{"title":"Data-driven forward mapping with statistical agreement in multimode fiber imaging","authors":"Nanami Yoshida, Kanami Ikeda, Osanori Koyama, Makoto Yamada","doi":"10.1007/s10043-026-01071-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10043-026-01071-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In multimode fiber (MMF)-based imaging, complex speckle patterns form at the output end because of multimode interference. The input–output relationship of an MMF can be described by a transmission matrix, which strongly depends on the experimental environment and presents implementation constraints. Although deep-learning-based reconstruction methods demonstrate high reconstruction performance, they require large amounts of experimentally measured paired data, and their performance strongly depends on the characteristics of training data. In this study, we treated the MMF input–output relationship as an effective intensity-domain mapping and investigated the feasibility of approximating this mapping while preserving the statistical agreement with experimental speckle images. Using experimentally measured pairs of input images and output speckle images, we trained a U-Net-based input-to-speckle (ItoS) forward model. Quantitative evaluation revealed reasonable statistical agreement between generated and experimental speckle images in terms of intensity distribution, speckle contrast statistics, and spatial correlation. Furthermore, training the speckle-to-image inverse model using the speckle images generated by the trained ItoS forward model improved the reconstruction performance under the evaluated conditions, indicating that the generated speckle images can provide complementary support for inverse-model training. These results experimentally demonstrated that a deep-learning model can achieve a data-driven approximation of forward mapping with useful statistical agreement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":722,"journal":{"name":"Optical Review","volume":"33 3","pages":"532 - 540"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148538174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of the luminescent properties of Sm3+ ion-doped BiVO4 synthesized via the hydrothermal method","authors":"Kuo-Da Chou, Lay-Gaik Teoh, Jian-Syun Chen, Yee-Shin Chang","doi":"10.1007/s10043-026-01074-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10043-026-01074-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>BiVO<sub>4</sub> phosphors doped with different concentrations of Sm<sup>3+</sup> ions (1, 3, 5, and 7 mol%) were prepared by the hydrothermal synthesis method and heat-treated at 160 °C for 12 h. X-ray diffraction results show that when Sm<sup>3+</sup> ions replace Bi<sup>3+</sup> ions at lattice sites, no second phase is formed in BiVO<sub>4</sub> as the Sm<sup>3+</sup> doping concentration increases, and the monoclinic crystal structure is maintained. With increasing Sm<sup>3+</sup> doping concentration, the phosphor powders exhibit irregular particle morphology, and the particle sizes are non-uniform. Regarding the photoluminescence properties, the emission spectra are mainly composed of the characteristic emission peaks of Sm<sup>3+</sup> ions, corresponding to the electronic transitions at 566 nm (<sup>4</sup>G<sub>5/2</sub> → <sup>6</sup>H<sub>5/2</sub>), 605 nm (<sup>4</sup>G<sub>5/2</sub> → <sup>6</sup>H<sub>7/2</sub>), and 648 nm (<sup>4</sup>F<sub>9/2</sub> → <sup>6</sup>H<sub>9/2</sub>). As the Sm<sup>3+</sup> concentration increases, the emission intensity of the 604 nm peak (<sup>4</sup>G<sub>5/2</sub> → <sup>6</sup>H<sub>7/2</sub>) first increases and then decreases. When the Sm<sup>3+</sup> doping concentration is 3 mol%, the phosphor exhibits the optimal emission intensity with CIE chromaticity coordinates are (x = 0.301, y = 0.374), which are located in the near-white light region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":722,"journal":{"name":"Optical Review","volume":"33 4","pages":"575 - 582"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical ReviewPub Date : 2026-07-16DOI: 10.1007/s10043-026-01073-3
Xun Zhou, Ling Xu, Jiangbo Chen
{"title":"Bidirectional phase–normal consistency for single-shot 3D shape recovery via FPP–SfP fusion","authors":"Xun Zhou, Ling Xu, Jiangbo Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10043-026-01073-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10043-026-01073-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-speed and high-accuracy 3D shape recovery is essential for online industrial inspection and robotic perception. Single-shot fringe projection profilometry (FPP) enables instantaneous acquisition, yet suffers from severe absolute-phase/fringe-order ambiguity induced by the <span>(2pi )</span> periodicity. Shape from polarization (SfP) provides dense surface normals and fine local details, but is vulnerable to noise in low-DoLP regions and exhibits intrinsic <span>(pi )</span>-ambiguity in azimuth together with low-frequency geometric drift. To address these complementary failure modes, we propose a Phase–Normal Collaborative Network (PNC-Net) that deeply fuses FPP and SfP under a unified physics-consistency framework. PNC-Net adopts a dual-branch encoder with multi-scale interactions and introduces a bidirectional geometric consistency loss with a symmetric stop-gradient mechanism, enabling cross-teaching between the two modalities: the global phase trend from FPP acts as a geometric anchor to disambiguate polarization normals and suppress low-frequency distortions, while the polarization-derived normals provide high-frequency differential constraints to correct local phase-jump errors and texture-induced artifacts in single-shot phase unwrapping. To ensure robust generalization, we build a large-scale hybrid dataset combining physics-based rendering and real-world acquisition. Extensive experiments demonstrate that PNC-Net achieves state-of-the-art performance on absolute phase, surface normals, and depth, reducing depth RMSE by 39.3% and normal angular error by 38.4% compared with representative single-shot paradigms, while maintaining an inference latency of about 3 ms for real-time 3D recovery.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":722,"journal":{"name":"Optical Review","volume":"33 3","pages":"504 - 517"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical ReviewPub Date : 2026-07-16DOI: 10.1007/s10043-026-01065-3
Esraa A. Al-Oubidy, Mohammed A. Hameed, Tawfiq S. Mahdi
{"title":"Visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol using Au-doped TiO₂ thin films fabricated by DC reactive co-sputtering","authors":"Esraa A. Al-Oubidy, Mohammed A. Hameed, Tawfiq S. Mahdi","doi":"10.1007/s10043-026-01065-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10043-026-01065-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this investigation, gold-doped titanium dioxide (Au-doped TiO₂) nanostructures have been fabricated using DC reactive magnetron co-sputtering with varying Ar: O₂ mixing ratios. The films’ structural, morphological and optical properties were examined by XRD, FTIR, FE-SEM and UV-visible methods. The metallic Au NPs produced peaks that corresponds to the TiO<sub>2</sub>-rutile phase and TiO<sub>2</sub>-anatase phase. FTIR spectra confirm the presence of hydroxyl groups and vibrational groups such as TiO and TiO-Ti. Optical measurements indicating a narrowing of the band gap and redshift of the absorption edge from 390 nm to 430 nm, TiO₂ films that were doped with gold were found to be effective in the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol. Study shows enhancement of photocatalytic activity due to the synergistic effects of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) from metallic Au nanoparticles and interfacial state-mediated visible-light absorption, along with effective separation of charges.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":722,"journal":{"name":"Optical Review","volume":"33 3","pages":"457 - 463"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical ReviewPub Date : 2026-07-16DOI: 10.1007/s10043-026-01064-4
Yuanyuan Xu, Yiru Fan, Yining Wang, Wanxiang Wang, Ying Ji
{"title":"Efficient phase imaging method with blind phase shifts based on fast average operation","authors":"Yuanyuan Xu, Yiru Fan, Yining Wang, Wanxiang Wang, Ying Ji","doi":"10.1007/s10043-026-01064-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10043-026-01064-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The efficiency of phase imaging is critical to the real-time imaging of phase objects. In this paper, based on the fast average operation, an efficient phase imaging method with blind phase shifts is proposed. In this work, the intensity difference of every two phase-shifted interferograms is calculated first, and then the average of its square is calculated under the assumption of phase random operation. Subsequently, the blind phase shifts can be calculated efficiently. Finally, the measured phase is obtained. This method is simpler and faster than traditional algorithms since the complex calculations or iterative operations are unnecessary. Moreover, the phase shift can be any value within the principal range <span>((0,2pi ))</span>. Simulation and experimental results verify the feasibility of this proposed method, and also verify that this method is applicable not only to an open straight pattern, but also to a closed circular pattern.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":722,"journal":{"name":"Optical Review","volume":"33 3","pages":"448 - 456"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical ReviewPub Date : 2026-07-13DOI: 10.1007/s10043-026-01045-7
Hiroshi Kanno
{"title":"Optical principles of high-speed fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy for flow cytometry","authors":"Hiroshi Kanno","doi":"10.1007/s10043-026-01045-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10043-026-01045-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) has emerged as a powerful tool in biology and medicine, as it can circumvent experimental artifacts inherent to conventional fluorescence-intensity-based measurements. However, FLIM has traditionally suffered from limited imaging speed, primarily due to the requirement for time-resolved fluorescence detection. Recently, we developed a high-speed FLIM approach and demonstrated the acquisition of more than 10,000 cell images per second. This review introduces the key optical aspects underlying this high-speed FLIM to a broad readership. Specifically, simultaneous multi-point fluorescence lifetime measurement is achieved by generating and exploiting spatially dispersed, intensity-modulated dual-beam arrays. This unique excitation scheme enables efficient acceleration of FLIM while mitigating frequency-dependent bias arising from multi-component fluorescence lifetimes. The developed high-speed FLIM and FLIM-based flow cytometry are expected to serve as versatile imaging platforms for a wide range of biomedical applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":722,"journal":{"name":"Optical Review","volume":"33 3","pages":"555 - 563"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10043-026-01045-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148428864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical ReviewPub Date : 2026-07-13DOI: 10.1007/s10043-026-01066-2
Sarah H. Ali, Amel H. Daood, Amel S. Saber, Omer A. Ahmad, Hiyam F. Kadem
{"title":"Optimization of silicon thickness and wavelength for high-sensitivity Au/Si Bi-layer SPR biosensors: a MATLAB simulation study","authors":"Sarah H. Ali, Amel H. Daood, Amel S. Saber, Omer A. Ahmad, Hiyam F. Kadem","doi":"10.1007/s10043-026-01066-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10043-026-01066-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) has been of intense interest in biomedical sensing due to its application in single-molecule detection for medical diagnosis. In this work, MATLAB software was used for the quantitative analysis of an SPR structure. The structure consists of a silicon (Si) layer with different thicknesses (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 nm) deposited on top of a 50 nm thick gold (Au) layer, which is itself deposited on an N-LASF9 glass prism. Air (<i>n</i> = 1) was used as the sensing medium. Three working wavelengths were used: 500, 600, and 700 nm. The purpose of this study is to determine the SPR resonance angle (θ<sub>SPR</sub>) from reflectance and absorption curves plotted as a function of the angle of incidence (θ<sub>incid</sub>). The sensor sensitivity (S) is then determined from the results. The simulations effectively detected alterations in the parameters of reflectance, R<sub>min</sub> (minimum reflectance) and FWH (Full Width at Half). The parameters that yielded a reflectance value of 0.02 were observed at a wavelength of 700 nm, with a silicon thickness of 10 nm, a gold thickness of 50 nm. Additionally, the FWH is the best with a silicon thickness of 10 nm, a gold thickness of 50 nm and its value is 4.49, the sensitivity reached its maximum value156.25°/RIU when the silicon layer thickness was 10 nm and a wavelength of 700 nm was used.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":722,"journal":{"name":"Optical Review","volume":"33 3","pages":"464 - 470"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148428890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical ReviewPub Date : 2026-07-13DOI: 10.1007/s10043-026-01067-1
Ming Che, Hanwei Chen, Takuya Yano, Kazutoshi Kato
{"title":"Photonics-aided THz over-the-air computation: a proof-of-concept experiment","authors":"Ming Che, Hanwei Chen, Takuya Yano, Kazutoshi Kato","doi":"10.1007/s10043-026-01067-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10043-026-01067-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we present a photonic-aided THz over-the-air computation (OAC) system designed for ultra-high-throughput distributed computing. The system employs uni-traveling-carrier photodiodes (UTC-PDs) in sub-computing nodes (SCNs) for THz wave generation, and a Fermi-level managed barrier diode (FMBD) in the data fusion center (DFC) for THz signal detection. Photonic THz beam steering is implemented at the SCNs to enhance directional propagation and computation accuracy, while a frequency-division multiplexing (FDM)-like scheme is introduced to relax synchronization requirements among SCNs. We validate the feasibility of the proposed approach through a proof-of-concept experiment involving two SCNs operating at 0.5 Gbit/s in the 0.3 THz band, where successful implementation of analog addition was demonstrated. While the current system scale is limited, the results confirm the viability of photonic-aided THz OAC and its potential for integration of communication and computation in future 6G networks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":722,"journal":{"name":"Optical Review","volume":"33 3","pages":"471 - 479"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148428880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic fluid image registration method based on time-series variation","authors":"Penghao Liao, Fujiang Zeng, Xiaoyan Wu, Xiaomin Yang, Rongzhu Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10043-026-01059-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10043-026-01059-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To address the difficulty of registration for dynamic fluid image, a novel registration method based on temporal variation is proposed. During the experiment, we take candle flame and gun flame as study objects. Then the visible and infrared images are acquired by different cameras with different field angles. The similar point pairs of grayscale changes in ten consecutive frames are extracted, which serve as reference points to align these ten frames by using an affine transformation model. Finally, the image registration results are evaluated by subjective evaluation and objective parameter. After collecting actual flame data through the construction of a spectral path experiment, the registration of ten frames of images was completed. The root mean square error reduction rates of the registration results for candle flames and spray flames were 11.37% and 26.33%, respectively. The results show that the time-series variation method is effective for dynamic flame fluid image registration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":722,"journal":{"name":"Optical Review","volume":"33 3","pages":"400 - 407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical ReviewPub Date : 2026-06-30DOI: 10.1007/s10043-026-01058-2
Zahraa K. Hadad, Asama N. Naje
{"title":"Pulsed laser deposition of MoO₃:GO nanocomposite thin films with tunable conductivity and enhanced carrier mobility","authors":"Zahraa K. Hadad, Asama N. Naje","doi":"10.1007/s10043-026-01058-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10043-026-01058-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, molybdenum trioxide (MoO<sub>3</sub>) and graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite thin films with different GO wight precentages (0.5, 0.25 and 0.05%) was deposed on glass substrates at 300 °C using the Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) technique with an Nd-Yag laser operating at 532 nm. The optical properties of the films were investigated using UV-Visible spectroscopy. The results showed a reduction in the optical energy gap with increasing GO contact, particulary at 0.05 and 0.25 wt% GO, indicating enhanced light absorption and possible electronic interaction between MoO<sub>3</sub> and GO. Structural characterization by X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of highly crystalline orthorhombic α-MoO₃ thin films. Variations in peak intensity and crystallite size were observed after GO incorporation, suggesting changes in the structural properties of the films. The crystallite size was estimated using the Scherrer equation, and the results indicated improved crystallinity at certain GO concentration. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis revealed relatively uniform particle distribution and improved surface homogeneity after GO addition. The electrical properties were evaluated using Hall efect measurements, which showed an increase in electrical conductivity 2.107 × 10<sup>− 6</sup> to 2.944 × 10<sup>− 4</sup> (Ω.cm)<sup>−1</sup>and carrier mobility from 1.122 × 10 to 1.723 × 10<sup>3</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/V.s after the incorporation of 0.25% GO. These enhancement may be attributed to improved charge transport pathways and modifications in the microstructure of the deposited thin films.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":722,"journal":{"name":"Optical Review","volume":"33 3","pages":"420 - 427"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}