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Broadband Cherenkov Amplifier with a Coaxial Plasma-Dielectric Electrodynamic System 同轴等离子体-介电动力系统的宽带切伦科夫放大器
IF 1.1 4区 物理与天体物理
Plasma Physics Reports Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1134/S1063780X25602962
A. V. Ershov, M. V. Kuzelev
{"title":"Broadband Cherenkov Amplifier with a Coaxial Plasma-Dielectric Electrodynamic System","authors":"A. V. Ershov,&nbsp;M. V. Kuzelev","doi":"10.1134/S1063780X25602962","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063780X25602962","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An electromagnetic wave amplifier based on the forced Cherenkov effect of a relativistic thin tubular electron beam in a coaxial waveguide with a plasma-dielectric filling is considered. In the linear approximation, a dispersion equation is derived, amplified frequency domains are defined, and wave amplification factors are calculated. Two maximum amplification modes were studied depending on the beam-dielectric gap and frequency. The nonlinear dynamics of the amplification process was investigated. Amplification efficiencies for different beam currents and different frequencies of the amplified signal were determined. The effect of plasma on wave amplification in a coaxial waveguide with a dielectric insert was studied in detail. The interaction of the beam with the potential Langmuir wave in plasma was shown to affect but slightly the amplification of electromagnetic waves.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":"51 5","pages":"576 - 598"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Numerical Simulation of the Super Fine Electron Current Sheet in the Near Magnetotail 近磁尾中超细电子流片的数值模拟
IF 1.1 4区 物理与天体物理
Plasma Physics Reports Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1134/S1063780X25602573
O. V. Mingalev, P. V. Setsko, M. N. Melnik, I. V. Mingalev, Kh. V. Malova, E. E. Grigorenko, L. M. Zelenyi
{"title":"Numerical Simulation of the Super Fine Electron Current Sheet in the Near Magnetotail","authors":"O. V. Mingalev,&nbsp;P. V. Setsko,&nbsp;M. N. Melnik,&nbsp;I. V. Mingalev,&nbsp;Kh. V. Malova,&nbsp;E. E. Grigorenko,&nbsp;L. M. Zelenyi","doi":"10.1134/S1063780X25602573","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063780X25602573","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper describes the numerical simulation of quasi-stationary configurations of current sheets with a given normal component of the magnetic-field, which consists of a thin ion current sheet and its embedded super thin electron current sheet. These sheets were regularly observed during the pre-storm phase of magnetospheric substorms by the MMS satellite mission in the neutral sheet of the near magnetotail of the Earth. A new numerical model is proposed of a stationary current sheet with kinetic description of transient ion populations and electrons forming it, for which the Vlasov equations are solved by the method of characteristics for stationary case and the distribution functions are calculated on regular grids in velocity space, the real charge-to-mass ratio for electrons being taken into account. This model was used to obtain planar symmetric configurations of the super thin current sheet, which agree qualitatively and quantitatively with MMS spacecraft observations.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":"51 5","pages":"528 - 554"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Study of the Dynamics of Arc Discharge Burning in a Methane–Hydrogen-Containing Atmosphere in an Alternating Current Plasma Torch 交流等离子体炬中甲烷-含氢气氛中电弧放电燃烧动力学研究
IF 1.1 4区 物理与天体物理
Plasma Physics Reports Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1134/S1063780X25602925
Yu. D. Dudnik, A. A. Safronov, V. N. Shiryaev, M. I. Vasilyev, O. B. Vasilieva
{"title":"Study of the Dynamics of Arc Discharge Burning in a Methane–Hydrogen-Containing Atmosphere in an Alternating Current Plasma Torch","authors":"Yu. D. Dudnik,&nbsp;A. A. Safronov,&nbsp;V. N. Shiryaev,&nbsp;M. I. Vasilyev,&nbsp;O. B. Vasilieva","doi":"10.1134/S1063780X25602925","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063780X25602925","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The results of the study of the dynamics of an arc discharge burning in the electric arc chamber of an alternating current plasma torch with the power of up to 10 kW are presented. The measurements have been carried out using graphite and tungsten electrode tips at the atmospheric pressure in the following ranges of plasma-forming gas flow rates: H<sub>2</sub> up to 0.08 g/s and a mixture of H<sub>2</sub> + CH<sub>4</sub> up to 0.1 g/s. Characteristic stages of the discharge development have been obtained, among which contracted, diffuse with the formation of a plasma plume and transient types of the arc discharge have been observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":"51 5","pages":"643 - 647"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Large-Scale Rossby Waves in Rotating Space and Astrophysical Plasmas 旋转空间和天体物理等离子体中的大尺度罗斯比波
IF 1.1 4区 物理与天体物理
Plasma Physics Reports Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1134/S1063780X25602792
D. A. Koshkina, T. V. Galstyan, D. A. Klimachkov, A. S. Petrosyan
{"title":"Large-Scale Rossby Waves in Rotating Space and Astrophysical Plasmas","authors":"D. A. Koshkina,&nbsp;T. V. Galstyan,&nbsp;D. A. Klimachkov,&nbsp;A. S. Petrosyan","doi":"10.1134/S1063780X25602792","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063780X25602792","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The theory of large-scale flows of rotating incompressible totally ionized plasma is developed taking into account the Hall effect in the beta-plane approximation for the Coriolis force. In the process, the Coriolis force is taken into account for each plasma component. In the beta-plane approximation, the Coriolis force expressed in the local Cartesian coordinate system attached to a fixed point on the sphere becomes inhomogeneous and, as a consequence, leads to the beta-effect for both the equation of motion and the equation governing the electromagnetic field. Linear flows are analyzed in the quasi-two-dimensional approximation. It is demonstrated that a new type of flows, an electron Rossby wave, appears in a rotating totally ionized plasma on a sphere in addition to the hydrodynamic Rossby waves of a neutral fluid. The inhomogeneity of the vertical component of the angular velocity of rotation on a sphere plays the role of the restoring force for such waves.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":"51 5","pages":"555 - 561"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Urgent Research Topics in Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion in Russia in 2024 2024年俄罗斯等离子体物理与受控核聚变的紧迫研究课题
IF 1.1 4区 物理与天体物理
Plasma Physics Reports Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1134/S1063780X25602901
I. A. Grishina, V. A. Ivanov
{"title":"Urgent Research Topics in Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion in Russia in 2024","authors":"I. A. Grishina,&nbsp;V. A. Ivanov","doi":"10.1134/S1063780X25602901","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063780X25602901","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The most interesting new results are discussed that were presented at the LII International Zvenigorod Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, which was held in Zvenigorod, Moscow region, on March 17–21, 2025. The achievements in the main fields of research in plasma physics in Russia are analyzed and compared with those obtained in foreign scientific centers.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":"51 5","pages":"626 - 642"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Properties of Edge Plasma and Peripheral Transport in Quasi-Stationary L-2 and L-2M Stellarators 准稳态L-2和L-2M仿星器中边缘等离子体和外围输运的性质
IF 1.1 4区 物理与天体物理
Plasma Physics Reports Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1134/S1063780X25602615
D. G. Vasil’kov, N. K. Kharchev
{"title":"Properties of Edge Plasma and Peripheral Transport in Quasi-Stationary L-2 and L-2M Stellarators","authors":"D. G. Vasil’kov,&nbsp;N. K. Kharchev","doi":"10.1134/S1063780X25602615","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063780X25602615","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Studies of plasma produced and confined in quasi-stationary L-2 and L-2M stellarators are presented. In these facilities, plasma was produced by the non-inductive electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) microwave heating in the power range of <i>P</i> = 0.05–1 MW. The radial structure of the near-separatrix region (the relative radius of 0.8–1) and fluctuations of plasma parameters in the mode without changing macroparameters are considered. Fluctuations of the near-wall plasma parameters—density, electric potential, and magnetic field—and their evolution during discharges are analyzed. The structure of the electric field and heat flux in the near-wall plasma measured by Langmuir probes is analyzed. The relation between changes in fluctuating plasma parameters and possible small-scale instabilities is analyzed. The mechanisms of the development of permutation, peeling and temperature gradient edge instabilities are considered. A comparison is made between the simulation of the energy transfer in plasma using neoclassical models taking into account anomalous energy losses and that based on canonical pressure profiles. The possibility of using a quasi-stationary stellarator as a source of plasma flows with three-dimensional geometry for materials science is considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":"51 5","pages":"513 - 527"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Numerical Simulation: High Current in a Plasma Relativistic Generator with Inverse Geometry 数值模拟：具有逆几何结构的等离子体相对论发生器中的大电流
IF 1.1 4区 物理与天体物理
Plasma Physics Reports Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1134/S1063780X25602846
S. E. Andreev, I. L. Bogdankevich, N. G. Gusein-zade
{"title":"Numerical Simulation: High Current in a Plasma Relativistic Generator with Inverse Geometry","authors":"S. E. Andreev,&nbsp;I. L. Bogdankevich,&nbsp;N. G. Gusein-zade","doi":"10.1134/S1063780X25602846","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063780X25602846","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of the electron relativistic beam (REB) current on the operation mode of a plasma relativistic microwave generator with inverse geometry (where a tubular REB is located around the plasma, not inside, as in earlier works with conventional geometry) and its radiation characteristics have been studied using the numerical simulation method (the PIC method). It is shown that an increase in the REB currents does not lead to an increase in the energy of the output microwave pulse of a plasma relativistic generator but to its decrease for a large range of plasma densities up to 7 × 10<sup>12</sup> cm<sup>–3</sup>. When a certain threshold of the REB current is exceeded, the electron energy distribution function of REB changes its shape, the transverse plasma density profile degrades, an ion background is formed, and, as a consequence, shortening of the microwave pulse and a change in the generation mode occur.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":"51 5","pages":"599 - 604"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Plasma in the Conducting Channel of Lightning During the Small-Current Stage 小电流阶段闪电传导通道中的等离子体
IF 1.1 4区 物理与天体物理
Plasma Physics Reports Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1134/S1063780X25603025
B. M. Smirnov
{"title":"Plasma in the Conducting Channel of Lightning During the Small-Current Stage","authors":"B. M. Smirnov","doi":"10.1134/S1063780X25603025","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063780X25603025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of lightning plasma was analyzed for the low-current stage, during the time intervals between the passage of the stepped leader stroke and the return stroke, as well as between the return stroke and the dart leader of the subsequent lightning stroke. It was shown that the equilibration time in the analyzed plasma is short compared to the duration of the slow lightening stages. Therefore, in the plasma of the conducting channel of lightning during the slow stage of its development, a local thermodynamic equilibrium is established, and the plasma temperature in each point is the same for electrons and atoms. According to a gas–dynamic model, the plasma decay time after the return stroke (1 ms) is short compared to the duration of the slow stage (50 ms). Therefore, an external electric field is necessary to maintain the plasma during the slow stage, which generates a weak electric current that stabilizes the plasma in the conducting channel. Taking into account the results of numerical models for the relaxation of the plasma of the return stroke, parameters of heat transfer were determined, which are connected to the thermal conductivity of the plasma inside the conducting channel, mainly due to the transfer of dissociative excitation and the thermal conductivity of electrons. At the boundary of the conducting channel of the lightning, the heat transfer occurs as a result of the convection of surrounding air, which leads to the formation of “tongues” and vortices approximately 10 cm in size. The convection leads to a complete renewal of hot air in the conducting channel with cold air at a temperature of 7 kK over a period of about 40 ms.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":"51 5","pages":"605 - 614"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1134/S1063780X25603025.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High-Current Photoemission Glow Discharge in a Xe–Cs Mixture Xe-Cs混合物中的大电流发光放电
IF 1.1 4区 物理与天体物理
Plasma Physics Reports Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1134/S1063780X25602949
A. M. Martsinovskii, S. V. Gavrish, D. G. Korenyugin, A. S. Guslin, V. N. Kuzin
{"title":"High-Current Photoemission Glow Discharge in a Xe–Cs Mixture","authors":"A. M. Martsinovskii,&nbsp;S. V. Gavrish,&nbsp;D. G. Korenyugin,&nbsp;A. S. Guslin,&nbsp;V. N. Kuzin","doi":"10.1134/S1063780X25602949","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063780X25602949","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An unusual glow discharge has been discovered in a Xe+Cs mixture. Its burning voltage is several times lower and the current density is 1–2 orders higher than the normal voltage and current of a regular glow discharge in pure xenon and cesium, respectively. These discharges occur in cesium lighting lamps of a pulse-periodic discharge when they are heated by the alternating voltage before applying high-current operating pulses at a xenon pressure of 20 Torr and a wide range of cesium pressures (10<sup>–6</sup>–1) Torr. The most probable origin of their occurrence is photoemission from W–Th–Cs structures on the electrodes under the impact of intense UV radiation of the cathode layer.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":"51 5","pages":"648 - 653"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microwave Discharge Supported by Gyrotron Radiation on a Dielectric Substrate with Silver Particles in Air to Create a Metallized Coating on ABS Plastic 在空气中含有银粒子的介电基片上以回旋辐射支持微波放电制备ABS塑料金属化涂层
IF 1.1 4区 物理与天体物理
Plasma Physics Reports Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1134/S1063780X25602639
Z. A. Zakletskii, D. V. Malakhov, S. E Andreev
{"title":"Microwave Discharge Supported by Gyrotron Radiation on a Dielectric Substrate with Silver Particles in Air to Create a Metallized Coating on ABS Plastic","authors":"Z. A. Zakletskii,&nbsp;D. V. Malakhov,&nbsp;S. E Andreev","doi":"10.1134/S1063780X25602639","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063780X25602639","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The results of experiments on the use of microwave discharge plasma supported by microwave radiation of a pulsed (6 ms) gyrotron for the transfer of matter from a metallic silver nanopowder to the surface of a dielectric ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) plastic target are presented. The experiments are carried out at atmospheric and reduced pressure (up to 50 Torr) of air at a microwave radiation power density from 1.25 to 12 kW/cm<sup>2</sup>. The spatial structures of microwave discharge plasma propagating near a quartz substrate with a silver nanopowder layer are studied. It is determined that the discharge can have at least three types of the spatial structure: (a) localized microwave discharge at the points of the discharge initiation; (b) microwave discharge propagating through the quartz substrate; (c) microwave discharge propagating along the quartz substrate. The metal layer deposited on the plastic surface is characterized using electron microscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":735,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Physics Reports","volume":"51 5","pages":"615 - 625"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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