Communications Physics最新文献

{"title":"Speeding up adiabatic ion transport in macroscopic multi-Penning-trap stacks for high-precision experiments.","authors":"Moritz von Boehn, Jan Schaper, Julia A Coenders, Johannes Brombacher, Teresa Meiners, Malte Niemann, Juan M Cornejo, Stefan Ulmer, Christian Ospelkaus","doi":"10.1038/s42005-025-02031-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-025-02031-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multi-Penning traps are an excellent tool for high-precision tests of fundamental physics in a variety of applications, ranging from atomic mass measurements to symmetry tests. In such experiments, single ions are transferred between distinct trap regions as part of the experimental sequence, resulting in measurement dead time and heating of the ion motions. Here, we report a procedure to reduce the duration of adiabatic single-ion transport in macroscopic multi-Penning-trap stacks by using ion-transport waveforms and electronic filter predistortion. For this purpose, transport adiabaticity of a single laser-cooled ⁹Be⁺is analyzed via Doppler-broadened sideband spectra obtained by stimulated Raman spectroscopy, yielding an average heating per transport of 2.6 ± 4.0 quanta for transport times between 7 and 15 ms. Applying these techniques to current multi-Penning trap experiments could reduce ion transport times by up to three orders of magnitude. Furthermore, these results are a key requisite for implementing quantum logic spectroscopy in Penning trap experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":"107"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suppressing nonperturbative gauge errors in the thermodynamic limit using local pseudogenerators.","authors":"Maarten Van Damme, Julius Mildenberger, Fabian Grusdt, Philipp Hauke, Jad C Halimeh","doi":"10.1038/s42005-025-02035-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-025-02035-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With recent progress in quantum simulations of lattice-gauge theories, it is becoming a pressing question how to reliably protect the gauge symmetry that defines such models. Recently, an experimentally feasible gauge-protection scheme has been proposed that is based on the concept of a local pseudogenerator, which is required to act identically to the full gauge-symmetry generator in the target gauge sector, but not necessarily outside of it. The scheme has been analytically and numerically shown to reliably stabilize lattice gauge theories in the presence of perturbative errors on finite-size analog quantum-simulation devices. In this work, through uniform matrix product state calculations, we demonstrate the efficacy of this scheme for nonperturbative errors in analog quantum simulators up to all accessible evolution times in the thermodynamic limit, where it is a priori neither established nor expected that this scheme will succeed. Our results indicate the presence of an emergent gauge symmetry in an adjusted gauge theory even in the thermodynamic limit, which is beyond our analytic predictions. Additionally, we show through quantum circuit model calculations that gauge protection with local pseudogenerators also successfully suppresses gauge violations on finite quantum computers that discretize time through Trotterization. Our results firm up the robustness and feasibility of the local pseudogenerator as a viable tool for enforcing gauge invariance in modern quantum simulators and noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":"106"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11919730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diverse dynamics in interacting vortices systems through tunable conservative and non-conservative coupling strengths.","authors":"Alexandre Abbass Hamadeh, Abbas Koujok, Davi R Rodrigues, Alejandro Riveros, Vitaliy Lomakin, Giovanni Finocchio, Grégoire De Loubens, Olivier Klein, Philipp Pirro","doi":"10.1038/s42005-025-02006-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-025-02006-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Magnetic vortices are highly tunable, nonlinear systems with ideal properties for being applied in spin wave emission, data storage, and neuromorphic computing. However, their technological application is impaired by a limited understanding of non-conservative forces, that results in the open challenge of attaining precise control over vortex dynamics in coupled vortex systems. Here, we present an analytical model for the gyrotropic dynamics of coupled magnetic vortices within nano-pillar structures, revealing how conservative and non-conservative forces dictate their complex behavior. Validated by micromagnetic simulations, our model accurately predicts dynamic states, controllable through external current and magnetic field adjustments. The experimental verification in a fabricated nano-pillar device aligns with our predictions, and it showcases the system's adaptability in dynamical coupling. The unique dynamical states, combined with the system's tunability and inherent memory, make it an exemplary foundation for reservoir computing. This positions our discovery at the forefront of utilizing magnetic vortex dynamics for innovative computing solutions, marking a leap towards efficient data processing technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":"85"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11872732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlling noise with self-organized resetting.","authors":"Felix J Meigel, Steffen Rulands","doi":"10.1038/s42005-025-01985-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-025-01985-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biological systems often consist of a small number of constituents and are therefore inherently noisy. To function effectively, these systems must employ mechanisms to constrain the accumulation of noise. Such mechanisms have been extensively studied and comprise the constraint by external forces, nonlinear interactions, or the resetting of the system to a predefined state. Here, we propose a fourth paradigm for noise constraint: self-organized resetting, where the resetting rate and position emerge from self-organization through time-discrete interactions. We study general properties of self-organized resetting systems using the paradigmatic example of cooperative resetting, where random pairs of Brownian particles are reset to their respective average. We demonstrate that such systems undergo a delocalization phase transition, separating regimes of constrained and unconstrained noise accumulation. Additionally, we show that systems with self-organized resetting can adapt to external forces and optimize search behavior for reaching target values. Self-organized resetting has various applications in nature and technology, which we demonstrate in the context of sexual interactions in fungi and spatial dispersion in shared mobility services. This work opens routes into the application of self-organized resetting across various systems in biology and technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11813803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143413634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elf autoencoder for unsupervised exploration of flat-band materials using electronic band structure fingerprints.","authors":"Henry Kelbrick Pentz, Thomas Warford, Ivan Timokhin, Hongpeng Zhou, Qian Yang, Anupam Bhattacharya, Artem Mishchenko","doi":"10.1038/s42005-025-01936-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-025-01936-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two-dimensional materials with flat electronic bands are promising for realising exotic quantum phenomena such as unconventional superconductivity and nontrivial topology. However, exploring their vast chemical space is a significant challenge. Here we introduce elf, an unsupervised convolutional autoencoder that encodes electronic band structure images into fingerprint vectors, enabling the autonomous clustering of materials by electronic properties beyond traditional chemical paradigms. Unsupervised visualisation of the fingerprint space then uncovers hidden chemical trends and identifies promising candidates based on similarities to well-studied exemplars. This approach complements high-throughput ab initio methods by rapidly screening candidates and guiding further investigations into the mechanisms underlying flat-band physics. The elf autoencoder is a powerful tool for autonomous discovery of unexplored flat-band materials, enabling unbiased identification of compounds with desirable electronic properties across the 2D chemical space.</p>","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11756449/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analytical model of \"Electron-Only\" magnetic reconnection rates.","authors":"Yi-Hsin Liu, Prayash Pyakurel, Xiaocan Li, Michael Hesse, Naoki Bessho, Kevin Genestreti, Shiva B Thapa","doi":"10.1038/s42005-025-02034-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-025-02034-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"Electron-only\" reconnection, which is both uncoupled from the surrounding ions and much faster than standard reconnection, is arguably ubiquitous in turbulence. One critical step to understanding the rate in this novel regime is to model the outflow speed that limits the transport of the magnetic flux, which is super ion Alfvénic but significantly lower than the electron Alfvén speed based on the asymptotic reconnecting field. Here we develop a simple model to determine this limiting speed by taking into account the multiscale nature of reconnection, the Hall-mediated electron outflow speed, and the pressure buildup within the small system. The predicted scalings of rates and various key quantities compare well with fully kinetic simulations and can be useful for interpreting the observations of NASA's Magnetospheric-Multiscale (MMS) mission and other ongoing missions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":"128"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11961362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectroscopy of two-dimensional interacting lattice electrons using symmetry-aware neural backflow transformations.","authors":"Imelda Romero, Jannes Nys, Giuseppe Carleo","doi":"10.1038/s42005-025-01955-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-025-01955-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neural networks have shown to be a powerful tool to represent the ground state of quantum many-body systems, including fermionic systems. However, efficiently integrating lattice symmetries into neural representations remains a significant challenge. In this work, we introduce a framework for embedding lattice symmetries in fermionic wavefunctions and demonstrate its ability to target both ground states and low-lying excitations. Using group-equivariant neural backflow transformations, we study the <i>t</i>-<i>V</i> model on a square lattice away from half-filling. Our symmetry-aware backflow significantly improves ground-state energies and yields accurate low-energy excitations for lattices up to 10 × 10. We also compute accurate two-point density-correlation functions and the structure factor to identify phase transitions and critical points. These findings introduce a symmetry-aware framework important for studying quantum materials and phase transitions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11779646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143078810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct measurement of three different deformations near the ground state in an atomic nucleus.","authors":"Adrian Montes Plaza, Janne Pakarinen, Philippos Papadakis, Rolf-Dietmar Herzberg, Rauno Julin, Tomás R Rodríguez, Andrew D Briscoe, Andrés Illana, Joonas Ojala, Panu Ruotsalainen, Eetu Uusikylä, Betool Alayed, Ahmed Alharbi, Odette Alonso-Sañudo, Kalle Auranen, Ville Bogdanoff, Jamie Chadderton, Arwin Esmaylzadeh, Christoph Fransen, Tuomas Grahn, Paul T Greenlees, Jan Jolie, Henna Joukainen, Henri Jutila, Casper-David Lakenbrink, Matti Leino, Jussi Louko, Minna Luoma, Adam McCarter, Bondili Sreenivasa Nara Singh, Panu Rahkila, Andrea Raggio, Jorge Romero, Jan Sarén, Maria-Magdalini Satrazani, Marek Stryjczyk, Conor M Sullivan, Álvaro Tolosa-Delgado, Juha Uusitalo, Franziskus von Spee, Jessica Warbinek, George L Zimba","doi":"10.1038/s42005-024-01928-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-024-01928-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atomic nuclei serve as prime laboratories for investigations of complex quantum phenomena, where minor nucleon rearrangements cause significant structural changes. ¹⁹⁰Pb is the heaviest known neutron-deficient Pb isotope that can exhibit three distinct shapes: prolate, oblate, and spherical, with nearly degenerate excitation energies. Here we report on the combined results from three state-of-the-art measurements to directly observe these deformations in ¹⁹⁰Pb. Contrary to earlier interpretations, we associate the collective yrast band as predominantly oblate, while the non-yrast band with higher collectivity follows characteristics of more deformed, predominantly prolate bands. Direct measurement of the <math><mi>E</mi> <mn>0</mn> <mrow><mo>(</mo> <mrow> <msubsup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> <mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow> </msubsup> <mo>→</mo> <msubsup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow> <mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow> <mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> <mo>)</mo></mrow> </math> transition and <i>γ</i>-<i>e</i> ^- coincidence relations allowed us to locate and firmly assign the <math> <msubsup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> <mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow> </msubsup> </math> state in the level scheme and to discover a spherical <math> <msubsup><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> <mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow> <mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow> </msubsup> </math> state at 1281(1) keV with <math><mi>B</mi> <mrow><mo>(</mo> <mrow><mi>E</mi> <mn>2</mn> <mo>;</mo> <msubsup><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> <mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow> <mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow> </msubsup> <mo>→</mo> <msubsup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow> <mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow> <mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> <mo>)</mo></mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1.2</mn> <mrow><mo>(</mo> <mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow> <mo>)</mo></mrow> </math> W.u. These assignments are based purely on observed transition probabilities and monopole strength values, and do not rely on model calculations for their interpretation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11721533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the role of gravity in shaping intruder dynamics within vibrated granular media","authors":"Ke Cheng,&nbsp;Meiying Hou,&nbsp;Wei Sun,&nbsp;Zhihong Qiao,&nbsp;Xiang Li,&nbsp;Chufan Lai,&nbsp;Jinchao Yuan,&nbsp;Tuo Li,&nbsp;Fangfu Ye,&nbsp;Ke Chen,&nbsp;Mingcheng Yang","doi":"10.1038/s42005-024-01927-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-024-01927-9","url":null,"abstract":"Our experiments aboard the Chinese Space Station reveal a gravity-driven transition in intruder dynamics within vibrated granular media. While vibrations typically enable an intruder to ascend in a granular bed, low-gravity conditions induce it to descend under similar vibrations. Using a Hall-sensor array tracking method, we monitor the intruder’s movement throughout each vibration cycle and identified two competing mechanisms: inertia and gravity-dependent penetration. As gravity decreases, we observe a significant reduction in the scaled damping coefficient and hydrostatic pressure coefficient indicating that bed particles disperse more readily upon intruder impact, facilitating deeper penetration. Our findings highlight a critical transition from downward to upward motion of the intruder as vibration acceleration exceeds a threshold, which increases as gravity decreases. These insights into intruder dynamics in low-gravity environments have significant implications for asteroid exploration and lunar base construction, enhancing our understanding of the Brazil nut effect and the formation of planetesimal. Granular segregation may play a role in shaping the surface features of small celestial bodies such as asteroids that can be explained with the Brazil-nut effect. The authors study intruder dynamics in granular media on board the Chinese Space Station, finding that contrary to what occurs on Earth intruders tend to descend in microgravity conditions under specific vibration parameters","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-024-01927-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142890100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-third magnetization plateau in Quantum Kagome antiferromagnet","authors":"Moyu Kato,&nbsp;Yasuo Narumi,&nbsp;Katsuhiro Morita,&nbsp;Yoshitaka Matsushita,&nbsp;Shuhei Fukuoka,&nbsp;Satoshi Yamashita,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Nakazawa,&nbsp;Migaku Oda,&nbsp;Hiroaki Hayashi,&nbsp;Kazunari Yamaura,&nbsp;Masayuki Hagiwara,&nbsp;Hiroyuki K. Yoshida","doi":"10.1038/s42005-024-01922-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-024-01922-0","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of nontrivial quantum states from competing interactions is a central issue in quantum magnetism. In particular, for the realization of the quantum spin-liquid state, extensive studies have been conducted on frustrated systems, such as kagome antiferromagnets and Kitaev magnets. Novel quantum states in magnetic fields have remained elusive despite the prediction of rich physics. This can be attributed to material scarcity and the difficulty of precise measurements under ultra-high magnetic fields. Here, in this study, we develop the Kapellasite-type compound InCu3(OH)6Cl3, whose exchange interactions are in appropriate energy scale to comprehensively elucidate the magnetic properties of the frustrated S = 1/2 kagome antiferromagnet. The one-third magnetization plateau was clearly observed. Moreover, the large temperature-linear term in the heat capacity was observed in the magnetic fields, indicating the excitation of gapless quasiparticles in the vicinity of the plateau. These results shed light on the critical behaviors between quantum spin-liquid and -solid in kagome antiferromagnets under high magnetic fields. A range of non-trivial quantum phenomena can emerge from frustrated magnetic systems and a prime example is a quantum spin liquid. Here, the authors conduct specific heat and magnetization measurements on the Kapellasite-type compound InCu3(OH)6Cl3 in order to characterize and define the range of the magnetization plateau in this material.","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-024-01922-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142890103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}