物理与天体物理最新文献

{"title":"Revealing the Dynamics of Multiple Solitons and Soliton Pulsations in a Quartic‐Dispersion Fiber Laser","authors":"Zhenhong Wang, Yingjie Lin, Yufeng Song, Zhixiang Deng, Jun Liu, Chunxiang Zhang","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202501851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202501851","url":null,"abstract":"In the realm of ultrafast fiber lasers, emerging pure‐quartic solitons (PQSs) have attracted considerable attention owing to their unique energy‐width scaling advantage, fundamentally different from conventional second‐order dispersion solitons, and can offer unprecedented energy scaling‐up capabilities. In this paper, the complex PQS dynamics involving various soliton states, including multiple pure‐quartic solitons (MPQSs) and pulsating PQSs are observed and investigated in a passively mode‐locked fiber laser with net quartic dispersions. These underlying PQS dynamical phenomena are attributed to the interplay between the dominated fourth‐order dispersion and nonlinear effects. In the MPQS regime, several PQSs coexist in a single bunch, where the pulse separations between each other fall in the range of several hundreds of picoseconds. These PQS bunches can be termed as loosely‐bounded PQS solitons. In addition, the pulsating PQSs, manifesting periodic intensity oscillations accompanied with a variable pulse energy, are also observed. Their formation and evolution are susceptible to the pump power level, which is verified by the numerical simulations. These results can provide in‐depth insights into the intricate nonlinear dynamics of high‐order‐dispersion solitons within dissipative optical systems and the performance improvement of ultrafast fiber lasers in practical applications.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inverse Relationship Between Halophilic Growth and Cell Integrity Under Extremely Chaotropic Conditions.","authors":"Luke A Fisher, Alyson R Bovee, Jordan M McKaig, Benjamin Klempay, Alexandra Pontefract, Christopher E Carr, Britney E Schmidt, Jeff S Bowman, Douglas H Bartlett","doi":"10.1177/15311074251376365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15311074251376365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Concentrated magnesium chloride brines are extreme environments that are inhospitable to life on Earth. The ionic strength of these brines significantly depresses water activity and concomitantly exerts significant chaotropic stress. Although these brines are largely considered sterile, the well-known preservative effects of magnesium chloride on certain biomolecules, such as DNA, confound life detection approaches and efforts to constrain precisely the habitable window of life on Earth. While the ability of these brines to preserve genetic material is well documented, the preservation of whole cells, which are generally thought to be preserved in magnesium chloride brines, is poorly described. This work explores the effects of long-term exposure of highly chaotropic magnesium chloride on viability, cell integrity, and DNA preservation in the model organisms <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Salinibacter ruber</i>, <i>Halobacterium salinarum</i>, and <i>Haloquadratum walsbyi</i>. The selected halophiles are relevant for this study as they are abundant and globally distributed in brine environments, while <i>E. coli</i> was chosen to represent infall or transport of non-adapted cells. We observed unexpected resilience in <i>E. coli</i>, which survived in 4 M magnesium chloride for longer than the tested halophiles, and nonviable cells maintained structural whole-cell integrity for over 3 years. Whole <i>S. ruber</i> cells were also preserved in 4 M magnesium chloride, while the tested haloarchaea lost viability and completely degraded within hours of exposure. DNA from all tested strains was recovered from incubations after upwards of 3 years of exposure; it showed some signs of degradation but was nonetheless still amplifiable via polymerase chain reaction. Our work demonstrates that the preservation of whole cells in magnesium chloride brines is not universal. Considering the potential abundance of chaotropic brine environments within our solar system, understanding the limits of life and the preservation of biosignatures in these brines is critical to inform future life detection missions on Earth and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymptotic analysis for rarefaction problem of the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation with discrete spectrum","authors":"Deng-Shan Wang,&nbsp;Dinghao Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s11005-025-01985-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11005-025-01985-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The long-time asymptotic behaviors of the rarefaction problem for the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation with discrete spectrum are analyzed via the Riemann–Hilbert formulation. It is shown that for the rarefaction problem with pure step initial condition there are three asymptotic sectors in time–space: the plane wave sector, the 1-phase elliptic wave sector and the vacuum sector, while for the rarefaction problem with general initial data there are five asymptotic sectors in time–space: the plane wave sector, the sector of plane wave with soliton transmission, the sector of plane wave with phase shift, the sector of 1-phase elliptic wave with phase shift and the vacuum sector with phase shift. The leading-order term of each sector along with the corresponding error estimate is given by adopting the Deift–Zhou nonlinear steepest-descent method for Riemann–Hilbert problems. The asymptotic solutions match very well with the results from Whitham modulation theory and the direct numerical simulations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":685,"journal":{"name":"Letters in Mathematical Physics","volume":"115 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Time Analysis of a Pair of On-lattice and Continuous Run-and-tumble Particles with Jamming Interactions","authors":"Arnaud Guillin,&nbsp;Leo Hahn,&nbsp;Manon Michel","doi":"10.1007/s10955-025-03485-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10955-025-03485-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Run-and-Tumble Particles (RTPs) are a key model of active matter. They are characterized by alternating phases of linear travel and random direction reshuffling. By this dynamic behavior, they break time reversibility and energy conservation at the microscopic level. It leads to complex out-of-equilibrium phenomena such as collective motion, pattern formation, and motility-induced phase separation (MIPS). In this work, we study two fundamental dynamical models of a pair of RTPs with jamming interactions and provide a rigorous link between their discrete- and continuous-space descriptions. We demonstrate that as the lattice spacing vanishes, the discrete models converge to a continuous RTP model on the torus, described by a Piecewise Deterministic Markov Process (PDMP). This establishes that the invariant measures of the discrete models converge to that of the continuous model, which reveals finite mass at jamming configurations and exponential decay away from them. This indicates effective attraction, which is consistent with MIPS. Furthermore, we quantitatively explore the convergence towards the invariant measure. Such convergence study is critical for understanding and characterizing how MIPS emerges over time. Because RTP systems are non-reversible, usual methods may fail or are limited to qualitative results. Instead, we adopt a coupling approach to obtain more accurate, non-asymptotic bounds on mixing times. The findings thus provide deeper theoretical insights into the mixing times of these RTP systems, revealing the presence of both persistent and diffusive regimes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Statistical Physics","volume":"192 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization and robustness analysis of tilt and piston solving methods based on 2D interferometric image","authors":"Zhiqiang Gao ,&nbsp;Xiaoyong Xu ,&nbsp;Yu Deng ,&nbsp;Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Pu Zhou ,&nbsp;Pengfei Ma ,&nbsp;Lei Si","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The implementation of decoupled control of tilt and piston is an important topic in coherent beam combining of fiber lasers. In this paper, the decoupling solution of tilt and piston is investigated based on two-dimensional interferometric images. In order to achieve high-precision solution of piston and tilt, the effectiveness and accuracy of three methods: direct solution, integral-based optimization method and fitting-based optimization method were compared. The research results indicate that the accuracy of the fitting method is superior to the other two methods. Besides, the robustness of the fitting-based optimization method is demonstrated for its solution in the presence of inconsistent light intensity and detection noise, which confirms that the fitting-based optimization method can be applied to high-precision tilt piston integrated correction in practical systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 113836"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restoration of cooling water quality in a stand-alone accelerator facility","authors":"P. Steier,&nbsp;D. Baumgartner,&nbsp;M. Martschini,&nbsp;A. Priller,&nbsp;L. Unterweger,&nbsp;A. Wiederin","doi":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cooling water quality is crucial for the reliable operation of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) instruments and particle accelerators. This paper describes the improvement of cooling water quality at the VERA facility, a stand-alone AMS installation at the University of Vienna. Inadequate quality had led to significant operational issues, including blockages in magnet coils. This paper details the restoration efforts, including system modifications and ongoing water quality management practices, aimed at ensuring long-term system stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19380,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms","volume":"568 ","pages":"Article 165846"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Charge Radius and Spin–Orbit Effects in Sn Isotopes Using Density Functional Theory","authors":"Hossein Sadeghi,&nbsp;Mahdieh Ghafouri","doi":"10.1007/s13538-025-01895-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13538-025-01895-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The energy density functional (EDF) theory is an essential microscopic approach used in theoretical nuclear physics to study the nuclear structure of heavy nuclei on a large scale. In this research, density functional theory (DFT) solvers were utilized to solve self-consistent equations for both spherical and deformed shapes. The effects of spin–orbit density, energy, and charge radius of Sn isotopes were analyzed using the Skyrme Hartree Fock (SHF) and Skyrme Hartree Fock Bogolyubov (SHFB) methods, which take into account pairing interactions that vary with density. The calculated radius for both spherical and deformed states was compared to experimental data to evaluate the influence of deformation. These comparisons are usually performed using the Hartree Fock Bogolyubov (HFB) or the Hartree Fock BCS (HFBCS) method. The consistency of our findings with those obtained from the spherical RMF(Relativistic Mean-Field)-PC code strengthens the reliability of our conclusions. These results are significant as they allow for an accurate assessment of the force distribution within uniform spherical Nuclei.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":499,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Physics","volume":"55 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RFI-HWT: Hybrid deep-learning algorithm for advanced RFI mitigation in radio astronomy","authors":"Zi-Yi You, Jian-Gang Luo, Yun-Rong Pan, Li Zhang, Lang Wang, Shuo Xiao, Ru-Shuang Zhao, Qi-Jun Zhi, Mao Yuan, Pei Wang, Zhi Ma, Jia-Tao Jiang, Xin Xu, Si-Yao Li","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202554423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202554423","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Context<i/>. High-sensitivity radio telescopes face increasing challenges of radio frequency interference (RFI) from various sources, including communication base stations, TV broadcasts, satellite signals, and so on. This RFI degrades the quality of observational data, posing a significant obstacle to the detection of pulsars and fast radio bursts (FRBs). Consequently, the development of effective RFI mitigation techniques is crucial.<i>Aims<i/>. To address this issue, this study aims to develop an advanced RFI mitigation algorithm, RFI-HWT, to overcome the limitations of existing machine-learning-based methods by integrating multi-scale and multidirectional signal decomposition with deep-learning-based denoising.<i>Methods<i/>. RFI-HWT integrates the multilevel two-dimensional wavelet transform (2D WT) with a deep-learning denoising model, namely DnCNN, to accurately identify and eliminate RFI via multi-scale and multidirectional signal decomposition. Furthermore, our model employs a self-training semi-supervised learning strategy, effectively utilizing both limited labeled and abundant unlabeled data during training to enhance its generalization and adaptability.<i>Results<i/>. Preliminary experiments on FAST and Parkes datasets demonstrate RFI-HWT’s superior performance: it achieves a 15% average signal-to-noise ratio (Avg.S/N) enhancement and 14% average structural similarity index measure (ASSIM) improvement over PRESTO’s “rfifind” method, outperforms the original 2D WT (11% Avg.S/N, 12% ASSIM gains), and surpasses the representative deep-learning methods RFI-Net (3.26% Avg.S/N, 4.46% ASSIM) and RFDL (2.12% Avg.S/N, 2.71% ASSIM). Furthermore, higher precision, recall, and F1-score values across both datasets confirm its strong generalization capability. CUDA parallelization ensures efficient processing while maintaining excellent performance.<i>Conclusions<i/>. These findings demonstrate that RFI-HWT is a feasible solution for mitigating multiple types of RFI sources and is capable of improving the data quality and efficiency of pulsar and FRB searches with high-sensitivity telescopes.","PeriodicalId":8571,"journal":{"name":"Astronomy & Astrophysics","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144995565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extreme value distribution for gamma-ray-burst prompt data","authors":"S. Covino","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202555059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202555059","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Context<i/>. Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are known to be unpredictable in time and position. A few (observationally) exceptional events have been observed, such as GRB 221009A, which stands out for having a fluence and peak flux orders of magnitude higher than what has been measured so far.<i>Aims<i/>. Analysing the observed fluence, peak flux, or duration distributions typically requires one to assume some scenarios, and the consistency of the observed data with the predictions turns out to be an important model diagnostic. However, it is also of interest to model these distributions using general statistical properties that do not rely on specific model assumptions, allowing one to derive inferences only based on the consistency of the observed distributions with the hypothesis of one single population of events that generate them.<i>Methods<i/>. We obtained fluences, peak fluxes, and durations from the catalogues of GRBs observed by the CGRO-BATSE and Fermi-GBM instruments. We selected the extreme values in slots of equal duration and modelled their distributions using the generalised extreme value (GEV) formalism. The GEV distribution is a limit distribution naturally arising when the number of observations is large and is essentially independent of the phenomena producing the observed data.<i>Results<i/>. The distributions of extreme values for fluences, peak fluxes, and durations are consistent with being extracted from a single population of events, but the fluence and peak flux recorded for GRB 221009A constitute a striking exception. The probability of observing such an event, assuming it is a cosmological GRB, is low, with a median value of about one event per millennium for the fluence and about one event per century for the peak flux.","PeriodicalId":8571,"journal":{"name":"Astronomy & Astrophysics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144995572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Recent Progress in InP Quantum Dots and QLEDs: Advances in Synthesis, Architecture, and Applications","authors":"Awais Ali, Iftikhar Hussain, Hanseok Seo, Junhyeok Park, Seongkeun Oh, Dae Yang Oh, Hyung Jin Choi, Soong Ju Oh","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202501169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202501169","url":null,"abstract":"Indium phosphide (InP) quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as eco‐friendly alternatives to cadmium‐based QDs, offering high tunability, excellent color purity, and promising potential for next‐generation optoelectronic devices such as quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs). However, their integration into commercial technologies continues to face critical challenges, most notably, the enhancement of photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) at the material level and the external quantum efficiency (EQE) at the device level. Although recent advances in colloidal synthesis and surface engineering have led to significant improvements in PLQY, effectively transferring these enhancements to achieve high EQE in QLEDs remains a major hurdle due to limitations in charge injection, charge balance, and interfacial losses. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the progress in InP QD development, focusing on key advancements in colloidal synthesis, core/shell engineering, charge transport layers, interfacial modification, and carrier dynamics. The historical evolution of InP QDs from their initial synthesis in 1989 to their growing role in QLEDs post‐2011 is examined in detail, along with persistent issues such as parasitic emission, charge imbalance, and device instability. Finally, the review explores emerging applications in flexible electronics, wearable displays, a nd high‐resolution LED arrays, and suggests future research directions aimed at enhancing efficiency, stability, and scalability for commercial deployment.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}