Optical ReviewPub Date : 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1007/s10043-024-00907-2
J. Junker, A. Furuya, H. Kawai, M. Ueno, M. Date
{"title":"Time synchronization method of wireless distributed sensor node and its application for real-time dust monitoring","authors":"J. Junker, A. Furuya, H. Kawai, M. Ueno, M. Date","doi":"10.1007/s10043-024-00907-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-024-00907-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, we aim to conduct real-time sensing of indoor dust concentration distribution to mitigate the airborne transmission of coronaviruses. Airborne infection, facilitated by viruses present in particulate matter, emphasizes the importance of monitoring dust concentration as an indicator of virus spread. Our approach involves the implementation of a time-synchronized wireless sensor network for real-time sensing of dust concentration distribution. The time-synchronized wireless sensor network relies on a proposed time-synchronization algorithm, ensuring a time error of less than ± 1.27 ms. This precision enables the measurement of even fast-moving dust particles. To validate the feasibility of the wireless time-synchronized sensor network, we utilized a dust ejector (air cannon) and positioned time-synchronized sensors in a row. Dust particles released from the ejector passed through each time-synchronized sensor terminal. Simultaneously, a video recording (60 frames) was conducted, and the measured times of the time-synchronized sensor terminals were compared with the lap times of the video. The results of this comparison revealed identical lap times between the time-synchronized sensor data and the video, affirming the successful operation of the time-synchronized wireless distributed sensor node as designed.</p>","PeriodicalId":722,"journal":{"name":"Optical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142085065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical ReviewPub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1007/s10043-024-00911-6
Shengyi Liu, Duan Gao, Li Wang, Wenbin Song, Zhiliang Zhang, Peilin Du, Ying Zhu, Peijia Xiao, Qi Zhang
{"title":"Luminescence properties and temperature characteristics of Yb3+/Nd3+/Ho3+ triple doped BaGeTeO6 up-conversion phosphors under 980 nm excitation","authors":"Shengyi Liu, Duan Gao, Li Wang, Wenbin Song, Zhiliang Zhang, Peilin Du, Ying Zhu, Peijia Xiao, Qi Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10043-024-00911-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-024-00911-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>BaGeTeO<sub>6</sub>: Nd<sup>3+</sup>/Yb<sup>3+</sup>/Ho<sup>3+</sup> green up-conversion phosphors were synthesized using the high-temperature solid-state reaction method. The optimal doping concentrations for the three dopant ions Nd<sup>3+</sup>, Yb<sup>3+</sup>, and Ho<sup>3+</sup> were determined to be 1 mol%, 6 mol%, and 0.8 mol%, respectively, through the method of controlling variables. By analyzing the dependence of the up-conversion luminescence intensity on the pump current of the 980 nm laser, it was found that the green and red up-conversion emissions of Ho<sup>3+</sup> ions under 980 nm laser excitation were both two-photon processes. Furthermore, the influence of temperature on the up-conversion luminescent properties of BaGeTeO<sub>6</sub>: Nd<sup>3+</sup>/Yb<sup>3+</sup>/Ho<sup>3+</sup> green up-conversion phosphors under 980 nm laser excitation was investigated, and the temperature sensing properties of Ho<sup>3+</sup> ions were discussed. The results indicated that, at room temperature and higher temperatures, both the red and green up-conversion emissions of the sample were two-photon processes. Within the range of excitation current used in the experiment, the ratio of red to green up-conversion luminescence intensity of Ho<sup>3+</sup> ions was independent of the laser excitation current but correlated with the sample temperature. In the temperature range of 303–723 K, the ratio of red to green up-conversion luminescence intensity of Ho<sup>3+</sup> ions exhibited a nonlinear relationship with temperature. Comparing the temperature sensing sensitivity of Ho<sup>3+</sup> in different matrices, the results indicated that the sample possessed high temperature sensing sensitivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":722,"journal":{"name":"Optical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142042618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical ReviewPub Date : 2024-08-19DOI: 10.1007/s10043-024-00909-0
Xiaohui Xu, Xiaorui Xu
{"title":"Ultrahigh efficiency and ultralow threshold energy all-optical switch based on state transition of defective waveguide networks","authors":"Xiaohui Xu, Xiaorui Xu","doi":"10.1007/s10043-024-00909-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-024-00909-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A novel design of ultrahigh efficiency and ultralow threshold energy all-optical switches based on local state transition of complete-connected optical waveguide networks (CCOWNs) is proposed. The generation of the ultra-narrow transmission peak and the ultra-strong photonic localization in network is attributed to the mutation of states, which are significant improvements in the performance of all-optical switch. First, the ultra-strong photonic localization induces the Kerr effect in nonlinear material, which transforms the transmission peaks into a transmission valley and results in the super-high efficiency. The efficiency of switch based on CCOWN with 11 unit cell (UC) and each UC possessing 7 nodes was calculated and found to be approximately <span>(1.38 times 10^{39})</span>, which is 13 orders of magnitude better than previously reported. Furthermore, the ultra-strong photonic localization also leads to the ultralow threshold energy. Calculations reveal that the threshold control energy of all-optical switch based on CCOWN only with 7 UC and each UC possessing 5 nodes is about <span>(5.78 times 10^{-30})</span> J, which is 5 orders of magnitude smaller than the best reported results. In addition, fitting formulas for the transmission and switching efficiency with UC number have been derived, and the results show that the switching efficiency increased exponentially with the UC number and nodes. This study not only presents a new model for designing all-optical switch with outstanding performance, but also provides the possibility for further practical use of all-optical switch, while deepening our insight into optical waveguide networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":722,"journal":{"name":"Optical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142002838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical ReviewPub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1007/s10043-024-00905-4
Longxuan Lian, Lei Liu, Zhidong Wang, Zhihao Cao
{"title":"Study of Au nanoparticles adsorbed on InGaAs/InP thin films to improve optical absorption properties in the near-infrared band","authors":"Longxuan Lian, Lei Liu, Zhidong Wang, Zhihao Cao","doi":"10.1007/s10043-024-00905-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-024-00905-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we use FDTD Solutions software to construct the light-absorption model of InGaAs/InP thin films modified by Au nanoparticles. And the effects of Au nanoparticles on the light-absorption performance of thin films in the near-infrared wavelengths are investigated in terms of nanoparticle position, array period, and particle radius. And for the 1064 nm wavelength band, we obtain the optimal structural model. It has been shown that nanoparticle modification on the front side of the emission layer is the most effective in promoting light absorption; the resonance peaks formed by the surface plasmon excitations can greatly affect the light-absorption rate of Au nanoparticles adsorbed on the film, and the position of the absorption peaks can be changed by altering the array period and particle radius to achieve the enhancement of the film's absorption of light in a specific wavelength band. For the 1064 nm band, we obtain the best model, when the radius of Au NPs in the emission layer is 25 nm, and the model absorption with an array period of 150 nm is up to 84.85%, and the quantum efficiency is improved by one-third compared with the thin film. It provides a certain reference for the design of photocathode in the near-infrared band.</p>","PeriodicalId":722,"journal":{"name":"Optical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141909299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical ReviewPub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1007/s10043-024-00906-3
Yunxiao Chen, Fan Yang, Weiqiang Zhang, Ruihong Li, Dezhao Lin
{"title":"Designed edge-lit NIR planar marker for orthopedic surgical locators","authors":"Yunxiao Chen, Fan Yang, Weiqiang Zhang, Ruihong Li, Dezhao Lin","doi":"10.1007/s10043-024-00906-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-024-00906-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Orthopedic surgical robots utilize near-infrared (NIR) optical locators to enable precise navigation during operations. Markers are crucial in the locator system, capturing the positions and orientations of surgical instruments and patients during operation. While spherical markers can be easily detected, they are less robust owing to limited feature points. In contrast, planar markers offer more feature points and greater resistance to occlusion. However, the demanding nature of orthopedic surgeries necessitates specific requirements for NIR-based planar markers, such as size, illumination, weight, and heat dissipation. To address these challenges, we designed an edge-lit NIR calibration board (300 mm × 300 mm) to calibrate the constructed NIR camera, with its effectiveness validated through extensive experimental studies. Based on the fundamental design data obtained from the designed edge-lit NIR calibration board, and considering the luminous flux density and the available 12 V battery on the market, we proposed an edge-lit active NIR planar marker with dimensions of 70 mm × 60 mm and equipped with eight LEDs (1.5 V, 0.085 W each). The experiential data illustrates the max relative standard deviation are around 0.93% and 0.78% for the measurement precision subjected to 10 mm × 10 mm square (5 × 5 squares) with 16 and 36 feature points, respectively. Further, we validated the following from the experimental results: (1) A 12 V 1000 mAh alkaline battery has an autonomy of approximately 16 h for the eight NIR LEDs. (2) The total heat energy conversion of 0.408 W for the marker is within acceptable limits for use in an operation room. (3) The total weight of approximately 21.6 g, including the planar marker and the selected battery, is manageable. Therefore, the designed edge-lit active NIR planar marker presents a viable option for integration into the locator system of orthopedic surgical robots.</p>","PeriodicalId":722,"journal":{"name":"Optical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141904437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical ReviewPub Date : 2024-08-05DOI: 10.1007/s10043-024-00903-6
Thien An Nguyen, Jaejin Lee
{"title":"Parallel detection structure exploiting the extrinsic information from the serial detection in the holographic data storage system","authors":"Thien An Nguyen, Jaejin Lee","doi":"10.1007/s10043-024-00903-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-024-00903-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The major concern in signal processing for holographic data storage (HDS) systems is the two-dimensional (2D) inter-symbol interference (ISI), which arises from neighboring pixels in every direction on the data page of HDS systems. Recently, serial–parallel detection has been proposed for bit-patterned media recording (BPMR). We have realized that the serial–parallel detection structure is more suitable for HDS systems than BPMR systems, because, unlike BPMR systems, the interferences in HDS systems from horizontal and vertical directions are equal. Therefore, the serial–parallel structure for HDS systems can extract better bit-error-rate performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":722,"journal":{"name":"Optical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141891727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical ReviewPub Date : 2024-08-05DOI: 10.1007/s10043-024-00900-9
Masaki Tamura, Naruki Kurokawa, Atsushi Hotta
{"title":"Application of low-birefringence polystyrene in high-resolution imaging-lens systems","authors":"Masaki Tamura, Naruki Kurokawa, Atsushi Hotta","doi":"10.1007/s10043-024-00900-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-024-00900-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Polystyrene (PS) has not been much used as an optical material due to the considerably high birefringence of PS. For the extensive use of PS in the imaging-lens systems, lower birefringence should be attained for the enhancement of the resolution. Previously, we have developed PS with extremely low birefringence (LB-PS) even when the molecular chain orientation of PS occurred. It indicates that PS may now become an effective material with excellent properties for optical lenses. In this paper, we compared the birefringence of our developed LB-PS with ones of commercial optical polymers that are most commonly utilized in imaging-lens systems. It was confirmed that the birefringence of LB-PS was comparable or even better than that of the commercial ones with high resolution. By designing an imaging-lens system, it was also confirmed that employing PS with the Abbe number of 31.5 could be highly effective in compensating for chromatic aberration as well as obtaining high optical resolution. Moreover, the resolution performance of several lens systems was calculated, analyzed, and compared by considering the birefringence of cyclo-olefin polymer (COP), normal PS, and LB-PS. It was found that LB-PS could maintain high resolution, while normal PS with high birefringence exhibited significant decrease in resolution. It was also found that LB-PS generated higher resolution than COP. All these results revealed that LB-PS could be an excellent optical material to compensate for the chromatic aberration of lens systems, leading to the enhancement of the actual resolution performance. It was, therefore, expected that LB-PS could contribute to improving the resolution performance of smartphone cameras and security cameras.</p>","PeriodicalId":722,"journal":{"name":"Optical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141891731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical ReviewPub Date : 2024-08-05DOI: 10.1007/s10043-024-00901-8
JunJie Sun
{"title":"Design of long focal length terahertz optical system","authors":"JunJie Sun","doi":"10.1007/s10043-024-00901-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-024-00901-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Terahertz imaging has significant development prospects in terahertz technology due to its strong penetration and high spatial resolution. Currently, optical system designs are generally limited to the visible light range. To design an optical system suitable for terahertz imaging, an analysis of optical materials and system structures has been conducted. TPX (4-methylpentene-1) material and inverse telephoto structure were selected as the design basis. A terahertz optical system with a full field angle of 50°, a relative aperture of 1/4 and a focal length of 100 mm is designed using ZEMAX. The optimization results show that the root mean square radius of the spot in each field of view is smaller than the airy disk radius, indicating good imaging quality of the system.</p>","PeriodicalId":722,"journal":{"name":"Optical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141891729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical ReviewPub Date : 2024-08-05DOI: 10.1007/s10043-024-00894-4
Lóránt Tibor Csőke, Evangelos Skoulas, Zsolt Kollár
{"title":"Optical configurations for applying antireflective nanotexture on spherical lenses by ultrashort laser structuring","authors":"Lóránt Tibor Csőke, Evangelos Skoulas, Zsolt Kollár","doi":"10.1007/s10043-024-00894-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-024-00894-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper focuses on minimizing the optical reflection on spherical fused silica lenses using femtosecond (fs) laser nanostructuring. A unique type of nanopillar formation has been observed on <span>(textrm{SiO}_2)</span> surfaces possessing antireflective properties when irradiated with a specific number of overlapping pulses, polarization, and fluence levels. Maintaining precise control over these sensitive technological parameters such as defocus and incident angle during the processing of geometrically complex shapes presents a significant challenge. This study proposes a theoretical optical arrangement to address this limitation by the design of a custom scanner system optimized for curved surfaces. The paper details the optimization process of such a bent image space (inverse-hypercentric) optical system using Zemax OpticStudio. Although the practical realization of the arrangement has not been performed, simulations are conducted to prove the functionality of the concept. Furthermore, we propose a practical method for segmented structuring of spherical surfaces based on consecutive repositioning and irradiation using an industrial robotic arm. By constructing the optical model, the necessary resolution of the segmentation has been calculated for a typical F-Theta scanner system and experimental verification has been performed.</p>","PeriodicalId":722,"journal":{"name":"Optical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141891728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Miniature wide angle optical system with freeform lens","authors":"Changlun Hou, Ying Yu, Dongbiao Zhang, Xia Liu, Kangkang Jin, Zhen Shi, Jufeng Zhao, Guangmang Cui","doi":"10.1007/s10043-024-00902-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-024-00902-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Miniature camera modules are widely used in mobile electronic devices such as mobile phones, personal digital assistants or tablet computers. The introduction of freeform surface in imaging systems provides numerous opportunities for enhanced performance, compactness and lightweight packaging. In this paper, we proposed a wide-angle, low-distortion and large-aperture optical system with freeform lens. A 110°full field of view, 1/1.8″ sensor size, 1.8 F number, 6.35 mm total track length (TTL) wide-angle high-resolution miniature camera lens was developed. The prototype exhibits a novel solution for wide-angle, ultra-short TTL lens in the application such as mobile phone cameras, wearable imaging systems and endoscopic systems<b>.</b></p>","PeriodicalId":722,"journal":{"name":"Optical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141764071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}