Journal of Low Temperature Physics最新文献

{"title":"Impacts of Cryogenic Cavitation and Flow Characteristics on Measurement Accuracy in Novel Double-Stage Perforated Plate Flowmeters","authors":"Yihan Tian,&nbsp;Zhijian Zhang,&nbsp;Biao Yang,&nbsp;Zhaozhao Gao,&nbsp;Chen Cui,&nbsp;Liubiao Chen,&nbsp;Junjie Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10909-025-03331-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10909-025-03331-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The flow measurement of cryogenic fluids is frequently complicated by physical phenomena such as phase transition and cavitation, which can significantly impair measurement accuracy and system stability. Multi-stage perforated plate flowmeters have attracted increasing attention due to their potential for accurate flow measurement. However, most existing studies have focused on performance under non-cryogenic conditions, while the unique flow behavior exhibited by cryogenic fluids is often overlooked. In this study, a numerical approach is employed to investigate the flow characteristics of cryogenic fluids through double-stage perforated plate structures. A systematic evaluation is conducted to assess the influence of various operating conditions and structural features on physical flow properties, key dimensionless measurement parameter configurations, and cavitation-induced thermal effects, including the pressure loss coefficient, discharge coefficient, and temperature drop coefficient. The results indicate that when the spacing between plates exceeds a certain threshold, the variations in these parameters tend to stabilize. Furthermore, a novel asymmetric double-stage perforated plate design is proposed. Compared to the symmetric structure, the pressure loss coefficient and discharge coefficient improved by 26.9% and 29.6%, respectively, while the temperature drop coefficient decreased by approximately 30.6%. This suggests that the asymmetric structure can enhance flow measurement accuracy and stability by trading off energy loss. These findings can reveal the underlying mechanisms by which plate geometry influences flow characteristics and measurement accuracy, thereby offering valuable theoretical guidance for the high-precision measurement of cryogenic fluids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Low Temperature Physics","volume":"221 1-6","pages":"289 - 306"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10909-025-03331-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication and Characterization of X-ray TES Detectors Based on Annular AlMn Alloy Films","authors":"Yifei Zhang,&nbsp;Zhengwei Li,&nbsp;Mengxian Zhang,&nbsp;Guofu Liao,&nbsp;Zhouhui Liu,&nbsp;Yu Xu,&nbsp;Nan Li,&nbsp;Liangpeng Xie,&nbsp;Junjie Zhou,&nbsp;Xufang Li,&nbsp;He Gao,&nbsp;Shibo Shu,&nbsp;Yongping Li,&nbsp;Yudong Gu,&nbsp;Daikang Yan,&nbsp;Xuefeng Lu,&nbsp;Hua Feng,&nbsp;Yongjie Zhang,&nbsp;Congzhan Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10909-025-03332-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10909-025-03332-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>AlMn alloy films are widely fabricated into superconducting transition edge sensors (TESs) for the detection of cosmic microwave background radiation. However, the application in X-ray or gamma-ray detection based on AlMn TES is rarely reported. In this study, X-ray TES detectors based on unique annular AlMn films are developed. The fabrication processes of TES detectors are introduced in detail. The characteristics of three TES samples are evaluated in a dilution refrigerator. The results demonstrate that the I-V characteristics of the three annular TES detectors are highly consistent. The TES detector with the smallest absorber achieved the best energy resolution of 11.0 eV @ 5.9 keV, which is inferior to the theoretical value. The discrepancy is mainly attributed to the larger readout electronics noise than expected.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Low Temperature Physics","volume":"221 1-6","pages":"307 - 319"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sub-keV Electron Recoil Calibration for Macroscopic Cryogenic Calorimeters Using a Novel X-ray Fluorescence Source","authors":"H. Abele,&nbsp;G. Angloher,&nbsp;B. Arnold,&nbsp;M. Atzori Corona,&nbsp;A. Bento,&nbsp;E. Bossio,&nbsp;J. Burkhart,&nbsp;F. Cappella,&nbsp;M. Cappelli,&nbsp;N. Casali,&nbsp;R. Cerulli,&nbsp;A. Cruciani,&nbsp;G. Del Castello,&nbsp;M. del Gallo Roccagiovine,&nbsp;S. Dorer,&nbsp;A. Erhart,&nbsp;M. Friedl,&nbsp;S. Fichtinger,&nbsp;V. M. Ghete,&nbsp;M. Giammei,&nbsp;C. Goupy,&nbsp;D. Hauff,&nbsp;F. Jeanneau,&nbsp;E. Jericha,&nbsp;M. Kaznacheeva,&nbsp;A. Kinast,&nbsp;H. Kluck,&nbsp;A. Langenkämper,&nbsp;T. Lasserre,&nbsp;D. Lhuillier,&nbsp;M. Mancuso,&nbsp;R. Martin,&nbsp;B. Mauri,&nbsp;A. Mazzolari,&nbsp;L. McCallin,&nbsp;H. Neyrial,&nbsp;C. Nones,&nbsp;L. Oberauer,&nbsp;T. Ortmann,&nbsp;L. Pattavina,&nbsp;L. Peters,&nbsp;F. Petricca,&nbsp;W. Potzel,&nbsp;F. Pröbst,&nbsp;F. Pucci,&nbsp;F. Reindl,&nbsp;M. Romagnoni,&nbsp;J. Rothe,&nbsp;N. Schermer,&nbsp;J. Schieck,&nbsp;S. Schönert,&nbsp;C. Schwertner,&nbsp;L. Scola,&nbsp;G. Soum-Sidikov,&nbsp;L. Stodolsky,&nbsp;R. Strauss,&nbsp;M. Tamisari,&nbsp;R. Thalmeier,&nbsp;C. Tomei,&nbsp;M. Vignati,&nbsp;M. Vivier,&nbsp;A. Wex,&nbsp;K. V. Mirbach,&nbsp;V. Wagner","doi":"10.1007/s10909-025-03330-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10909-025-03330-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Percent-level calibration of cryogenic macro-calorimeters with energy thresholds below 100 eV is crucial for light Dark Matter (DM) searches and reactor neutrino studies based on coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS). This paper presents a novel calibration source based on X-ray fluorescence (XRF) of light elements. It uses a <span>(^{55})</span>Fe source to irradiate a two-staged target arrangement, emitting characteristic emission lines from 677 eV to 6.5 keV. We demonstrate the potential of this new XRF source to calibrate a 0.75 g CaWO<span>(_4)</span> crystal of the NUCLEUS and CRAB experiments. Additionally, we introduce CryoLab, an advanced analysis tool for cryogenic detector data, featuring robust methods for data processing, calibration, and high-level analysis, implemented in MATLAB and HDF5. We also present a phenomenological model for energy resolution, which incorporates statistical contributions, systematic effects, and baseline noise, enabling a novel approach to evaluating athermal phonon collection efficiency in macro-calorimeters based on transition edge sensors (TES).\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Low Temperature Physics","volume":"221 1-6","pages":"265 - 288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10909-025-03330-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic Susceptibility, Specific Heat, and Entropy of Graphene Using Non-Abelian Quantization","authors":"Xuanyu Pan,&nbsp;Liu Long","doi":"10.1007/s10909-025-03325-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10909-025-03325-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A simple nonrelativistic model is proposed using a non-Abelian magnetic quantization approach. In this model, a deformed of the Heisenberg algebra is used. In the model, the commutator of momenta is considered proportional to the pseudo-spin. Due to the use of non-commutative algebra, a linear term in the momentum is appeared. By this model, the low-energy excitations of graphene are determined. The Landau problem is solved under a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the plane. Then, the partition function is calculated for two branches: positive and negative. Finally, the thermal and magnetic properties of graphene are calculated. The results show that the magnetic susceptibility has a transition from paramagnetic to diamagnetic in each branch. The transition point depends on the temperature and magnetic field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Low Temperature Physics","volume":"221 1-6","pages":"209 - 223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic Confinement of a Bubble of Supercooled 3He-A","authors":"Luke Whitehead,&nbsp;Andrew Casey,&nbsp;Richard P. Haley,&nbsp;Petri J. Heikkinen,&nbsp;Lev V. Levitin,&nbsp;Adam J. Mayer,&nbsp;Xavier Rojas,&nbsp;Tineke Salmon,&nbsp;John Saunders,&nbsp;Alex Thomson,&nbsp;Dmitry E. Zmeev,&nbsp;Samuli Autti","doi":"10.1007/s10909-025-03328-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10909-025-03328-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We have designed and constructed a magnet surrounding a cylindrical volume of superfluid helium-3 to isolate a region of metastable, supercooled A phase, entirely surrounded by bulk A phase - isolating the ‘bubble’ from rough surfaces that can trigger the transition to the stable B phase. We outline the design of the experimental cell and magnet and show that the performance of the magnet is consistent with simulations, including the capability to produce the high field gradient required for generating a bubble. Future plans include the investigation of possible intrinsic mechanisms underpinning the A-B transition, with potential implications for early-universe cosmological phase transitions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Low Temperature Physics","volume":"221 1-6","pages":"249 - 255"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10909-025-03328-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Array of Optical Transition-Edge Sensors Fabricated by Ion-Milling Process Evaluated with Microwave Multiplexer for 100 or More Sensors","authors":"Takahiro Kikuchi,&nbsp;Takeshi Jodoi,&nbsp;Nao Kominato,&nbsp;Ryota Hayakawa,&nbsp;Tetsuya Tsuruta,&nbsp;Go Fujii,&nbsp;Kaori Hattori,&nbsp;Daiji Fukuda,&nbsp;Fuminori Hirayama,&nbsp;Akira Sato","doi":"10.1007/s10909-025-03324-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10909-025-03324-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The optical transition-edge sensor (TES) pushes the boundary on fault-tolerant photonic quantum computers and low-invasive bio-imaging systems. As these systems evolve, there is an increasing demand for using a TES array comprising many sensors, often exceeding one hundred. Critical temperature <span>(T_c)</span> of the TESes should be uniform to ensure that all TESes operate at the same bias point with a series-bias current. Using an ion-milling process, we fabricate new titanium-based TES arrays consisting of 40 TESes. Each TES has lateral dimensions of 15 µm <span>(times )</span> 13 µm. Our microwave-multiplexing measurement with rf-SQUIDs confirms that 24 out of the 40 TESes exhibit <span>(T_textrm{c} = (336 pm 6),textrm{mK})</span> uniform enough to apply the common bias. The yield is still 60%; however, this is the first report on the <span>(T_textrm{c})</span> uniformity of the ion-milling-based TESes. Seven optical fibers are connected to TESes. Five out of the seven sensors show transition. They show energy resolution <span>(0.54 le {Delta }E,(textrm{eV}) le 0.62)</span> without FRM. The best energy resolution achieved without flux ramp modulation is 0.54 eV for a signal at 0.80 eV.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Low Temperature Physics","volume":"221 1-6","pages":"199 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Experimental Platform to Realize One-dimensional Quantum Fluids","authors":"Stephanie McNamara,&nbsp;Prabin Parajuli,&nbsp;Sutirtha Paul,&nbsp;Garfield Warren,&nbsp;Adrian Del Maestro,&nbsp;Paul E. Sokol","doi":"10.1007/s10909-025-03329-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10909-025-03329-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Templated porous materials like MCM-41 offer a scalable platform for studying one-dimensional quantum fluids due to their uniform structure. However, achieving true 1D helium behavior is limited by pore sizes typically larger than helium’s coherence length. Building on prior work using Ar preplating to reduce pore size and soften adsorption potentials, we propose a novel approach: preplating MCM-41 with cesium (Cs). Cs’s large atomic radius and non-wetting interaction with helium create an ideal confinement environment. Preliminary adsorption isotherms and small-angle X-ray scattering data confirm reduced pore radii, supporting the potential for realizing 1D ⁴He quantum fluids in Cs-preplated MCM-41.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Low Temperature Physics","volume":"221 1-6","pages":"256 - 264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10909-025-03329-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Quantum Analysis Model for the Irreversible Thermoacoustic Refrigerator Under the Condition of Weak Gas Degeneracy","authors":"Qing E,&nbsp;Feng Wu,&nbsp;Xiaojiang Ye,&nbsp;Ting Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10909-025-03327-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10909-025-03327-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The performance of the micro thermoacoustic refrigerator under the condition of weak gas degeneracy is studied, and a new analysis model for an irreversible quantum thermoacoustic refrigerator is established in this paper. Based on quantum statistics and thermodynamics theory, some important performance parameters of the thermoacoustic refrigerator such as the dimensionless cooling rate and the Coefficient of Performance (COP) are derived with the new model. Through numerical examples, the method to optimize the performance by adjusting some operation or structure parameters is given. At the same time, a new method to select the length of the regenerator is also found.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Low Temperature Physics","volume":"221 1-6","pages":"233 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetocaloric Properties of The Spin-2 Blume–Capel Model With Second Nearest Neighbor Interaction","authors":"M. Salama,&nbsp;H. Saadi,&nbsp;H. Kerrai,&nbsp;E. M. Jalal,&nbsp;M. El Bouanounou,&nbsp;E. B. Choubabi,&nbsp;M. El Bouziani","doi":"10.1007/s10909-025-03323-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10909-025-03323-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we investigate the magnetic, magnetocaloric, and hysteresis properties of the Spin-2 Blume–Capel model with second nearest neighbor interaction, which is a good candidate for exploring the magnetic properties of the compound LaMnO₃, within the mean-field approximation. The Hamiltonian considered includes exchange interactions between first and second neighbors (<span>(J_1)</span> and <span>(J_2)</span>), the crystal field <i>D</i>, and an external magnetic field <i>h</i>. Phase diagrams reveal the presence of a tricritical point separating first- and second-order transitions. The magnetization shows a second-order transition in the absence of the external magnetic field and a transition to a superparamagnetic phase for <span>(h/J_{2} ne 0)</span>. The magnetic entropy <span>(-Delta S_m)</span> increases with field strength, reaching a maximum of 0.272 for <span>(h/J_2 = 5)</span>, while the relative cooling power (RCP) increases linearly. Finally, the system exhibits complex hysteresis behavior, with one, three, or four loops depending on the physical parameters considered. These results highlight the potential of the compound <span>(hbox {LaMnO}_3)</span> for magnetic refrigeration applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Low Temperature Physics","volume":"221 1-6","pages":"184 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sign Change of Faraday Rotation in Uniaxially Strained Weyl Semi-metals","authors":"J. Shokoohi,&nbsp;K. Jamshidi-Ghaleh,&nbsp;A. A. Phirouznia","doi":"10.1007/s10909-025-03326-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10909-025-03326-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Faraday rotation of Weyl fermions under uniaxial strain has been investigated in which the tight-binding Hamiltonian and Kubo approach have been employed. The influence of the strain has been considered as a change of hopping parameter. Results show that the Faraday rotation angle can be controlled by the external strain. Meanwhile, results show that the sign of the Faraday rotation can be reversed at some ranges of strain and incident light frequency.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Low Temperature Physics","volume":"221 1-6","pages":"224 - 232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}