Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy最新文献

{"title":"Diagnosing dark energy in the post-DESI era: From effective dynamics to multi-probe consistency tests","authors":"Xin Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11433-026-3116-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-026-3116-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The recent baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements from the dark energy spectroscopic instrument (DESI) have sharpened one of the central questions in modern cosmology: whether cosmic acceleration is driven by a true cosmological constant or by new physics in the dark sector, gravity, or the early Universe. Although DESI BAO data alone remain broadly consistent with flat Λ cold dark matter model, their combination with cosmic microwave background and supernova observations shows a moderate preference for an evolving dark-energy equation of state, often associated with effective phantom-crossing behavior. This preference should not be interpreted as a definitive detection of a time-varying dark-energy fluid. Rather, it exposes a broader degeneracy among late-time dynamical dark energy, dark-sector interactions, modified gravity, early-Universe sound-horizon calibration, neutrino-mass inference and residual systematics. In this review, we summarize the post-DESI status of dark-energy research, emphasizing both the significance and the limitations of the present evidence. We discuss dynamical dark energy as an effective description of the expansion history, compare it with interacting dark-energy and modified-gravity interpretations, and examine how the Hubble tension, the <i>S</i>₈ tension and cosmological neutrino-mass constraints act as joint consistency tests of the underlying framework. We further highlight the role of future geometry, growth, absolute-distance and baryon-distribution probes, together with reproducible multi-probe likelihoods, in distinguishing physical mechanisms from statistical fluctuations and residual systematics. We argue that the post-DESI era is shifting dark-energy research from parameter fitting toward multi-sector physical diagnosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"69 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11433-026-3116-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nucleosynthesis of Pop III and Fe-enriched Pop II pair-instability supernovae","authors":"Wenyu Xin,&nbsp;Ken’ichi Nomoto,&nbsp;Chun-Ming Yip,&nbsp;Xianfei Zhang,&nbsp;Qian-Fan Xing,&nbsp;Shaolan Bi,&nbsp;Gang Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s11433-026-3079-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-026-3079-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The recently discovered very metal-poor (VMP) star LAMOST J1010+2358 shows a peculiar abundance pattern that is remarkably well fit by a Pop III pair-instability supernova (PISN) of ≃ 260<i>M</i>_⊙. Motivated by this, we investigate the nucleosynthetic characteristics of Pop III and Pop II PISNe to provide theoretical constraints for future observations. This paper is divided into two parts. First, we explore the evolution and nucleosynthesis of Pop III PISNe with initial masses of 130<i>M</i>_⊙–300<i>M</i>_⊙. Our main aim is to investigate how the uncertainty in ¹²C(<i>α</i>, <i>γ</i>)¹⁶O and ¹⁶O+¹⁶O reaction rates affect their explosion properties and nucleosynthesis. We find that the yields of odd-<i>Z</i> elements are particularly sensitive to the ¹²C(<i>α</i>, <i>γ</i>)¹⁶O rate, while the production of Fe-peak elements shows significant sensitivity to both rates. Second, we investigate the nucleosynthetic features of Pop II PISNe formed in gas enriched exclusively by Pop III PISN ejecta. By employing a time-dependent convection model during the explosion, we demonstrate that metal enrichment increases opacity and triggers vigorous convective mixing. This hydrodynamic effect significantly enhances the explosion energy and ⁵⁶Ni production. Consequently, Pop II PISNe exhibit distinct chemical signatures, including a weaker odd-even effect and enhanced Zn-Ge production, providing unique diagnostics for identifying PISN remnants in the early Universe.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"69 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149339201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision spectroscopy via symmetry-protected destructive many-body interferometry","authors":"Sijie Chen,&nbsp;Jiahao Huang,&nbsp;Min Zhuang,&nbsp;Chaohong Lee","doi":"10.1007/s11433-026-3102-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-026-3102-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Precision spectroscopy, a fundamental tool in both fundamental science and practical applications, is inevitably subject to several detrimental effects. Here we propose a symmetry-protected destructive many-body interferometry (SPDMBI) for precision spectroscopy, which successfully mitigates the spectral shifts caused by interparticle interaction, noise, decoherence and experimental imperfection. Through matching the symmetry of the input states and the Hamiltonian, the SPDMBI-based precision spectroscopy yields an antisymmetric spectrum, whose antisymmetric point exactly determines the resonance frequency. In such a precision spectroscopy, the population difference under resonance is always zero, which is a result of the destructive many-body quantum interferometry. To demonstrate its versatility, we showcase successful applications of symmetry-protected Rabi and Ramsey spectroscopy in measuring both time-independent and time-dependent signals. Our protocol improves the performance of precision spectroscopy and offers a pathway for various high-precision quantum sensors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"69 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149339262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of magnetic interactions across triangular-lattice Ce-based chalcogenides","authors":"Weizhen Zhuo,&nbsp;Mingtai Xie,&nbsp;Ellen Häußler,&nbsp;Thomas Doert,&nbsp;Anton A. Kulbakov,&nbsp;Jacques Ollivier,&nbsp;Jianting Ji,&nbsp;Feng Jin,&nbsp;Dmytro S. Inosov,&nbsp;Stephen D. Wilson,&nbsp;Jie Ma,&nbsp;Zheng Zhang,&nbsp;Qingming Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11433-026-3081-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-026-3081-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Realizing quantum spin liquids (QSLs) in real materials requires understanding how crystal structure dictates magnetic interactions. The triangular-lattice family KCe<i>Ch</i>₂ (<i>Ch</i> = O, S, Se) offers an ideal platform to investigate this link, as anion substitution alone (O → S → Se) drives a magnetic crossover from AFM-120° to stripe-<i>yz</i> order—signaling a systematic reconstruction of the underlying exchange interactions. Combining inelastic neutron scattering (INS) and thermodynamic measurements with linear spin-wave (LSW) theory and exact diagonalization (ED), we determine the anisotropic exchange parameters for the full series. By mapping these parameters onto the <i>J-K-Γ-Γ′</i> phase diagram via density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) calculations, we find that KCeO₂ lies within the AFM-120° region, close to the boundary with stripe order. Isovalent substitution is widely employed as a materials strategy to tune exchange interactions toward QSL. However, the substitution from O to S to Se acts through two synergistic effects: the decreasing ligand electronegativity suppresses <i>J</i> and ∣<i>Γ</i>∣, while the reduction of the local octahedral distortion enhances ∣<i>K</i>∣ and suppresses ∣<i>Γ′</i>∣. This coupled evolution forces the system directly from AFM-120° to stripe-<i>yz</i> order, bypassing the QSL. Our DMRG analysis further identifies this QSL as a gapped state with short-range spin correlations, consistent with the strong spin-orbit coupling that breaks continuous spin-rotation symmetry. These results establish that anion substitution alone is insufficient to access the QSL in this family, and that realizing this state requires decoupling the magnetic anisotropy from the structural evolution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"69 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149339026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Charged scalar and Dirac perturbations on a global monopole Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter black hole: Quasinormal modes and strong cosmic censorship","authors":"Peiyang Li,&nbsp;Mengjie Wang,&nbsp;Jiliang Jing","doi":"10.1007/s11433-026-3082-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-026-3082-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study perturbations of charged scalar and Dirac fields around Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter black holes with a global monopole. To this end, we first formulate the equations of motion for both fields on the aforementioned background uniformly in the Teukol-sky equation. Since the Teukolsky equation in asymptotically de Sitter spacetimes can be mapped into the Heun equation, we are then able to solve quasinormal spectra by utilizing the Heun function method, not only for photon sphere modes but also for de Sitter and near-extremal modes. We analyze the spectra of all three types for both fields and, in particular, ascertain the effects of the global monopole. In the near-extremal regime, we find that the presence of a global monopole, on the one hand, leaves the strong cosmic censorship (SCC) conjecture unaffected for scalar perturbations, while on the other hand, it enhances the violation of SCC for Dirac perturbations. Furthermore, we identify that the impact of the global monopole on both the spectra and the SCC is achieved by a shift in the modified multipole number. Our work demonstrates that the Heun function method is an efficient and robust approach for exploring the interaction between asymptotically de Sitter black holes and perturbing fields.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"69 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149339120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectral butterfly effect and resilient ringdown in thick braneworlds","authors":"Hai-Long Jia,&nbsp;Wen-Di Guo,&nbsp;Yu-Peng Zhang,&nbsp;Yu-Xiao Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11433-026-3091-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-026-3091-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The quasinormal mode spectrum is a unique fingerprint linking gravitational-wave observations to extra-dimensional geometry. In this article, we show that thick braneworlds exhibit a spectral butterfly effect: infinitesimal deformations of the effective potential trigger dramatic migrations of quasinormal modes, challenging the presumed stability of this fingerprint. Frequency-domain instabilities depend sensitively on the perturbation’s location and strength. In the time domain, near-brane perturbations primarily modify the early ringdown, while far-brane perturbations generate clean late-time echoes. Crucially, the graviton zero mode remains localized, preserving four-dimensional gravity. Despite this pronounced spectral fragility, the observable early-stage signal under current detector sensitivities is still dominated by the original fundamental mode. Hence, thick braneworlds display a nontrivial coexistence of a fragile spectrum and a resilient ringdown, supporting the continued use of the standard fingerprint in present-day gravitational-wave astronomy while revealing its hidden sensitivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"69 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autler-townes energy-level engineering for high-quality all-microwave qubit gate","authors":"Wan-Peng Gao,&nbsp;Xiao-Liang He,&nbsp;Zheng-Qi Niu,&nbsp;Si-Qi Li,&nbsp;Da-Qiang Bao,&nbsp;Kuang Liu,&nbsp;Jian-Qiang You,&nbsp;Jaw-Shen Tsai,&nbsp;Zhen Wang,&nbsp;Zhi-Rong Lin","doi":"10.1007/s11433-026-3065-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-026-3065-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-fidelity entangling gates are essential for realizing large-scale fault-tolerant superconducting quantum computing, yet existing approaches are limited: frequency-tuning techniques induce decoherence, while all-microwave-driven schemes suffer the trade-off between gate speed and leakage rate. Here, we introduce an energy-level engineering technique that employs the Autler-Townes effect to manipulate the nonlinearity of qubits without perturbing the computational subspace or degrading coherence time. This approach enables an experimentally validated, fast (97 ns) and high-fidelity (99.40(9)%) CZ gate, where error analysis reveals that gate errors arise mainly from static decoherence. The scheme facilitates fast, high-quality all-microwave gate operations with a simple topology and can be applied across various quantum platforms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"69 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149339025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symmetry topological field theory for flavor symmetry","authors":"Qiang Jia,&nbsp;Ran Luo,&nbsp;Jiahua Tian,&nbsp;Yi-Nan Wang,&nbsp;Yi Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11433-026-3078-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-026-3078-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we demonstrate that the symmetry topological field theory (SymTFT) associated with a quantum field theory (QFT) with continuous non-abelian <i>G</i>-flavor symmetry is a <i>BF</i>-theory with gauge group <i>G</i>. We show that gauging <i>G</i>-symmetry with a flat connection yields a theory with global symmetry characterized by exchanging the conjugate variables in the quantization of <i>BF</i>-theory. We construct the extended operators that generate the <i>G</i>-flavor symmetry and the (<i>d</i> − 2)-form Rep(<i>G</i>)-symmetry of the gauged QFT. We demonstrate that <i>BF</i>-theory arises as the theory characterizing <i>G</i>-flavor symmetry of a QFT in the AdS/CFT setup.’ t Hooft anomalies of the <i>G</i>-flavor symmetry are realized as extra terms in the action.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"69 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth from KiDS: Stellar mass assembly of galaxies since z=2 in the light of Kilo-Degree Survey","authors":"Qingshan Wang,&nbsp;Antonios Katsianis,&nbsp;Nicola R. Napolitano,&nbsp;Linghua Xie,&nbsp;Rui Li,&nbsp;Xiaohu Yang,&nbsp;Baitian Tang,&nbsp;Jiaxin Han,&nbsp;Zhenlin Tan,&nbsp;Lizhi Xie,&nbsp;Ying Tang,&nbsp;Yuchang Li,&nbsp;Hangxin Pu","doi":"10.1007/s11433-026-3075-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-026-3075-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We measure the galaxy stellar mass function (GSMF) at <i>z</i> = 0–2 using 28 million galaxies from the KiDS DR4, which spans an effective survey area of 676.9 deg². Combining nine-band photometry (<i>u</i>–<i>K</i>_<i>s</i>) and redshifts derived using deep learning photometry, we use five SED fitting configurations: CIGALE (combined with delayed exponential declining star formation history)/LePhare (combined with exponential declining star formation history) and CB19/BC03/M05 stellar population synthesis (SPS). We present the impact of the systematics related to the code, SPS modeling and star formation history (SFH), which combined can introduce systematics of ∼0.6 dex. The GSMFs outlined in this work agree well with previous studies (within the uncertainties introduced by systematics) that typically are able to cover measurements for the GSMF only up to log(<i>M</i>_*/<i>M</i>_⊙) ∼ 11.75, due to their limited volume. The large KiDS area and galaxy counts, allow us to gain some insights on the “extreme” high-mass end, and our GSMFs imply that possibly there are more massive galaxies than we would expect, from a simple exponential cut-off, at log(<i>M</i>_*/<i>M</i>_⊙) &gt; 11.75. However, we heed caution that, despite advances done both in redshift estimation techniques and SPS, future studies are required to confirm this behavior. We consider the effects of Eddington bias (EB) to our observations via two different methods and compare our results with the predictions of semi-analytic models and hydrodynamical simulations. We use the mean absolute difference (MAD) of residuals as a diagnostic metric. Due to inconsistencies (&gt; 0.5 dex) between observations and Eddington-biased simulations found, especially at the high-mass end, we suggest that some theoretical models would achieve better performance once parameter tuning takes into account the effects of EB prior to the tuning of the uncertain parameters involved related to stellar physics and feedback.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"69 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11433-026-3075-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects for probing supermassive binary black holes in strongly lensed active galactic nuclei via microlensing effects","authors":"Zekun Li,&nbsp;Changshuo Yan,&nbsp;Youjun Lu,&nbsp;Zhiwei Chen","doi":"10.1007/s11433-026-3100-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11433-026-3100-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gravitational microlensing in strongly lensed active galactic nuclei (AGNs) provides a powerful probe of accretion-disk structure and may offer a unique opportunity to identify sub-parsec supermassive binary black holes (SMBBHs) through distinctive signatures. Upcoming wide-field surveys are expected to discover a large sample of strongly lensed AGNs, a fraction of which may host SMBBHs detectable via microlensing. In this paper, we employ semi-analytic models to assess the detection prospects of sub-parsec SMBBHs in lensed AGNs, focusing on systems with resolvable multiple images suitable for microlensing analysis. Accounting for galaxy-scale strong-lensing statistics, and including the cluster-lensing contribution as an optimistic statistical extension, we estimate that up to approximately 87 such systems could be spatially resolved by individual upcoming surveys, including the Vera C. Rubin Observatory (Rubin), Euclid, China’s Space Survey Telescope (CSST), and the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (Roman). For the Rubin Wide-Fast-Deep survey, we estimate that periodic oscillations in microlensing light curves could identify ∼0.12–0.68 short-period (&lt;5 yr) binaries, whereas diagnostics based on the reconstructed size-wavelength relation apply to a broader population, potentially identifying ∼0.4–5.3 systems, depending on the model assumptions. CSST, Euclid, and Roman may also reveal up to 10.6, 8.9, and 1.2 systems exhibiting size-wavelength features, and 2.3, 1.9, 0.3 systems showing periodic oscillations, which should be regarded as imaging-selected candidates whose microlensing-based identification requires adequate time-domain follow-up, including cadence, monitoring baseline, photometric precision, and reliable time-delay measurements. Our results show that strongly lensed AGNs provide a promising, though observationally demanding, pathway for finding candidate SMBBHs via microlensing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":774,"journal":{"name":"Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy","volume":"69 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}