物理与天体物理最新文献

{"title":"Publisher Correction: Selective and collective actuation in active solids","authors":"P. Baconnier, D. Shohat, C. Hernández López, C. Coulais, V. Démery, G. Düring, O. Dauchot","doi":"10.1038/s41567-025-02798-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-02798-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Correction to: <i>Nature Physics</i> https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-022-01704-x, published online 18 August 2022.</p>","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating errors in analog quantum simulation by Hamiltonian reshaping or Hamiltonian rescaling","authors":"Rui-Cheng Guo, Yanwu Gu, Dong E. Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41534-025-00969-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-025-00969-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Simulating quantum many-body systems is crucial for advancing physics but poses substantial challenges for classical computers. Quantum simulations overcome these limitations, with analog simulators offering unique advantages over digital methods, such as lower systematic errors and reduced circuit depth, making them efficient for studying complex quantum phenomena. However, unlike their digital counterparts, analog quantum simulations face significant limitations due to the absence of effective error mitigation techniques. This work introduces two novel error mitigation strategies—Hamiltonian reshaping and Hamiltonian rescaling—in analog quantum simulation for tasks like eigen-energy evaluation. Hamiltonian reshaping uses random unitary transformations to generate new Hamiltonians with identical eigenvalues but varied eigenstates, allowing error reduction through averaging. Hamiltonian rescaling mitigates errors by comparing eigenvalue estimates from energy-scaled Hamiltonians. Numerical calculations validate both methods, demonstrating their significant practical effectiveness in enhancing the accuracy and reliability of analog quantum simulators.</p>","PeriodicalId":19212,"journal":{"name":"npj Quantum Information","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143049901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum theory of the Lemaître model for gravitational collapse","authors":"Claus Kiefer, Hamid Mohaddes","doi":"10.1007/s10714-025-03349-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-025-03349-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We investigate the quantum fate of the classical singularities that occur by gravitational collapse of a dust cloud. For this purpose, we address the quantization of a model first proposed by Georges Lemaître in 1933. We find that the singularities can generically be avoided. This is a consequence of unitary evolution in the quantum theory, whereby the quantum dust cloud collapses, bounces at a minimal radius and re-expands.</p>","PeriodicalId":578,"journal":{"name":"General Relativity and Gravitation","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143050012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bandwidth Enhancement of Epsilon-Near-Zero Supercoupling with Inverse-Designed Metamaterials","authors":"Pengyu Fu, Peihang Li, Yue Li","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202402014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202402014","url":null,"abstract":"Epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials exhibit unique electromagnetic properties that enable efficient wave transmission through channels of arbitrary geometry, which is known as ENZ supercoupling or tunneling. However, the supercoupling effect is typically confined to an inherent narrow bandwidth, which significantly restrict its practical applications. In this paper, a feasible method is proposed that enhanced the bandwidth of ENZ supercoupling. By optimizing the structure of an inverse-designed pixel metamaterial inserted into the ENZ channel, multiple Fabry-Perot (FP) modes are properly regulated and coupled, facilitating multimode superposition to enhance the bandwidth for high-efficiency signal transmission in ENZ channels with arbitrary geometry. Furthermore, a prototype is constructed at microwave frequency to validate the performance of the proposed method, which opens new avenues for the development of broadband and geometry-independent electromagnetic devices with the benefit of ENZ materials.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143050843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lowering the coercive field of van der Waals ferroelectric NbOI2 with photoexcitation","authors":"Qinghang Liu, Deng Hu, Hang Gao, Zhiwei Wang, Qinsheng Wang","doi":"10.1063/5.0240482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0240482","url":null,"abstract":"Polarization switching in van der Waals ferroelectric materials driven by an electric field remains robust even at the atomic layer limit, paving the way for advances in the miniaturization and integration of ferroelectric devices. Thus, understanding the modulation of ferroelectric properties in two-dimensional ferroelectric materials is essential for their efficient nanoscale applications. NbOI2, a recently confirmed van der Waals ferroelectric, offers an ideal platform for investigating in-plane spontaneous polarization at the nanoscale. We explored the influence of laser excitation on the ferroelectric polarization properties of NbOI2. In multilayer NbOI2 devices with in-plane configurations, no significant current signals were detected along the c-axis or b-axis (the ferroelectric polarization axis) in the absence of illumination. However, under laser excitation, the material exhibited clear hysteresis loop behavior along both the c-axis and b-axis, indicating that laser excitation effectively reduces the coercive voltage. Furthermore, at the same excitation wavelength, the current peak along the c-axis was larger, with more pronounced hysteresis loops. Our experimental findings demonstrate that laser excitation can lower the coercive field in multilayer NbOI2 and induce different electrical hysteresis behavior along different crystallographic orientations, providing valuable insights for the development of NbOI2-based optoelectronic devices.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stretchable wearable thermoelectric generator from in situ reaction wavy tellurium films","authors":"Dongmei Liu, Dunren He, Huihui Huang","doi":"10.1063/5.0251708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0251708","url":null,"abstract":"Recent years have witnessed substantial advancements in wearable thermoelectric generators (TEGs) leveraging 2D thin-film structures. However, the rational design of TEGs that harmonizes high output performance, stretchability, and comfort remains a challenge. Herein, p-type and n-type thermoelectric units are alternately arranged on a flexible tellurium (Te) film using a solvothermal method combined with an in situ reaction. This methodology facilitates the fabrication of a wearable wavy structure TEG with an impressive stretchability of up to 300%. The effect of the geometric parameters of the wavy structure on TEG performance is explored. The designed TEG with three p–n pairs (TEG-3pn) achieves an open-circuit voltage output of 50.46 mV at a temperature difference of 60 K. Demonstrations of thermal energy harvesting from the human wrist and a hot water cup underscored the TEG's efficient exploitation of vertical temperature gradients and its versatility for diverse applications. This work provides a straightforward and practical strategy for designing thin-film-based 3D TEGs, addressing both structural considerations and the impact of geometric parameters on performance.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monochromatic mass spectrum of primordial black holes","authors":"Matthew Kleban, Cameron Norton","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.023538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.023538","url":null,"abstract":"During slow-roll inflation, nonperturbative transitions can produce bubbles of metastable vacuum. These bubbles expand exponentially during inflation to superhorizon size, and later collapse into black holes when the expansion of the Universe is decelerating. Estimating the rate for these transitions during a time-dependent slow-roll phase requires the development of new techniques. Our results show that in a broad class of models, the inflationary fine-tuning that gives rise to small density fluctuations causes these bubbles to appear only during a time interval that is short compared to the inflationary Hubble time. As a result, despite the fact that the final mass of the black hole is exponentially sensitive to the moment bubbles form during inflation, the resulting primordial black hole mass spectrum can be nearly monochromatic. If the transition occurs near the middle of inflation, the mass can fall in the “asteroid” range 10</a:mn>17</a:mn></a:msup>–</a:mi>10</a:mn>22</a:mn></a:msup></a:mtext></a:mtext>g</a:mi></a:math> in which all known observations are compatible with black holes comprising 100% of dark matter. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultraviolet-Complete Local Field Theory of Persistent Symmetry Breaking in 2+1 Dimensions","authors":"Bilal Hawashin, Junchen Rong, Michael M. Scherer","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.041602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.041602","url":null,"abstract":"Spontaneous symmetry breaking can persist at all temperatures in certain biconical O</a:mi>(</a:mo>N</a:mi>)</a:mo>×</a:mo>Z</a:mi></a:mrow>2</a:mn></a:mrow></a:msub></a:mrow></a:math> vector models when the underlying field theories are ultraviolet complete. So far, the existence of such theories has been established in fractional dimensions for local but nonunitary models or in <g:math xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><g:mrow><g:mn>2</g:mn><g:mo>+</g:mo><g:mn>1</g:mn></g:mrow></g:math> dimensions but for nonlocal models. Here, we study local models at zero and finite temperature directly in <i:math xmlns:i=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><i:mrow><i:mn>2</i:mn><i:mo>+</i:mo><i:mn>1</i:mn></i:mrow></i:math> dimensions employing functional methods. At zero temperature, we establish that our approach describes the quantum critical behavior with good accuracy for all <k:math xmlns:k=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><k:mi>N</k:mi><k:mo>≥</k:mo><k:mn>2</k:mn></k:math>. We then exhibit the mechanism of discrete symmetry breaking from <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><m:mrow><m:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">O</m:mi><m:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</m:mo><m:mi>N</m:mi><m:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</m:mo><m:mo>×</m:mo><m:msub><m:mrow><m:mi mathvariant=\"double-struck\">Z</m:mi></m:mrow><m:mrow><m:mn>2</m:mn></m:mrow></m:msub><m:mo stretchy=\"false\">→</m:mo><m:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">O</m:mi><m:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</m:mo><m:mi>N</m:mi><m:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</m:mo></m:mrow></m:math> for increasing temperature near the biconical critical point when <w:math xmlns:w=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><w:mi>N</w:mi></w:math> is finite but large. We calculate the corresponding finite-temperature phase diagram and further show that the Hohenberg-Mermin-Wagner theorem is fully respected within this approach, i.e., symmetry breaking only occurs in the <y:math xmlns:y=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><y:msub><y:mi mathvariant=\"double-struck\">Z</y:mi><y:mn>2</y:mn></y:msub></y:math> sector. Finally, we determine the critical <bb:math xmlns:bb=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><bb:mi>N</bb:mi></bb:math> above which this phenomenon can be observed to be <db:math xmlns:db=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><db:msub><db:mi>N</db:mi><db:mi>c</db:mi></db:msub><db:mo>≈</db:mo><db:mn>15</db:mn></db:math>. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bounds on Lorentz and CPT violation from the 1S−2P transition in antihydrogen","authors":"Arnaldo J. Vargas","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.015032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.015032","url":null,"abstract":"A model for the Lorentz- and C</a:mi>P</a:mi>T</a:mi></a:math>-violating frequency shift for the antihydrogen <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mrow><c:mn>1</c:mn><c:mi>S</c:mi><c:mtext>−</c:mtext><c:mn>2</c:mn><c:mi>P</c:mi></c:mrow></c:math> transition in the presence of an external magnetic field is derived. Using the recent measurement of the <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mrow><e:mn>1</e:mn><e:mi>S</e:mi><e:mtext>−</e:mtext><e:mn>2</e:mn><e:mi>P</e:mi></e:mrow></e:math> transition frequency in antihydrogen by the ALPHA collaboration, which they demonstrated agrees with predictions from the Standard Model of particle physics, we establish the first constraints on 26 effective coefficients for Lorentz and <g:math xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><g:mi>C</g:mi><g:mi>P</g:mi><g:mi>T</g:mi></g:math> violation. Also, this work uses these results to underscore the value of measuring multiple transition frequencies to test <i:math xmlns:i=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><i:mi>C</i:mi><i:mi>P</i:mi><i:mi>T</i:mi></i:math> symmetry through antihydrogen spectroscopy, emphasizing the advantages of transitions involving states with higher angular momentum. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In dopant enabled resonant level for thermoelectric enhancements in PbSnGeTe3","authors":"Dan Zhang, Manzhe Zhao, Jiandong Liu, Hongli Wang, Ping He, Xingyuan San, Junyou Yang, Yubo Luo, Shufang Wang","doi":"10.1063/5.0250382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0250382","url":null,"abstract":"Resonant level engineering is an effective strategy to increase the Seebeck coefficient of thermoelectric semiconductors for high performance. Herein, we report a significant enhancement of the thermoelectric performance of PbSnGeTe3 over a wide temperature region through the In doping induced resonant level. Due to the simultaneously strengthened effective mass by inducing resonant levels nearby the Fermi level and decreased carrier concentration, a considerably improved Seebeck coefficient is obtained in In-doped PbSnGeTe3 and thereby the greatly increased power factor. The decreased carrier concentrations resulting from In substitution can also suppress the electronic thermal conductivity for a decreased thermal conductivity. The enhanced power factor and reduced thermal conductivity finally contribute to an extraordinarily high average ZT of 0.93 between 300 and 773 K in PbSnGeTe3. These observations demonstrate the viability of resonant levels in advancing thermoelectric materials with intrinsically high carrier concentrations.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143055327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}