, focusing particularly on the potential formation of twin stars. We found that in two scenarios, where the ellipses for PSR J0030+0451 and J0437-4715 with masses close to the canonical mass ∼ 1.4 M⊙ are significantly separated, our models allow for the presence of twin stars as a natural explanation for potential differences in the radii of these stars.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":"526 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optothermal Traps Based on Mosaic Phase Masks","authors":"S. P. Kotova,&nbsp;N. N. Losevsky,&nbsp;A. M. Mayorova,&nbsp;S. A. Samagin","doi":"10.3103/S1068335624602413","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068335624602413","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The expansion of the functionality of optothermal traps through the use of mosaic diffraction elements has been experimentally demonstrated. The phase functions of simple optical elements are used to form mosaic (sector, ring, and their combinations) phase masks. For the first time, a controlled rotation of ensembles of microparticles in optothermal traps of various shapes has been implemented. It is shown that during rotations with velocities of 2.7–6.5 deg/s, latex microparticles with dimensions of 3–4 μm are held in optothermal traps.</p>","PeriodicalId":503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute","volume":"51 9 supplement","pages":"S741 - S749"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Whole-Organ Characterization via Quantitative Light-Sheet Microscopy (Laser Photonics Rev. 19(3)/2025)","authors":"Lingmei Chen,&nbsp;Yijun Su,&nbsp;Shuhao Qian,&nbsp;Lingxi Zhou,&nbsp;Tao Han,&nbsp;Chuncheng Wang,&nbsp;Rushan Jiang,&nbsp;Zhihua Ding,&nbsp;Min Guo,&nbsp;Zhiyi Liu","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202570010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202570010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Whole-Organ Imaging</b></p><p>A quantitative light-sheet microscopy platform has been developed to enable highly time-efficient assessments of fibrous structures within the cleared whole organ. This platform achieves automatic identification of medulla and cortex within the mouse ovary, and leads to a better understanding of the immune microenvironment by obtaining heterogeneous distributions of immune cells. See article 2401177 by Min Guo, Zhiyi Liu, and co-workers for more details.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lpor.202570010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}