Frontiers of Physics最新文献

{"title":"Constructing a simple conductive-elastic layer on graphite surfaces for high-rate and long-life lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Jianye Wang, Yang Lyu, Hanxin Wei, Guozhi Ma, Baohui Chen, Ming Zhang","doi":"10.15302/frontphys.2025.044207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15302/frontphys.2025.044207","url":null,"abstract":"Graphite serves as a pivotal anode material in lithium-ion batteries. However, issues such as the co-embedding of solvent molecules during cycling and rapid capacity degradation at high rates have greatly hampered the practical application and development of graphite materials. Herein, this study proposes a straightforward, cost-effective, and environmentally benign strategy for modifying graphite anodes, with the dual objectives of enhancing high-rate capability and prolonging cycle life. Using water as the primary solvent and polyacrylonitrile as the coating material, a highly conductive, flexible, and strongly bonded polymer cladding layer is designed by combining solid−liquid coating and low-temperature heat treatment technologies. This innovative design not only effectively prevents the co-embedding of solvent molecules and mitigates the volume change of graphite particles during extended cycling, but also successfully constructs a dense and efficient electron transport network on the graphite surface. Leveraging the stability advantages brought by the high electron cloud overlap of C=N bonds (comprising σ bonds and π bonds), the conductivity and structural stability of the material are enhanced. This ultimately results in the successful synthesis of the G@C-PAN core−shell material, which exhibits high-rate performance and exceptional long-cycling stability. The results indicate that the material retains a high specific capacity of 328.12 mAh·g^−1 with 96.18% capacity retention after 250 cycles at 0.5C. Furthermore, it exhibits an impressive specific capacity retention of 97.20% after 500 cycles at 2C. This study presents a sustainable, economically viable, and scalable approach for commercializing high-performance graphite-based lithium-ion batteries.","PeriodicalId":573,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics","volume":"20 4","pages":"44207-44207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147917550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupling interfaces between hollow carbon dodecahedrons and layered double hydroxides for high-performance rechargeable zinc−air batteries","authors":"Jing Zhang, Luo Xu, Yan Lin, Baojian Xie, Chunjie Li, Tao Hu, Ulla Lassi, Ruguang Ma, Chang Ming Li","doi":"10.15302/frontphys.2025.014210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15302/frontphys.2025.014210","url":null,"abstract":"The rational design of high-performance bifunctional electrocatalysts toward both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is critical for the development of high-efficiency zinc−air batteries (ZABs). Herein, we report a facile method to synthesize a bifunctional electrocatalyst (FeNC/LDHs), which consists of Fe-doped hollow carbon dodecahedron (FeNC) coupling with NiFe-layered double hydroxides (LDHs). The coupling integration of FeNC dodecahedra and LDH nanosheets enriches the electrochemically active surface area and modulates the electron redistribution via oxygen bridges between FeNC and LDHs, thus effectively improving electrocatalytic activity and exhibiting a small potential difference of ΔE = 0.68 V during the ORR and OER process. The optimized FeNC/LDH-21 as a cathode in zinc-air batteries demonstrates a specific capacity of 810 mAh·g−1 at 10 mA·cm−2 and a power density of 85 mW·cm−2, and stable operation over 160 h. Moreover, the as-assembled solid-state flexible ZAB reaches a power density of 32.4 mW·cm−2 and maintains a stable charge-discharge process at different bending or hammering states. This work opens an avenue for the facile and large-scale synthesis of bifunctional electrocatalysts and would propel the practical application of ZABs.","PeriodicalId":573,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics","volume":"20 1","pages":"14210-14210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147899015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to: Noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers","authors":"Bin Cheng, Xiu-Hao Deng, Xiu Gu, Yu He, Guangchong Hu, Peihao Huang, Jun Li, Ben-Chuan Lin, Dawei Lu, Yao Lu, Chudan Qiu, Hui Wang, Tao Xin, Shi Yu, Man-Hong Yung, Junkai Zeng, Song Zhang, Youpeng Zhong, Xinhua Peng, Franco Nori, Dapeng Yu","doi":"10.1007/s11467-024-1429-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11467-024-1429-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":573,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11467-024-1429-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142412946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strong ferroelectricity in one-dimensional materials self-assembled by superatomic metal halide clusters","authors":"Yu Guo,&nbsp;Yang Zhao,&nbsp;Qiao Ling,&nbsp;Si Zhou,&nbsp;Jijun Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s11467-024-1434-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11467-024-1434-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cluster-assembled materials have long been pursued as they can create some unprecedented and desirable properties. Herein, we assemble a class of one-dimensional (1D) ReNX₄ (X = F, Cl, Br and I) and MF₅ (M = V, Nb and Ta) nanowires by covalently linking their superatomic clusters. These assembled 1D nanowires exhibit outstanding energetic and dynamic stabilities, and hold sizable spontaneous polarization, low ferroelectric switching barriers and high critical temperature. Their superior ferroelectricity is originated from <i>d</i>⁰-configuration transition metal ions generated by the hybridization of empty <i>d</i> orbitals of metal atoms and <i>p</i> orbitals of non-metal atoms. These critical insights pave a new avenue to fabricate 1D ferroelectrics toward the development of miniaturized and high-density electronic devices using building blocks as cluster with precise structures and functionalities.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":573,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics","volume":"19 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142190171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bayesian method for fitting the low-energy constants in chiral perturbation theory","authors":"Hao-Xiang Pan,&nbsp;De-Kai Kong,&nbsp;Qiao-Yi Wen,&nbsp;Shao-Zhou Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s11467-024-1430-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11467-024-1430-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The values of the low-energy constants (LECs) are very important in the chiral perturbation theory. This paper adopts a Bayesian method with the truncation errors to globally fit eight next-to-leading order (NLO) LECs <i>L</i><span>\u0000 ^<i>r</i>_<i>i</i>\u0000 \u0000 </span> and next-to-next-leading order (NNLO) LECs <i>C</i><span>\u0000 ^<i>r</i>_<i>i</i>\u0000 \u0000 </span>. With the estimation of the truncation errors, the fitting results of <i>L</i><span>\u0000 ^<i>r</i>_<i>i</i>\u0000 \u0000 </span> in the NLO and NNLO are very close. The posterior distributions of <i>C</i><span>\u0000 ^<i>r</i>_<i>i</i>\u0000 \u0000 </span> indicate the boundary-dependent relations of these <i>C</i><span>\u0000 ^<i>r</i>_<i>i</i>\u0000 \u0000 </span>. Ten <i>C</i><span>\u0000 ^<i>r</i>_<i>i</i>\u0000 \u0000 </span> are weakly dependent on the boundaries and their values are reliable. The other <i>C</i><span>\u0000 ^<i>r</i>_<i>i</i>\u0000 \u0000 </span> are required more experimental data to constrain their boundaries. Some linear combinations of <i>C</i><span>\u0000 ^<i>r</i>_<i>i</i>\u0000 \u0000 </span> are also fitted with more reliable posterior distributions. If one knows some more precise values of <i>C</i><span>\u0000 ^<i>r</i>_<i>i</i>\u0000 \u0000 </span>, some other <i>C</i><span>\u0000 ^<i>r</i>_<i>i</i>\u0000 \u0000 </span> can be obtained by these values. With these fitting LECs, most observables provide a good convergence, except for the <i>πK</i> scattering lengths <i>a</i><span>\u0000 ^3/2₀\u0000 \u0000 </span> and <i>a</i><span>\u0000 ^1/2₀\u0000 \u0000 </span>. An example is also introduced to test the improvement of the method. All the computations indicate that considering the truncation errors can improve the global fit greatly, and more prior information can obtain better fitting results. This fitting method can be extended to the other effective field theories and the perturbation theory.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":573,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics","volume":"19 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11467-024-1430-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142190174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interlayer ferromagnetic coupling in nonmagnetic elements doped CrI3 thin films","authors":"Xuqi Li,&nbsp;Xuyan Chen,&nbsp;Shiyang Sun,&nbsp;Huihui Zhang,&nbsp;Haidan Sang,&nbsp;Xiaonan Wang,&nbsp;Shifei Qi,&nbsp;Zhenhua Qiao","doi":"10.1007/s11467-024-1435-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11467-024-1435-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The exploration of magnetism in two-dimensional layered materials has attracted extensive research interest. For the monoclinic phase CrI₃ with interlayer antiferromagnetism, finding a static and robust way of realizing the intrinsic interlayer ferromagnetic coupling is desirable. In this work, we study the electronic structure and magnetic properties of the nonmagnetic element (e.g., O, S, Se, N, P, As, and C) doped bi-and triple-layer CrI₃ systems via first-principles calculations. Our results demonstrate that O, P, S, As, and Se doped CrI₃ bilayer can realize interlayer ferromagnetism. Further analysis shows that the interlayer ferromagnetic coupling in the doped few-layer CrI₃ is closely related to the formation of localized spinpolarized state around the doped elements. Further study presents that, for As-doped tri-layer CrI₃, it can realize interlayer ferromagnetic coupling. This work proves that nonmagnetic element doping can realize the interlayer ferromagnetically-coupled few-layer CrI₃ while maintaining its semiconducting characteristics without introducing additional carriers.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":573,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics","volume":"19 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11467-024-1435-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141923463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnon, doublon and quarton excitations in 2D S=1/2 trimerized Heisenberg models","authors":"Yue-Yue Chang,&nbsp;Jun-Qing Cheng,&nbsp;Hui Shao,&nbsp;Dao-Xin Yao,&nbsp;Han-Qing Wu","doi":"10.1007/s11467-024-1418-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11467-024-1418-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate the magnetic excitations of the two-dimensional (2D) <i>S</i> = 1/2 trimerized Heisenberg models with intratrimer interaction <i>J</i>₁ and intertrimer interaction <i>J</i>₂ on four different lattices using a combination of stochastic series expansion quantum Monte Carlo (SSE QMC) and stochastic analytic continuation methods (SAC), complemented by cluster perturbation theory (CPT). These models exhibit quasi-particle-like excitations when <i>g</i> = <i>J</i>₂/<i>J</i>₁ is weak, characterized by low-energy magnons, intermediate-energy doublons, and high-energy quartons. The low-energy magnons are associated with the magnetic ground states. They can be described by the linear spin wave theory (LSWT) of the effective block spin model and the original spin model. Doublons and quartons emerge from the corresponding internal excitations of the trimers with distinct energy levels, which can be effectively analyzed using perturbative calculation when the ratio of exchange interactions <i>g</i> is weak. In this weak <i>g</i> regime, we observe a clear separation between the magnon and higher-energy spectra. As <i>g</i> increases, doublon and quarton gradually merge into the magnon modes or some continua. Notably, in the Collinear II and trimerized Hexagon lattice, a broad continuum emerges above the single-magnon spectrum, originating from the quasi-1D physics due to the dilute connections between chains. In addition, we also compare our numerical results to the experimental RIXS spectrum and analyze the difference. Our numerical analysis of these 2D trimers yields valuable theoretical predictions and explanations for the inelastic neutron scattering (INS) spectra of 2D magnetic materials featuring trimerized lattices.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":573,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics","volume":"19 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141780310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances of light-field modulated operation in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy","authors":"Shangyong Zhao,&nbsp;Yuchen Zhao,&nbsp;Yujia Dai,&nbsp;Ziyuan Liu,&nbsp;Huihui Zha,&nbsp;Xun Gao","doi":"10.1007/s11467-024-1436-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11467-024-1436-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The simplicity and low-cost way to improve qualitative and quantitative analytical performance has always been a crucial concern for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and many scientists have been engaged in this evolving research direction. In this review, we investigated an update on recent developments in light-field modulated operation in LIBS. It covered a brief description of LIBS, optical polarization, and beam shaping. Here, the optical polarization is divided into laser beam polarization and plasma polarization. In addition, the methodology and development of light-field modulated LIBS were summarized and discussed. Finally, the existing problems with light-field modulated LIBS were presented, along with some of their own insights and the future direction of their development. This review will provide a guideline for LIBS researchers with basic knowledge, which is very useful in the signal optimization of LIBS research and applications.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":573,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics","volume":"19 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141780309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature dependence of positive and negative magnetoresistances of tantalum-covered multiwalled carbon nanotubes","authors":"Julienne Impundu,&nbsp;Wenxiang Wang,&nbsp;Zheng Wei,&nbsp;Yushi Xu,&nbsp;Yu Wang,&nbsp;Jiawang You,&nbsp;Wenbin Huang,&nbsp;Yong Jun Li,&nbsp;Lianfeng Sun","doi":"10.1007/s11467-024-1432-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11467-024-1432-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable electronic and magnetic properties. In this research, we introduced multiwalled carbon nanotubes covered with tantalum (MWNTs/Ta) to systematically modulate the magnetoresistive properties of the MWNTs/Ta hybrid nanostructures. We observed distinct changes in both positive and negative magnetoresistances of MWNTs/Ta across a broad temperature range using a physical property measurement system and a four-terminal method. This study on temperature-dependent magnetoresistive behavior of the MWNTs/Ta sheds light on the fundamental properties of carbon-based materials and holds promise for practical applications in the field of spintronic devices.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":573,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics","volume":"19 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141780311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key electronic parameters of 2H-stacking bilayer MoS2 on sapphire substrate determined by terahertz magneto-optical measurement in Faraday geometry","authors":"Xingjia Cheng,&nbsp;Wen Xu,&nbsp;Hua Wen,&nbsp;Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Heng Zhang,&nbsp;Haowen Li,&nbsp;Francois M. Peeters","doi":"10.1007/s11467-024-1425-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11467-024-1425-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bilayer (BL) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are important materials in valleytronics and twistronics. Here we study terahertz (THz) magneto-optical (MO) properties of n-type 2<i>H</i>-stacking BL molybdenum sulfide (MoS₂) on sapphire substrate grown by chemical vapor deposition. The AFM, Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence are used for characterization of the samples. Applying THz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS), in combination with polarization test and the presence of magnetic field in Faraday geometry, THz MO transmissions through the sample are measured from 0 to 8 T at 80 K. The complex right- and left-handed circular MO conductivities for 2<i>H</i>-stacking BL MoS₂ are obtained. Through fitting the experimental results with theoretical formula of MO conductivities for an electron gas, generalized by us previously through the inclusion of photon-induced electronic backscattering effect, we are able to determine magneto-optically the key electronic parameters of BL MoS₂, such as the electron density <i>n</i>_<i>e</i>, the electronic relaxation time <i>τ</i>, the electronic localization factor <i>c</i> and, particularly, the effective electron mass <i>m*</i> around <i>Q</i>-point in between the <i>K</i>- and Γ-point in the electronic band structure. The dependence of these parameters upon magnetic field is examined and analyzed. This is a pioneering experimental work to measure <i>m*</i> around the <i>Q</i>-point in 2<i>H</i>-stacking BL MoS₂ and the experimental value is very close to that obtained theoretically. We find that <i>n</i>_<i>e</i>/<i>τ</i>/ ∣ <i>c</i> ∣ /<i>m*</i> in 2<i>H</i>-stacking BL MoS₂ decreases/increases/decreases/increases with increasing magnetic field. The results obtained from this study can be benefit to us in gaining an in-depth understanding of the electronic and optoelectronic properties of BL TMD systems.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":573,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics","volume":"19 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}