Communications Physics最新文献

{"title":"Spectroscopy of two-dimensional interacting lattice electrons using symmetry-aware neural backflow transformations.","authors":"Imelda Romero, Jannes Nys, Giuseppe Carleo","doi":"10.1038/s42005-025-01955-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-025-01955-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neural networks have shown to be a powerful tool to represent the ground state of quantum many-body systems, including fermionic systems. However, efficiently integrating lattice symmetries into neural representations remains a significant challenge. In this work, we introduce a framework for embedding lattice symmetries in fermionic wavefunctions and demonstrate its ability to target both ground states and low-lying excitations. Using group-equivariant neural backflow transformations, we study the <i>t</i>-<i>V</i> model on a square lattice away from half-filling. Our symmetry-aware backflow significantly improves ground-state energies and yields accurate low-energy excitations for lattices up to 10 × 10. We also compute accurate two-point density-correlation functions and the structure factor to identify phase transitions and critical points. These findings introduce a symmetry-aware framework important for studying quantum materials and phase transitions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11779646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143078810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analytical model of \"Electron-Only\" magnetic reconnection rates.","authors":"Yi-Hsin Liu, Prayash Pyakurel, Xiaocan Li, Michael Hesse, Naoki Bessho, Kevin Genestreti, Shiva B Thapa","doi":"10.1038/s42005-025-02034-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-025-02034-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"Electron-only\" reconnection, which is both uncoupled from the surrounding ions and much faster than standard reconnection, is arguably ubiquitous in turbulence. One critical step to understanding the rate in this novel regime is to model the outflow speed that limits the transport of the magnetic flux, which is super ion Alfvénic but significantly lower than the electron Alfvén speed based on the asymptotic reconnecting field. Here we develop a simple model to determine this limiting speed by taking into account the multiscale nature of reconnection, the Hall-mediated electron outflow speed, and the pressure buildup within the small system. The predicted scalings of rates and various key quantities compare well with fully kinetic simulations and can be useful for interpreting the observations of NASA's Magnetospheric-Multiscale (MMS) mission and other ongoing missions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":"128"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11961362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Materials design for the synthesis of high strength radiopure copper alloys for rare event detection.","authors":"Dimitra Spathara, Patrick Knights, Konstantinos Nikolopoulos","doi":"10.1038/s42005-025-02363-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-025-02363-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Additive-free electroformed copper has emerged as the material of choice in exceptionally radiopure detectors for rare-event searches, based on its radiopurity, physical properties, and affordability. However, copper is ductile and of limited mechanical strength posing challenges for its use in future experiments. Electroformed copper-based alloys have been identified as a promising solution. However, their synthesis needs refining by exploring a complex parameter space of compositions and strengthening mechanisms. Here we show how a materials design approach may address current challenges and optimize alloy synthesis and processing. Alloy properties are predicted following thermal processing, using computational thermodynamics. The findings suggest a methodology to design high-performance, radiopure copper-based alloys suitable for next-generation rare-event experiments, while minimizing lengthy and expensive trial-and-error approaches. The impact on future experiments is exemplified through case-studies of the DarkSPHERE and XLZD experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":"464"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12642815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145602725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct measurement of three different deformations near the ground state in an atomic nucleus.","authors":"Adrian Montes Plaza, Janne Pakarinen, Philippos Papadakis, Rolf-Dietmar Herzberg, Rauno Julin, Tomás R Rodríguez, Andrew D Briscoe, Andrés Illana, Joonas Ojala, Panu Ruotsalainen, Eetu Uusikylä, Betool Alayed, Ahmed Alharbi, Odette Alonso-Sañudo, Kalle Auranen, Ville Bogdanoff, Jamie Chadderton, Arwin Esmaylzadeh, Christoph Fransen, Tuomas Grahn, Paul T Greenlees, Jan Jolie, Henna Joukainen, Henri Jutila, Casper-David Lakenbrink, Matti Leino, Jussi Louko, Minna Luoma, Adam McCarter, Bondili Sreenivasa Nara Singh, Panu Rahkila, Andrea Raggio, Jorge Romero, Jan Sarén, Maria-Magdalini Satrazani, Marek Stryjczyk, Conor M Sullivan, Álvaro Tolosa-Delgado, Juha Uusitalo, Franziskus von Spee, Jessica Warbinek, George L Zimba","doi":"10.1038/s42005-024-01928-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-024-01928-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atomic nuclei serve as prime laboratories for investigations of complex quantum phenomena, where minor nucleon rearrangements cause significant structural changes. ¹⁹⁰Pb is the heaviest known neutron-deficient Pb isotope that can exhibit three distinct shapes: prolate, oblate, and spherical, with nearly degenerate excitation energies. Here we report on the combined results from three state-of-the-art measurements to directly observe these deformations in ¹⁹⁰Pb. Contrary to earlier interpretations, we associate the collective yrast band as predominantly oblate, while the non-yrast band with higher collectivity follows characteristics of more deformed, predominantly prolate bands. Direct measurement of the <math><mi>E</mi> <mn>0</mn> <mrow><mo>(</mo> <mrow> <msubsup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> <mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow> </msubsup> <mo>→</mo> <msubsup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow> <mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow> <mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> <mo>)</mo></mrow> </math> transition and <i>γ</i>-<i>e</i> ^- coincidence relations allowed us to locate and firmly assign the <math> <msubsup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> <mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow> </msubsup> </math> state in the level scheme and to discover a spherical <math> <msubsup><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> <mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow> <mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow> </msubsup> </math> state at 1281(1) keV with <math><mi>B</mi> <mrow><mo>(</mo> <mrow><mi>E</mi> <mn>2</mn> <mo>;</mo> <msubsup><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> <mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow> <mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow> </msubsup> <mo>→</mo> <msubsup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow> <mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow> <mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> <mo>)</mo></mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1.2</mn> <mrow><mo>(</mo> <mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow> <mo>)</mo></mrow> </math> W.u. These assignments are based purely on observed transition probabilities and monopole strength values, and do not rely on model calculations for their interpretation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11721533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social polarization promoted by sparse higher-order interactions.","authors":"Hugo Pérez-Martínez, Santiago Lamata-Otín, Federico Malizia, Luis Mario Floría, Jesús Gómez-Gardeñes, David Soriano-Paños","doi":"10.1038/s42005-025-02413-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-025-02413-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many social interactions are group-based, yet their role in social polarization remains largely unexplored. To bridge this gap here we introduce a higher-order framework that takes into account both group interactions and homophily. We find that group interactions can strongly enhance polarization in sparse systems by limiting agents' exposure to dissenting views. Conversely, they can suppress polarization in fully connected societies, an effect that intensifies as the group size increases. Our results highlight that polarization depends not only on the homophily strength but also on the structure and microscopic arrangement of group interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":"507"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12805874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145997525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Few-fermion resonant tunneling and underbarrier trapping in asymmetric potentials.","authors":"Elvira Bilokon, Valeriia Bilokon, Dusty R Lindberg, Lev Kaplan, Andrii Sotnikov, Denys I Bondar","doi":"10.1038/s42005-025-02189-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-025-02189-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding quantum tunneling in many-body systems is crucial for advancing quantum technologies and nanoscale device design. Despite extensive studies of quantum tunneling, the role of interactions in determining directional transport through asymmetric barriers in discrete quantum systems remains unclear. Here we show that noninteracting fermions exhibit symmetric tunneling probabilities regardless of barrier orientation, while inter-particle interactions break this symmetry and create pronounced asymmetric tunneling behavior. We explore the dependence of tunneling behavior on the initial spin configurations of two spin-1/2 fermions: spin-triplet states preserve tunneling symmetry, while spin-singlet states show strong asymmetry. We identify regimes where interactions mediate tunneling through under-barrier resonant trapping and enhance tunneling via many-body resonant tunneling - a phenomenon arising solely from inter-particle interactions and being fundamentally different from traditional single-particle resonant tunneling. Our results may be applied to the design of nanoscale devices with tailored transport properties, such as diodes and memristors.</p>","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":"259"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12181076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144474150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Event-guided temporally super-resolved synchrotron X-ray imaging.","authors":"Hongjian Wang, Alexander Hadjiivanov, Emmanuel Blazquez, Christian M Schlepütz, Marco Stampanoni, Goran Lovric","doi":"10.1038/s42005-025-02142-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-025-02142-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Event cameras, as novel bio-inspired neuromorphic sensors, detect per-pixel brightness changes asynchronously. Despite their growing popularity in various applications, their potential in X-ray imaging remains largely unexplored. Synchrotron-based X-ray imaging plays a significant role in various fields of science, technology and medicine. However, time-resolved imaging still faces several challenges in achieving higher sampling rates and managing the substantial data volume. Here, we introduce an inline dual-camera setup, which leverages a high-speed CMOS camera and an event camera, aiming to temporally super-resolve the sampled frame data using sparse events. To process the data, frames and events are first aligned pixel-by-pixel using feature matching, and then used to train a deep-learning neural network. This network effectively integrates the two modalities to reconstruct the intermediate frames, achieving up to a 6-fold temporal upsampling. Our work demonstrates an event-guided temporal super-resolution approach in the X-ray imaging domain, which unlocks possibilities for future time-resolved experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":"222"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12119327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum coordinates, localisation of events, and the quantum hole argument.","authors":"Viktoria Kabel, Anne-Catherine de la Hamette, Luca Apadula, Carlo Cepollaro, Henrique Gomes, Jeremy Butterfield, Časlav Brukner","doi":"10.1038/s42005-025-02084-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-025-02084-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study of quantum reference frames (QRFs) is motivated by the idea of taking into account the quantum properties of the reference frames used, explicitly or implicitly, in our description of physical systems. Like classical reference frames, QRFs can be used to define physical quantities relationally. Unlike their classical analogue, they relativise the notions of superposition and entanglement. Here, we explain this feature by examining how configurations or locations are identified across different branches in superposition. We show that, in the presence of symmetries, whether a system is in \"the same\" or \"different\" configurations across the branches depends on the choice of QRF. Hence, sameness and difference - and thus superposition and entanglement - lose their absolute meaning. We apply these ideas to the context of semi-classical spacetimes in superposition and use coincidences of four scalar fields to construct a comparison map between spacetime points in the different branches. This reveals that the localisation of an event is frame-dependent. We discuss the implications for indefinite causal order and the locality of interaction and conclude with a generalisation of Einstein's hole argument to the quantum context.</p>","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":"185"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12040706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the role of gravity in shaping intruder dynamics within vibrated granular media","authors":"Ke Cheng,&nbsp;Meiying Hou,&nbsp;Wei Sun,&nbsp;Zhihong Qiao,&nbsp;Xiang Li,&nbsp;Chufan Lai,&nbsp;Jinchao Yuan,&nbsp;Tuo Li,&nbsp;Fangfu Ye,&nbsp;Ke Chen,&nbsp;Mingcheng Yang","doi":"10.1038/s42005-024-01927-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-024-01927-9","url":null,"abstract":"Our experiments aboard the Chinese Space Station reveal a gravity-driven transition in intruder dynamics within vibrated granular media. While vibrations typically enable an intruder to ascend in a granular bed, low-gravity conditions induce it to descend under similar vibrations. Using a Hall-sensor array tracking method, we monitor the intruder’s movement throughout each vibration cycle and identified two competing mechanisms: inertia and gravity-dependent penetration. As gravity decreases, we observe a significant reduction in the scaled damping coefficient and hydrostatic pressure coefficient indicating that bed particles disperse more readily upon intruder impact, facilitating deeper penetration. Our findings highlight a critical transition from downward to upward motion of the intruder as vibration acceleration exceeds a threshold, which increases as gravity decreases. These insights into intruder dynamics in low-gravity environments have significant implications for asteroid exploration and lunar base construction, enhancing our understanding of the Brazil nut effect and the formation of planetesimal. Granular segregation may play a role in shaping the surface features of small celestial bodies such as asteroids that can be explained with the Brazil-nut effect. The authors study intruder dynamics in granular media on board the Chinese Space Station, finding that contrary to what occurs on Earth intruders tend to descend in microgravity conditions under specific vibration parameters","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-024-01927-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142890100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-third magnetization plateau in Quantum Kagome antiferromagnet","authors":"Moyu Kato,&nbsp;Yasuo Narumi,&nbsp;Katsuhiro Morita,&nbsp;Yoshitaka Matsushita,&nbsp;Shuhei Fukuoka,&nbsp;Satoshi Yamashita,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Nakazawa,&nbsp;Migaku Oda,&nbsp;Hiroaki Hayashi,&nbsp;Kazunari Yamaura,&nbsp;Masayuki Hagiwara,&nbsp;Hiroyuki K. Yoshida","doi":"10.1038/s42005-024-01922-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42005-024-01922-0","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of nontrivial quantum states from competing interactions is a central issue in quantum magnetism. In particular, for the realization of the quantum spin-liquid state, extensive studies have been conducted on frustrated systems, such as kagome antiferromagnets and Kitaev magnets. Novel quantum states in magnetic fields have remained elusive despite the prediction of rich physics. This can be attributed to material scarcity and the difficulty of precise measurements under ultra-high magnetic fields. Here, in this study, we develop the Kapellasite-type compound InCu3(OH)6Cl3, whose exchange interactions are in appropriate energy scale to comprehensively elucidate the magnetic properties of the frustrated S = 1/2 kagome antiferromagnet. The one-third magnetization plateau was clearly observed. Moreover, the large temperature-linear term in the heat capacity was observed in the magnetic fields, indicating the excitation of gapless quasiparticles in the vicinity of the plateau. These results shed light on the critical behaviors between quantum spin-liquid and -solid in kagome antiferromagnets under high magnetic fields. A range of non-trivial quantum phenomena can emerge from frustrated magnetic systems and a prime example is a quantum spin liquid. Here, the authors conduct specific heat and magnetization measurements on the Kapellasite-type compound InCu3(OH)6Cl3 in order to characterize and define the range of the magnetization plateau in this material.","PeriodicalId":10540,"journal":{"name":"Communications Physics","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-024-01922-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142890103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}