Frontiers of Physics最新文献_第2页

Emerging single-photon detection technique for high-performance photodetector 用于高性能光电探测器的新兴单光子探测技术

IF 7.5 2区物理与天体物理

Frontiers of Physics Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11467-024-1428-1

Jinxiu Liu, Zhenghan Peng, Chao Tan, Lei Yang, Ruodan Xu, Zegao Wang

{"title":"Emerging single-photon detection technique for high-performance photodetector","authors":"Jinxiu Liu, Zhenghan Peng, Chao Tan, Lei Yang, Ruodan Xu, Zegao Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11467-024-1428-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-024-1428-1","url":null,"abstract":"Single-photon detections (SPDs) represent a highly sensitive light detection technique capable of detecting individual photons at extremely low light intensity levels. This technology mainly relies on the mainstream SPDs, such as photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), avalanche photodiodes (SAPD), superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs), superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES), and hybrid lead halide perovskite. However, the complexity and high manufacturing cost, coupled with the requirement of special conditions like a low-temperature environment, pose significant challenges to the wide adoption of SPDs. To address the challenges faced by SPDs, significant efforts have been devoted to enhancing their performance. In this review, we first summarize the principles and technical challenges of several SPDs. Conductors, superconductors, semiconductors, 3D bulk materials, 2D film materials, 1D nanowires, and 0D quantum dots have all been discussed for single-photon detectors. Methods such as special optical structure, waveguide integration, and strain engineering have been employed to elevate the performance of single-photon detectors. These techniques enhance light absorption and modulate the band structure of the material, thereby improving the single-photon sensitivity. By providing an overview of the current situation and future challenges of SPDs, this review aims to propose potential solutions for photon detection technology.","PeriodicalId":573,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141612584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Machine learning in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: A review 激光诱导击穿光谱学中的机器学习：综述

IF 7.5 2区物理与天体物理

Frontiers of Physics Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11467-024-1427-2

Zhongqi Hao, Ke Liu, Qianlin Lian, Weiran Song, Zongyu Hou, Rui Zhang, Qianqian Wang, Chen Sun, Xiangyou Li, Zhe Wang

{"title":"Machine learning in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: A review","authors":"Zhongqi Hao, Ke Liu, Qianlin Lian, Weiran Song, Zongyu Hou, Rui Zhang, Qianqian Wang, Chen Sun, Xiangyou Li, Zhe Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11467-024-1427-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-024-1427-2","url":null,"abstract":"Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a spectroscopic analytic technique with great application potential because of its unique advantages for online/in-situ detection. However, due to the spatially inhomogeneity and drastically temporal varying nature of its emission source, the laser-induced plasma, it is difficult to find or hard to generate an appropriate spatiotemporal window for high repeatable signal collection with lower matrix effects. The quantification results of traditional physical principle based calibration model are unsatisfactory since these models were not able to compensate for complicate matrix effects as well as signal fluctuation. Machine learning is an emerging approach, which can intelligently correlated the complex LIBS spectral data with its qualitative or/and quantitative composition by establishing multivariate regression models with greater potential to reduce the impacts of signal fluctuation and matrix effects, therefore achieving relatively better qualitative and quantitative performance. In this review, the progress of machine learning application in LIBS is summarized from two main aspects: i) Pre-processing data for machine learning model, including spectral selection, variable reconstruction, and denoising to improve qualitative/quantitative performance; ii) Machine learning methods for better quantification performance with reduction of the impact of matrix effect as well as LIBS spectra fluctuations. The review also points out the issues that researchers need to address in their future research on improving the performance of LIBS analysis using machine learning algorithms, such as restrictions on training data, the disconnect between physical principles and algorithms, the low generalization ability and massive data processing ability of the model.","PeriodicalId":573,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141612581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visualization for physics analysis improvement and applications in BESIII 改进物理分析的可视化和在 BESIII 中的应用

IF 7.5 2区物理与天体物理

Frontiers of Physics Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1007/s11467-024-1422-7

Zhi-Jun Li, Ming-Kuan Yuan, Yun-Xuan Song, Yan-Gu Li, Jing-Shu Li, Sheng-Sen Sun, Xiao-Long Wang, Zheng-Yun You, Ya-Jun Mao

引用次数: 0

Self-aligned TiOx-based 3D vertical memristor for a high-density synaptic array 用于高密度突触阵列的基于氧化钛的自对准三维垂直忆阻器

IF 7.5 2区物理与天体物理

Frontiers of Physics Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1007/s11467-024-1419-2

Subaek Lee, Juri Kim, Sungjun Kim

{"title":"Self-aligned TiOx-based 3D vertical memristor for a high-density synaptic array","authors":"Subaek Lee, Juri Kim, Sungjun Kim","doi":"10.1007/s11467-024-1419-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-024-1419-2","url":null,"abstract":"The emerging nonvolatile memory, three-dimensional vertical resistive random-access memory (VRRAM), inspired by the vertical NAND structure, has been proposed to replace NAND flash memory which has reached its integration limit. To improve the vertical ionic diffusion occurring in the conventional VRRAM structure, we propose a Pt/HfO2/TiO2/Ti self-aligned VRRAM with physically confined switching cells through sidewall thermal oxidation. We achieved stable bipolar switching, endurance (>104 cycles), and retention (>104 s) responses, and improved the interlayer leakage current issue through a distinctive self-aligned structure. Additionally, we elucidated the switching mechanism by analyzing current levels concerning ambient temperature. To utilize VRRAM for neuromorphic computing, the biological synaptic functions are emulated by applying pulse stimulation to the synaptic cell. The weight modulation of biological synapses is demonstrated based on potentiation, depression, spike-rate-dependent plasticity, and spike-timing-dependent plasticity. Additionally, we improve the pattern recognition rate by creating a linear conductance modulation with an incremental pulse train in pattern recognition simulations. The stable electrical characteristics and implementation of various synaptic functions demonstrate that self-aligned VRRAM is suitable for neuromorphic systems as a high-density synaptic device.","PeriodicalId":573,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Localized surface plasmon resonance enhanced photodetector: Physical model, enhanced mechanism and applications 局部表面等离子体共振增强型光电探测器：物理模型、增强机制和应用

IF 7.5 2区物理与天体物理

Frontiers of Physics Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1007/s11467-024-1413-8

Jiangtong Su, Xiaoqi Hou, Ning Dai, Yang Li

引用次数: 0

Generation and characterization of customized Laguerre–Gaussian beams with arbitrary profiles 具有任意剖面的定制拉盖尔-高斯光束的生成和特性分析

IF 7.5 2区物理与天体物理

Frontiers of Physics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11467-024-1426-3

Chengyuan Wang, Yun Chen, Jinwen Wang, Xin Yang, Hong Gao, Fuli Li

引用次数: 0

Van der Waals epitaxy of type-II band alignment CsPbI3/TMDC heterostructure for optoelectronic applications 用于光电应用的范德华外延 II 型带排列 CsPbI3/TMDC 异质结构

IF 7.5 2区物理与天体物理

Frontiers of Physics Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11467-024-1404-9

Chang Lu, Shunhui Zhang, Meili Chen, Haitao Chen, Mengjian Zhu, Zhengwei Zhang, Jun He, Lin Zhang, Xiaoming Yuan

{"title":"Van der Waals epitaxy of type-II band alignment CsPbI3/TMDC heterostructure for optoelectronic applications","authors":"Chang Lu, Shunhui Zhang, Meili Chen, Haitao Chen, Mengjian Zhu, Zhengwei Zhang, Jun He, Lin Zhang, Xiaoming Yuan","doi":"10.1007/s11467-024-1404-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-024-1404-9","url":null,"abstract":"Van der Waals epitaxy allows heterostructure formation without considering the lattice match requirement, thus is a promising method to form 2D/2D and 2D/3D heterojunction. Considering the unique optical properties of CsPbI3 and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), their heterostructure presents potential applications in both photonics and optoelectronics fields. Here, we demonstrate selective growth of cubic phase CsPbI3 nanofilm with thickness as thin as 4.0 nm and zigzag/armchair oriented nanowires (NWs) on monolayer WSe2. Furthermore, we show growth of CsPbI3 on both transferred WSe2 on copper grid and WSe2–based optoelectrical devices, providing a platform for structure analysis and device performance modification. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results reveal the epitaxial nature of cubic CsPbI3 phase. The revealed growth fundamental of CsPbI3 is universal valid for other two-dimensional substrates, offering a great advantage to fabricate CsPbI3 based van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and optical characterization confirm the type-II band alignment, resulting in a fast charge transfer process and the occurrence of a broad emission peak at lower energy. The formation of WSe2/CsPbI3 heterostructure largely enhances the photocurrent from 2.38 nA to 38.59 nA. These findings are vital for bottom-up epitaxy of inorganic semiconductor on atomic thin 2D substrates for optoelectronic applications.","PeriodicalId":573,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unidirectional propagation of water waves near ancient Luoyang Bridge 洛阳古桥附近水波的单向传播

IF 7.5 2区物理与天体物理

Frontiers of Physics Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1007/s11467-024-1411-x

Linkang Han, Qilin Duan, Junliang Duan, Shan Zhu, Shiming Chen, Yuhang Yin, Huanyang Chen

{"title":"Unidirectional propagation of water waves near ancient Luoyang Bridge","authors":"Linkang Han, Qilin Duan, Junliang Duan, Shan Zhu, Shiming Chen, Yuhang Yin, Huanyang Chen","doi":"10.1007/s11467-024-1411-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-024-1411-x","url":null,"abstract":"Metasurfaces and metagratings offer new platforms for electromagnetic wave control with significant responses. However, metasurfaces based on abrupt phase change and resonant structures suffer from the drawback of high loss and face challenges when applied in water waves. Therefore, the application of metasurfaces in water wave control is not ideal due to the limitations associated with high loss and other challenges. We have discovered that non-resonant metagratings exhibit promising effects in water wave control. Leveraging the similarity between bridges and metagratings, we have successfully developed a water wave metagrating model inspired by the ancient Luoyang Bridge in China. We conduct theoretical calculations and simulations on the metagrating and derive the equivalent anisotropic model of the metagrating. This model provides evidence that the metagrating has the capability to control water waves and achieve unidirectional surface water wave. The accuracy of our theory is strongly supported by the clear observation of the unidirectional propagation phenomenon during simulation and experiments conducted using a reduced version of the metagrating. It is the first time that the unidirectional propagation of water waves has been seen in water wave metagrating experiment. Above all, we realize the water wave metagrating experiment for the first time. By combining complex gratings with real bridges, we explore the physics embedded in the ancient building — Luoyang Bridge, which are of great significance for the water wave metagrating design and provide a new method for analyzing the effects of water waves on bridges. At the same time, this discovery also provides a new idea for ocean cargo transportation, ocean garbage cleaning, and the development and protection of ancient bridges.\u0000","PeriodicalId":573,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Low-energy elastic (anti)neutrino–nucleon scattering in covariant baryon chiral perturbation theory 协变重子手性扰动理论中的低能弹性（反）中微子-核子散射

IF 7.5 2区物理与天体物理

Frontiers of Physics Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1007/s11467-024-1417-4

Jin-Man Chen, Ze-Rui Liang, De-Liang Yao

{"title":"Low-energy elastic (anti)neutrino–nucleon scattering in covariant baryon chiral perturbation theory","authors":"Jin-Man Chen, Ze-Rui Liang, De-Liang Yao","doi":"10.1007/s11467-024-1417-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-024-1417-4","url":null,"abstract":"The low-energy antineutrino- and neutrino–nucleon neutral current elastic scattering is studied within the framework of the relativistic SU(2) baryon chiral perturbation theory up to the order of ({cal O}({p^{3}})). We have derived the model-independent hadronic amplitudes and extracted the form factors from them. It is found that differential cross sections dσ/dQ2 for the processes of (anti)neutrino–proton scattering are in good agreement with the existing MiniBooNE data in the Q2 region [0.13, 0.20] GeV2, where nuclear effects are expected to be negligible. For Q2 ≤ 0.13 GeV2, large deviation is observed, which is mainly owing to the sizeable Pauli blocking effect. Comparisons with the simulation data produced by the NuWro and GENIE Mento Carlo events generators are also discussed. The chiral results obtained in this work can be utilized as inputs in various nuclear models to achieve the goal of precise determination of the strangeness axial vector form factor, in particular when the low-energy MicroBooNE data are available in the near future.\u0000","PeriodicalId":573,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stable alkali halide vapor assisted chemical vapor deposition of 2D HfSe2 templates and controllable oxidation of its heterostructures 二维 HfSe2 模板的稳定碱卤化物气相辅助化学气相沉积及其异质结构的可控氧化作用

IF 7.5 2区物理与天体物理

Frontiers of Physics Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1007/s11467-024-1414-7

Wenlong Chu, Xilong Zhou, Ze Wang, Xiulian Fan, Xuehao Guo, Cheng Li, Jianling Yue, Fangping Ouyang, Jiong Zhao, Yu Zhou

{"title":"Stable alkali halide vapor assisted chemical vapor deposition of 2D HfSe2 templates and controllable oxidation of its heterostructures","authors":"Wenlong Chu, Xilong Zhou, Ze Wang, Xiulian Fan, Xuehao Guo, Cheng Li, Jianling Yue, Fangping Ouyang, Jiong Zhao, Yu Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s11467-024-1414-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-024-1414-7","url":null,"abstract":"Two-dimensional hafnium-based semiconductors and their heterostructures with native oxides have been shown unique physical properties and potential electronic and optoelectronic applications. However, the scalable synthesis methods for ultrathin layered hafnium-based semiconductor laterally epitaxy growth and its heterostructure are still restricted, also for the understanding of its formation mechanism. Herein, we report the stable sublimation of alkali halide vapor assisted synthesis strategy for high-quality 2D HfSe2 nanosheets via chemical vapor deposition. Single-crystalline ultrathin 2D HfSe2 nanosheets were systematically grown by tuning the growth parameters, reaching the lateral size of 6–40 µm and the thickness down to 4.5 nm. The scalable amorphous HfO2 and HfSe2 heterostructures were achieved by the controllable oxidation, which benefited from the approximate zero Gibbs free energy of unstable 2D HfSe2 templates. The crystal structure, elemental, and time dependent Raman characterization were carried out to understand surface precipitated Se atoms and the formation of amorphous Hf–O bonds, confirming the slow surface oxidation and lattice incorporation of oxygen atoms. The relatively smooth surface roughness and electrical potential change of HfO2–HfSe2 heterostructures indicate the excellent interface quality, which helps obtain the high performance memristor with high on/off ratio of 105 and long retention period over 9000 s. Our work introduces a new vapor catalysts strategy for the synthesis of lateral 2D HfSe2 nanosheets, also providing the scalable oxidation of the Hf-based heterostructures for 2D electronic devices.\u0000","PeriodicalId":573,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141253511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0