Optical ReviewPub Date : 2025-02-16DOI: 10.1007/s10043-024-00940-1
Wenguo Li, Yuyang Yan, Hongjun Lin, Zeqian Feng
{"title":"Three-dimensional surface structure reconstruction of reflective objects using multi-stage deep learning","authors":"Wenguo Li, Yuyang Yan, Hongjun Lin, Zeqian Feng","doi":"10.1007/s10043-024-00940-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-024-00940-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the development of deep learning and structured light streak projection techniques in three-dimensional (3D) imaging, research on the direct reconstruction of 3D shapes from single-streak images has attracted much attention. However, accurately reconstructing 3D shapes is particularly challenging when dealing with objects with specular reflective surfaces. To address this problem, this paper proposes an innovative multi-stage deep learning method that combines the pix2pix adversarial network and a modified version of the DC-HNet architecture. The technique aims to accurately reconstruct 3D shapes from streaked images by eliminating highlights in specular reflection regions through a staged process first. Specifically, the pix2pix adversarial network is first used to eliminate highlights and generate streak images without specular reflections; subsequently, the improved DC-HNet network is further processed to accurately deduce the phase distribution information of the object from the streak images with the elimination of highlights, and then reconstruct the 3D shape. Compared with the traditional self-encoder-based convolutional neural network (CNN) model, the multi-stage approach proposed in this paper significantly improves the accuracy of 3D shape reconstruction by separating the two key steps of highlight elimination and phase derivation and combining them with multi-scale feature enhancement. In this paper, the method’s effectiveness is verified on experimental data, and the results show that the proposed method provides a significant improvement in 3D shape prediction accuracy compared with the existing U-Net network and MultiResUet network. These findings not only demonstrate the innovation and robustness of the proposed method but also show its potential in scientific research and engineering applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":722,"journal":{"name":"Optical Review","volume":"80 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Novel hexagonal form factor of chromaticity distribution of color speckle","authors":"Junichi Kinoshita, Kazuo Kuroda, Kazuhisa Yamamoto","doi":"10.1007/s10043-024-00936-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-024-00936-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Novel hexagonal form factor for evaluating chromaticity distribution of color speckle using red, green, and blue lasers is proposed. The measured color speckle distribution data were plotted on CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram. Only the small amount of outer rim data was extracted from the whole data of the chromaticity distribution to introduce the novel form factor. Specifically, the highest 1% and the lowest 1% of each of red, green, and blue monochromatic speckle data were picked up to form six outer rim regions. The average chromaticity coordinates of the six regions corresponding to hexagonal apexes are appropriate for evaluating the form factor of the chromaticity distributions, clarifying the distinctive difference between the measured and the calculated color speckle distributions.</p>","PeriodicalId":722,"journal":{"name":"Optical Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Image distortion correction based on partial polynomial model for a large-array photon-counting detector","authors":"Yue Li, Lizhi Sheng, Yong’an Liu, Ruili Zhang, Xianghui Yang, Zhe Liu, Yalong Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10043-025-00944-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-025-00944-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A microchannel plates (MCPs) photon-counting detector with a cross-delay line (XDL) is expected for high-quality and wide-field target imaging. However, it is a great challenge for the uniformity of system response as the increasing of effective detection area. In this article, we develop a XDL photon-counting detector with a wide field of 120 mm × 50 mm. Additionally, we investigate the origin of image distortion and propose a partial polynomial correction method to alleviate it. The experimental results show that the drift correction index is improved by around 60% under the proposed method, which confirms that the partial polynomial correction method has general applicability and high efficiency in addressing distortion issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":722,"journal":{"name":"Optical Review","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical ReviewPub Date : 2025-02-12DOI: 10.1007/s10043-025-00951-6
Kensuke Tamano, Shiro Suyama, Hirotsugu Yamamoto
{"title":"Perceived rotation angle and depth position of face-like illustrations with inverted concave depth positions in arc 3D display","authors":"Kensuke Tamano, Shiro Suyama, Hirotsugu Yamamoto","doi":"10.1007/s10043-025-00951-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-025-00951-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>3D displays sometimes evoke illusion of perceived rotation angle change. In hollow face illusion, the direction of the 3D face changes according to the observation angle although the 3D face itself is static. Arc 3D display can show simple 3D image that is visible over a wide viewing angle by use of a thin substrate and illumination light. This structure is suitable for various applications such as digital signage or entertainments with illusion. If rotational perception like hollow face illusion would be obtained by simple aerial images like simple illustrations, application zone could be expanded to various field, such as animation or marks. To investigate the addition of rotation perception in 3D image with arc 3D display, we study perceived rotation angle of face-like illustration with inverted concave depth. In this paper, we quantitatively investigate the perceived rotation angle of the face image due to changing observation position and perceived depth position of face-like parts. The perceived rotation of the face image illustration can be achieved although the perceived depth of the face-like parts has various values by subject.</p>","PeriodicalId":722,"journal":{"name":"Optical Review","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An ultra-broadband polarization filter and a stable temperature sensor based on a square-lattice gold-coated PCF with a different material-infiltrated core","authors":"Linghong Jiang, Jing Dai, Chao Wang, Shi Qiu, Wei Wang, Lantian Hou","doi":"10.1007/s10043-024-00934-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-024-00934-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A simple photonic crystal fiber (PCF) arranged in a square geometry with two gold-coated air holes and one material-infiltrated core is proposed. A broadband polarization filter and a temperature sensor can be achieved based on the same simple PCF structure, with a hollow core separately filled with liquid crystal and toluene. The polarization filtering and sensing properties of the proposed PCF were studied using the finite element method (FEM). Numerically results show that variations in the diameter of both the liquid crystal-infiltrated central hole and the cladding air holes have a slight effect on the polarization filter characteristics. The polarization filter can be effectively tuned in terms of the central wavelength, crosstalk, and bandwidth by adjusting the thickness of the gold film. The proposed PCF polarization filter with <i>t</i> = 22.5 nm has achieved a wide bandwidth of 1850 nm across wavelengths ranging from 1.2 to 3.05 μm for a fiber length of 50 μm, achieving a high value of polarization loss ratio (PLR) of 28,717 at λ = 1.31 μm with losses of 1723 dB/cm for <i>y</i>-polarization and 0.06 dB/cm for <i>x</i>-polarization. The <i>y</i>-polarized core mode in this design with <i>t</i> = 10 nm is rapidly attenuated, experiencing losses larger than 1340 dB/cm over wavelengths ranging from 1.9 to 3.0 μm; it also exhibits a bandwidth of 2200 nm with crosstalk greater than 20 dB when using a fiber length of 50 μm at wavelengths above 1.5 μm. Furthermore, a temperature sensor that utilizes toluene as its core material exhibits a consistent average sensitivity of 6.68 nm/°C for <i>y</i>-polarization and can detect temperatures ranging from − 10 to 40 °C. The sensor maintains stable sensitivity within ± 1% fluctuation of the gold film thickness in the sensing range of − 10 to 40 °C.</p>","PeriodicalId":722,"journal":{"name":"Optical Review","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143375148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical ReviewPub Date : 2025-02-05DOI: 10.1007/s10043-025-00948-1
Junpei Sano, Naoya Koizumi
{"title":"Truncated cylindrical array plate for mid-air imaging","authors":"Junpei Sano, Naoya Koizumi","doi":"10.1007/s10043-025-00948-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-025-00948-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mid-air imaging, a visual display technology for augmented reality (AR) that enables multiple people to view images simultaneously without the need for special eyewear, involves the formation of real images in mid-air through various optical elements. This paper presents a novel mid-air imaging optical plate, termed the truncated cylindrical array plate (TCAP). TCAP is composed of transparent cylinders with obliquely truncated ends and mirrors, specifically designed to address issues such as stray light and limited viewing angles in existing mid-air imaging optical elements. We evaluated TCAP through computer simulations and by fabricating a prototype optical element. Ray tracing simulations and stereo matching algorithms demonstrated that mid-air images are symmetrically formed on the side opposite of the light source relative to the TCAP. Furthermore, the simulations indicated that a bright, stray-light-free mid-air image could be achieved within a horizontal viewing angle of approximately <span>(pm , 40 ^circ )</span>. Experimental evaluation using a handcrafted prototype further confirmed the plane symmetry of mid-air image formation, validating its functionality as a mid-air imaging element. The proposed method is advantageous in systems where stray light is problematic, such as mid-air image interaction systems or optical systems utilizing mid-air imaging elements.</p>","PeriodicalId":722,"journal":{"name":"Optical Review","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143192364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical ReviewPub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1007/s10043-025-00950-7
Thomas M. Mercier, Isao Tomita, Martin D. B. Charlton
{"title":"BaTiO3/Si-hybrid slot-waveguide electro-optic modulator","authors":"Thomas M. Mercier, Isao Tomita, Martin D. B. Charlton","doi":"10.1007/s10043-025-00950-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-025-00950-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electro-optic (EO) modulators are crucial components to generate high-speed photonic signals in the modern photonic communication system. Here we study the performance of a hybrid EO modulator employing a Si slot waveguide and a BaTiO<sub>3</sub> layer, where the EO effect of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> is stronger than that of widely used LiNbO<span>(_3)</span>. We demonstrate that an appropriate design for the slot waveguide, the BaTiO<span>(_3)</span> layer, and doped Si connectors to metal contacts can achieve a low voltage-length product <span>(V_pi L)</span> of 0.16 V cm, a wide modulation bandwidth of 50 GHz, and a small propagation loss of <span>(<1)</span> dB/cm simultaneously. These values indicate efficient use of the proposed modulator in the photonic communication system.</p>","PeriodicalId":722,"journal":{"name":"Optical Review","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical ReviewPub Date : 2025-02-03DOI: 10.1007/s10043-025-00949-0
Jianglian Wang, Atsushi Okamoto, Yuta Goto, Akihisa Tomita
{"title":"Achieving higher spatial resolution in complex amplitude modulation using a pixel shift-based dual-phase modulation method","authors":"Jianglian Wang, Atsushi Okamoto, Yuta Goto, Akihisa Tomita","doi":"10.1007/s10043-025-00949-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-025-00949-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper proposes a novel pixel shift-based dual-phase modulation method (PS-DPMM) designed to enhance the spatial resolution of complex amplitude modulations. Conventional techniques, including off-axis computer-generated holograms (CGH), double-phase holograms (DPH), and kinoforms, often encounter issues like low diffraction efficiency, limited spatial resolution, and high speckle noise. Although the dual-phase modulation method (DPMM), which employs two spatial light modulators (SLMs), achieves high diffraction efficiency, its spatial resolution is constrained by the intrinsic pixel size and resolution of the SLM. To overcome this limitation, we propose the PS-DPMM, an extension of the DPMM that introduces a 1/2-pixel shift between two SLMs. Although this sacrifices a portion of the modulation performance, it effectively improves the spatial resolution of complex amplitude modulation by nearly doubling. Through numerical simulations and experimental validation, we demonstrate that the PS-DPMM attains almost twice the spatial resolution of conventional methods while maintaining a relatively high-quality modulation. This approach provides a promising solution for advancing high-spatial-resolution SLM-based complex amplitude modulation with potential applications in holographic displays, fiber-optic systems, and other fields requiring high spatial resolution wavefront control.</p>","PeriodicalId":722,"journal":{"name":"Optical Review","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143077580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical ReviewPub Date : 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1007/s10043-025-00947-2
Mei Li, Shu Chun Qu
{"title":"Numerical simulations of optimized MSD multiplication on ternary optical computer","authors":"Mei Li, Shu Chun Qu","doi":"10.1007/s10043-025-00947-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-025-00947-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Multiplication is a fundamental operation in computer systems but is often constrained by the carry-delay inherent to conventional addition methods. Ternary optical computing offers an efficient solution, leveraging its advantages such as large data capacity, reconfigurable processing, and MSD adder without carry-delay. This study introduces and develops a modified signed digit (MSD) multiplication routine. The proposed MSD multiplication algorithm is thoroughly analyzed, employing M-transformations to generate partial products and an optimization method designed to minimize processing time. The final product is computed using an MSD adder with four transformations: T, T', W, and W', to aggregate all partial products. Additionally, a pipelining strategy is introduced to further enhance performance. The routine’s construction steps are outlined, followed by extensive simulation experiments to validate its accuracy. The results demonstrate strong consistency and alignment with theoretical predictions. Finally, a comparative analysis with traditional electronic computers indicates superior performance of the proposed MSD multiplication routine.</p>","PeriodicalId":722,"journal":{"name":"Optical Review","volume":"206 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143050334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical ReviewPub Date : 2025-01-24DOI: 10.1007/s10043-025-00946-3
Shunsuke Sakoda, Tomoya Nakamura, Yasushi Yagi
{"title":"Super-resolution human-silhouette imaging by joint optimization of coded illumination and reconstruction network: a simulation study","authors":"Shunsuke Sakoda, Tomoya Nakamura, Yasushi Yagi","doi":"10.1007/s10043-025-00946-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-025-00946-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In surveillance camera systems and other human-image analysis systems, it is important to measure human shapes with high resolution. However, the spatial resolution and image quality achievable through approaches based solely on optical design and image processing are fundamentally limited by hardware constraints and the inherent difficulty of the inverse problems involved. To overcome these limitations, we propose a super resolution imaging system for human silhouettes based on a jointly-optimized design involving coded illumination patterns and reconstruction networks. Our proposed method allows for the acquisition of human silhouette data with improved sampling resolution without modifying the camera hardware. We quantitatively demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed method through simulations and also through optical experiments using a projector and a camera.</p>","PeriodicalId":722,"journal":{"name":"Optical Review","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}