物理与天体物理最新文献

{"title":"Restoration of cooling water quality in a stand-alone accelerator facility","authors":"P. Steier,&nbsp;D. Baumgartner,&nbsp;M. Martschini,&nbsp;A. Priller,&nbsp;L. Unterweger,&nbsp;A. Wiederin","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cooling water quality is crucial for the reliable operation of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) instruments and particle accelerators. This paper describes the improvement of cooling water quality at the VERA facility, a stand-alone AMS installation at the University of Vienna. Inadequate quality had led to significant operational issues, including blockages in magnet coils. This paper details the restoration efforts, including system modifications and ongoing water quality management practices, aimed at ensuring long-term system stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"568 ","pages":"Article 165846"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Charge Radius and Spin–Orbit Effects in Sn Isotopes Using Density Functional Theory","authors":"Hossein Sadeghi,&nbsp;Mahdieh Ghafouri","doi":"10.1007/s13538-025-01895-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13538-025-01895-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The energy density functional (EDF) theory is an essential microscopic approach used in theoretical nuclear physics to study the nuclear structure of heavy nuclei on a large scale. In this research, density functional theory (DFT) solvers were utilized to solve self-consistent equations for both spherical and deformed shapes. The effects of spin–orbit density, energy, and charge radius of Sn isotopes were analyzed using the Skyrme Hartree Fock (SHF) and Skyrme Hartree Fock Bogolyubov (SHFB) methods, which take into account pairing interactions that vary with density. The calculated radius for both spherical and deformed states was compared to experimental data to evaluate the influence of deformation. These comparisons are usually performed using the Hartree Fock Bogolyubov (HFB) or the Hartree Fock BCS (HFBCS) method. The consistency of our findings with those obtained from the spherical RMF(Relativistic Mean-Field)-PC code strengthens the reliability of our conclusions. These results are significant as they allow for an accurate assessment of the force distribution within uniform spherical Nuclei.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":499,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Physics","volume":"55 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RFI-HWT: Hybrid deep-learning algorithm for advanced RFI mitigation in radio astronomy","authors":"Zi-Yi You, Jian-Gang Luo, Yun-Rong Pan, Li Zhang, Lang Wang, Shuo Xiao, Ru-Shuang Zhao, Qi-Jun Zhi, Mao Yuan, Pei Wang, Zhi Ma, Jia-Tao Jiang, Xin Xu, Si-Yao Li","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202554423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202554423","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Context<i/>. High-sensitivity radio telescopes face increasing challenges of radio frequency interference (RFI) from various sources, including communication base stations, TV broadcasts, satellite signals, and so on. This RFI degrades the quality of observational data, posing a significant obstacle to the detection of pulsars and fast radio bursts (FRBs). Consequently, the development of effective RFI mitigation techniques is crucial.<i>Aims<i/>. To address this issue, this study aims to develop an advanced RFI mitigation algorithm, RFI-HWT, to overcome the limitations of existing machine-learning-based methods by integrating multi-scale and multidirectional signal decomposition with deep-learning-based denoising.<i>Methods<i/>. RFI-HWT integrates the multilevel two-dimensional wavelet transform (2D WT) with a deep-learning denoising model, namely DnCNN, to accurately identify and eliminate RFI via multi-scale and multidirectional signal decomposition. Furthermore, our model employs a self-training semi-supervised learning strategy, effectively utilizing both limited labeled and abundant unlabeled data during training to enhance its generalization and adaptability.<i>Results<i/>. Preliminary experiments on FAST and Parkes datasets demonstrate RFI-HWT’s superior performance: it achieves a 15% average signal-to-noise ratio (Avg.S/N) enhancement and 14% average structural similarity index measure (ASSIM) improvement over PRESTO’s “rfifind” method, outperforms the original 2D WT (11% Avg.S/N, 12% ASSIM gains), and surpasses the representative deep-learning methods RFI-Net (3.26% Avg.S/N, 4.46% ASSIM) and RFDL (2.12% Avg.S/N, 2.71% ASSIM). Furthermore, higher precision, recall, and F1-score values across both datasets confirm its strong generalization capability. CUDA parallelization ensures efficient processing while maintaining excellent performance.<i>Conclusions<i/>. These findings demonstrate that RFI-HWT is a feasible solution for mitigating multiple types of RFI sources and is capable of improving the data quality and efficiency of pulsar and FRB searches with high-sensitivity telescopes.","PeriodicalId":8571,"journal":{"name":"Astronomy & Astrophysics","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144995565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extreme value distribution for gamma-ray-burst prompt data","authors":"S. Covino","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202555059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202555059","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Context<i/>. Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are known to be unpredictable in time and position. A few (observationally) exceptional events have been observed, such as GRB 221009A, which stands out for having a fluence and peak flux orders of magnitude higher than what has been measured so far.<i>Aims<i/>. Analysing the observed fluence, peak flux, or duration distributions typically requires one to assume some scenarios, and the consistency of the observed data with the predictions turns out to be an important model diagnostic. However, it is also of interest to model these distributions using general statistical properties that do not rely on specific model assumptions, allowing one to derive inferences only based on the consistency of the observed distributions with the hypothesis of one single population of events that generate them.<i>Methods<i/>. We obtained fluences, peak fluxes, and durations from the catalogues of GRBs observed by the CGRO-BATSE and Fermi-GBM instruments. We selected the extreme values in slots of equal duration and modelled their distributions using the generalised extreme value (GEV) formalism. The GEV distribution is a limit distribution naturally arising when the number of observations is large and is essentially independent of the phenomena producing the observed data.<i>Results<i/>. The distributions of extreme values for fluences, peak fluxes, and durations are consistent with being extracted from a single population of events, but the fluence and peak flux recorded for GRB 221009A constitute a striking exception. The probability of observing such an event, assuming it is a cosmological GRB, is low, with a median value of about one event per millennium for the fluence and about one event per century for the peak flux.","PeriodicalId":8571,"journal":{"name":"Astronomy & Astrophysics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144995572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Recent Progress in InP Quantum Dots and QLEDs: Advances in Synthesis, Architecture, and Applications","authors":"Awais Ali, Iftikhar Hussain, Hanseok Seo, Junhyeok Park, Seongkeun Oh, Dae Yang Oh, Hyung Jin Choi, Soong Ju Oh","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202501169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202501169","url":null,"abstract":"Indium phosphide (InP) quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as eco‐friendly alternatives to cadmium‐based QDs, offering high tunability, excellent color purity, and promising potential for next‐generation optoelectronic devices such as quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs). However, their integration into commercial technologies continues to face critical challenges, most notably, the enhancement of photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) at the material level and the external quantum efficiency (EQE) at the device level. Although recent advances in colloidal synthesis and surface engineering have led to significant improvements in PLQY, effectively transferring these enhancements to achieve high EQE in QLEDs remains a major hurdle due to limitations in charge injection, charge balance, and interfacial losses. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the progress in InP QD development, focusing on key advancements in colloidal synthesis, core/shell engineering, charge transport layers, interfacial modification, and carrier dynamics. The historical evolution of InP QDs from their initial synthesis in 1989 to their growing role in QLEDs post‐2011 is examined in detail, along with persistent issues such as parasitic emission, charge imbalance, and device instability. Finally, the review explores emerging applications in flexible electronics, wearable displays, a nd high‐resolution LED arrays, and suggests future research directions aimed at enhancing efficiency, stability, and scalability for commercial deployment.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anisotropic conformal Carroll field theories and their gravity duals","authors":"Emilie Despontin,&nbsp;Stéphane Detournay,&nbsp;Sudipta Dutta,&nbsp;Dima Fontaine","doi":"10.1007/JHEP09(2025)056","DOIUrl":"10.1007/JHEP09(2025)056","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We investigate anisotropic conformal Carroll field theories and their holographic duals. On the field theory side, we focus on the case with scaling exponent <i>z</i> = 0 in two and three spacetime dimensions. These theories exhibit infinite-dimensional symmetry algebras, including supertranslations and superrotations, and are closely related to, but distinct from, Warped Conformal Field Theories. We construct the associated Carrollian stress tensor, derive its transformation properties, and analyse the structure of correlation functions under different choices of vacua. On the gravity side, we identify specific plane-wave spacetime geometries realizing the global anisotropic conformal Carroll symmetries. We propose, for each scaling exponent, a phase space of asymptotically-plane wave spacetimes and show that the residual diffeomorphisms reproduce the expected infinite-dimensional conformal Carroll algebra, establishing a framework for anisotropic Carrollian holography.</p>","PeriodicalId":635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","volume":"2025 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/JHEP09(2025)056.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gravity, finite duality cascades and confinement","authors":"Fabrizio Aramini,&nbsp;Riccardo Argurio,&nbsp;Matteo Bertolini,&nbsp;Eduardo García-Valdecasas,&nbsp;Pietro Moroni","doi":"10.1007/JHEP09(2025)054","DOIUrl":"10.1007/JHEP09(2025)054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cascading RG flows are characteristic of <span>( mathcal{N} )</span> = 1 gauge theories realized by D3-branes probing singularities in the presence of fractional branes. A celebrated example is the Klebanov-Strassler model, which exhibits an infinite cascade that ends with confinement. In this work, we explore a related setup where the addition of an orientifold plane modifies the cascade structure: the RG flow now consists of a finite number of steps, originating from a UV fixed point with a finite number of degrees of freedom. We provide a supergravity solution dual to this flow, that reproduces all its salient features. The string frame curvature can be kept small up to parametrically large values of the holographic coordinate, larger than the one at which the first cascade step occurs.</p>","PeriodicalId":635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","volume":"2025 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/JHEP09(2025)054.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling Phonon-Mediated Depolarization Pathways of Interlayer Excitons in WSSe/WSe2 Heterostructures","authors":"Yaojie Zhu, Hui Ma, Ruixue Bai, Xilin Zhang, Yanbo Ren, Zuowei Yan, Xiaoshan Du, Rui Zhou, Chongyun Jiang","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.5c01035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c01035","url":null,"abstract":"The electron–hole exchange interaction and phonon-induced spin relaxation are critical factors for the depolarization of the valley information in two-dimensional systems. As for the transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) ternary alloys, prominent phonon-mediated intervalley scattering is expected due to the piezo-effect and lattice deformation. In our work, we demonstrate the dissimilar lifetime of the valley depolarization and intervalley scattering of the interlayer excitons in the TMDC ternary-based vdWHSs, where the intervalley scattering time of ∼20 ns in the 1L-WSSe/1L-WSe₂ vdWHS is significantly greater than the valley depolarization lifetime of ∼2 ns. Phonon-mediated pathways are crucial for intervalley scattering in the presence of a magnetic field. The intervalley scattering can be enhanced by interlayer hopping and suppressed by encapsulation. The encapsulation-suppressed intervalley scattering enables the exciton valley Hall effect in the presence of a pseudomagnetic field in the 1L-WS₂/1L-WSSe/1L-WSe₂ vdWHS. Our results provide deeper insights into the valley depolarization dynamics in TMDC ternary-based vdWHSs for developing valleytronic devices.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"304 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145007187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microwave-to-optical quantum transduction with antiferromagnets","authors":"Akihiko Sekine, Ryo Murakami, and Yoshiyasu Doi","doi":"10.1103/m52p-sp6d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/m52p-sp6d","url":null,"abstract":"The quantum transduction, or equivalently quantum frequency conversion, between microwave and optical photons is essential for realizing scalable quantum computers with superconducting qubits. Due to the large frequency difference between microwave and optical ranges, the transduction needs to be done via intermediate bosonic modes or nonlinear processes. Regarding the transduction mediated by magnons, previous studies have so far utilized ferromagnetic magnons in ferromagnets. Here, we formulate a theory for the microwave-to-optical quantum transduction mediated by antiferromagnetic magnons in antiferromagnets. We derive analytical expressions for the transduction efficiency in the cases with and without an optical cavity, where a microwave cavity is used in both cases. In contrast to the case of the quantum transduction using ferromagnets, we find that the quantum transduction can occur even in the absence of an external static magnetic field. We also find that, in the case with an optical cavity the transduction efficiency takes a peak structure with respect to the sample thickness, indicating that there exists an optimal thickness, whereas in the case without an optical cavity the transduction efficiency is a monotonically increasing function of the sample thickness. Our study opens up a way for possible applications of antiferromagnetic materials in future quantum interconnects.","PeriodicalId":20082,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review B","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145007291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Little impact of mergers and galaxy morphology on the production and escape of ionizing photons in the early Universe","authors":"S. Mascia, L. Pentericci, M. Llerena, A. Calabrò, J. Matthee, S. Flury, F. Pacucci, A. Jaskot, R. O. Amorín, R. Bhatawdekar, M. Castellano, N. Cleri, L. Costantin, K. Davis, C. Di Cesare, M. Dickinson, A. Fontana, Y. Guo, M. Giavalisco, B. W. Holwerda, W. Hu, M. Huertas-Company, Intae Jung, J. Kartaltepe, D. Kashino, A. M. Koekemoer, R. A. Lucas, J. Lotz, L. Napolitano, S. Jogee, S. Wilkins","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202553760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202553760","url":null,"abstract":"Compact, star-forming galaxies with high star formation rate surface densities (Σ<sub>SFR<sub/>) are often efficient Lyman continuum (LyC) emitters at <i>z<i/> ≤ 4.5, likely because intense stellar feedback creates low-density channels that allow photons to escape. Irregular or disturbed morphologies, such as those resulting from mergers, can also facilitate LyC escape by creating anisotropic gas distributions. We investigated the influence of galaxy morphology on LyC production and escape at redshifts 5 ≤ <i>z<i/> ≤ 7 using observations from various <i>James Webb Space Telescope<i/> (JWST) surveys. Our sample consists of 436 sources, which are predominantly low-mass (∼10<sup>8.15<sup/> <i>M<i/><sub>⊙<sub/>), star-forming galaxies with ionizing photon efficiency (<i>ξ<i/><sub>ion<sub/>) values consistent with canonical expectations. Since direct measurements of <i>f<i/><sub>esc<sub/> are not possible during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR), we predicted <i>f<i/><sub>esc<sub/> for high-redshift galaxies by applying survival analysis to a subsample of LyC emitters from the Low-Redshift Lyman Continuum Survey (LzLCS), selected to be direct analogs of reionization-era galaxies. We find that these galaxies exhibit, on average, modest predicted escape fractions (∼0.04). In addition, we evaluated the correlation between morphological features and LyC emission. Our findings indicate that neither <i>ξ<i/><sub>ion<sub/> nor the predicted <i>f<i/><sub>esc<sub/> values show a significant correlation with the presence of merger signatures. This suggests that in low-mass galaxies at <i>z<i/> ≥ 5, strong morphological disturbances are not the primary mechanism driving LyC emission and leakage. Instead, compactness and star formation activity likely play a more pivotal role in regulating LyC escape.","PeriodicalId":8571,"journal":{"name":"Astronomy & Astrophysics","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144995590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}