物理与天体物理最新文献

{"title":"Nonlocal transfer of high-dimensional unitary operations","authors":"Dilip Paneru, Francesco Di Colandrea, Alessio D'Errico, Ebrahim Karimi","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-09-11-1855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-09-11-1855","url":null,"abstract":"Highly correlated biphoton states are powerful resources in quantum optics, both for fundamental tests of the theory and practical applications. In particular, high-dimensional spatial correlation has been used in several quantum information processing and sensing tasks, for instance, in ghost imaging experiments along with several quantum key distribution protocols. Here, we introduce a technique that exploits spatial correlations, whereby one can nonlocally access the result of an arbitrary unitary operator on an arbitrary input state without the need to perform any operation themselves. The method is experimentally validated on a set of spatially periodic unitary operations in one-dimensional and two-dimensional spaces. Our findings pave the way for efficiently distributing quantum simulations and computations in future instances of quantum networks where users with limited resources can nonlocally access the results of complex unitary transformations via a centrally located quantum processor.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of galaxy catalogues for following up gravitational wave events","authors":"TAMOJEET ROYCHOWDHURY,&nbsp;HARSH CHOUDHARY,&nbsp;VARUN BHALERAO,&nbsp;DAVID O. COOK,&nbsp;VIRAJ KARAMBELKAR,&nbsp;MANSI M. KASLIWAL,&nbsp;HARSH KUMAR,&nbsp;SURHUD MORE,&nbsp;GAURAV WARATKAR","doi":"10.1007/s12036-025-10097-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12036-025-10097-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The detection of gravitational waves (GW) by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) network has opened up a new era in astrophysics. The identification of the electromagnetic counterparts of GW sources is crucial for multi-messenger astronomy, one way of which is to use galaxy catalogues to guide optical follow-up observations. In this paper, we test the utility of a galaxy-targeted approach with mass prioritised galaxy ranking for the ongoing LIGO O4 run. We have used the simulated results for the expected LIGO O4 events and the NED-LVS galaxy catalogue, and based our study on small field of view telescopes, specifically the GROWTH-India Telescope (GIT). With the increase in sensitivity of LIGO/Virgo in the ongoing observing run O4, the expected number of total detections have gone up, but most of these are also now poorly localised. We show that a larger volume covered in the same field-of-view (FoV) on the sky results in a large increase in the total number of galaxies in each FoV. A significant top-heaviness is observed in the mass-ranked list of galaxies, which still numbers a few thousand in most cases. At larger distances, such high numbers of deep follow-up observations are infeasible in most cases, rendering galaxy catalogues useful in limited cases. However, these are still useful at lower distances where LVK detectors are currently sensitive and where galaxy completeness is higher. We also explore the effect of mass-filling to account for galaxy catalogue incompleteness at large distances. If mass-filled probabilities are considered as the metric for ranking and coverage, we find that the conventional 2D probability search performs better than a 3D galaxy catalogue (without mass-filling) based search at distances larger than 300 Mpc (up to which NED-LVS is <span>({sim } 70)</span>% complete), and using 3D mass times probability in each tile performs better for nearby events.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":610,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy","volume":"46 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negative bias threshold voltage instability and gate reliability in GaN tri-gate HEMTs with ferroelectric charge-trap gate stack","authors":"Rahul Rai, Khanh Quoc Nguyen, Hung Duy Tran, Viet Quoc Ho, Chee How Lu, Jui Sheng Wu, You Chen Weng, Baquer Mazhari, Edward Yi Chang","doi":"10.1063/5.0283587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0283587","url":null,"abstract":"This study demonstrates trap-induced threshold voltage (VTH) instability in hybrid ferroelectric charge-trap tri-gate high-electron-mobility transistors under temperature and negative bias stress. By applying a moderate negative gate bias (−5 V) over a temperature range of 25–150 °C, we analyze the charge-trapping/detrapping dynamics at the Fin sidewall and dielectric interfaces. Activation energy (Ea) of 0.74 eV confirms the temperature-dependent nature of the trapping mechanisms. Furthermore, partial VTH recovery after stress removal highlights the presence of deep-level sidewall traps with a slow detrapping process. Additionally, by extrapolating time-dependent gate dielectric breakdown (TDDB) data across high-temperature stress conditions, the device demonstrates a 10-year lifetime at 150 °C under an operating voltage of approximately 8.22 V. Furthermore, the extracted Ea ranging from 0.59 to 0.63 eV confirms the presence of deep-level traps within the AlGaN barrier layer, which contributes to the electron trapping during degradation, leading to the point-level defect generation, ultimately driving TDDB.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145035136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Passive signal increase with improved signal-to-background ratio in nonlinear light microscopy through time stretching","authors":"Guan-Yu Zhuo, Hung-Wen Chen, Yen-Shen Liu, Zu-Po Yang, Hai-Ching Su, Yen-Liang Liu, Ming-Che Chan","doi":"10.1063/5.0284042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0284042","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a method to enhance signal intensity (SI) and improve the signal-to-background ratio (SBR) in nonlinear light microscopy (NLM) by employing a simple time-stretching technique applied to nonlinear signal pulses. In our experiments, femtosecond second harmonic generation (SHG) signals were temporally broadened to the nanosecond scale through an absorption-and-remission process facilitated by a highly efficient quantum dot material positioned in front of a photomultiplier tube. This process yielded a 77% increase in SHG SI, along with improved image quality. Furthermore, the enhancement in both SI and SBR was consistently observed throughout the full imaging depth of three-dimensional collagen fiber samples. This method not only boosts signal strength and SBR simultaneously but also reduces the risk of photodamage and enables faster imaging. Owing to its simplicity, compatibility with other intensity-enhancing techniques, and ease of integration, the proposed time-stretching strategy holds significant potential for advancing both fundamental research and industrial applications in NLM.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145035140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutron stars in causal scalar-tensor theories","authors":"Mark P. Hertzberg, Oleksandr S. Stashko","doi":"10.1103/qgc2-bkjs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/qgc2-bkjs","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145035322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probing light neutralinos from pair-produced sleptons with displaced vertices at the high-luminosity LHC","authors":"Giovanna Cottin,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Helo,&nbsp;Fabián Hernández-Pinto,&nbsp;Nicolás A. Neill,&nbsp;Zeren Simon Wang","doi":"10.1007/JHEP09(2025)102","DOIUrl":"10.1007/JHEP09(2025)102","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We study light neutralinos <span>( left({overset{sim }{chi}}_1^0right) )</span> with masses ranging from 10 GeV to several hundred GeV within the framework of R-parity-violating (RPV) supersymmetry. These light neutralinos can be long-lived, decaying with a macroscopic displacement (order cm) inside the LHC main detectors. Complementing previous works on the subject, here we focus on their production through the electroweak pair production of left-chiral sleptons <span>( left({tilde{e}}_Lright) )</span>, with the signal process <i>pp</i> → <span>( {tilde{e}}_L^{+}{tilde{e}}_L^{-} )</span> → <span>( {e}^{+}{overset{sim }{chi}}_1^0{e}^{-}{overset{sim }{chi}}_1^0 )</span>. In contrast to the previous study with a singly produced slepton, where the RPV coupling <span>( {lambda}_{111}^{prime } )</span> induces <i>both</i> the production and decay of the light neutralino, in our scenario the production proceeds through Drell-Yan-like processes that are essentially independent of RPV couplings. Correspondingly, we implement a displaced-vertex search strategy for which our numerical analysis shows that the high-luminosity LHC can probe <span>( {lambda}_{111}^{prime } )</span> values up to three orders of magnitude smaller, and neutralino masses up to about four times larger than those accessible in the previously studied single-slepton production scenario.</p>","PeriodicalId":635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","volume":"2025 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/JHEP09(2025)102.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Describing Trotterized Time Evolutions on Noisy Quantum Computers via Static Effective Lindbladians","authors":"Keith R. Fratus, Kirsten Bark, Nicolas Vogt, Juha Leppäkangas, Sebastian Zanker, Michael Marthaler, Jan-Michael Reiner","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-09-11-1854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-09-11-1854","url":null,"abstract":"We consider the extent to which a Trotterized time evolution implemented on a quantum computer is altered by the presence of decoherence. Given a specific set of assumptions regarding the manner in which noise processes acting on such a device can be modeled at the circuit level, we show how the effects of noise can be reinterpreted as a shift to the dynamics of the original system being simulated. In particular, we find that this shift can be described through the use of static Lindblad noise terms, which act in addition to the original unitary dynamics. The form of these noise terms depends not only on the underlying noise processes occurring on the device, but also on the original unitary dynamics, as well as the manner in which these dynamics are simulated on the device, i.e., the choice of quantum algorithm. We call this effectively simulated open quantum system the noisy algorithm model. Our results are confirmed through numerical analysis.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnon and photon blockade in a hybrid antiferromagnet-cavity quantum system","authors":"Vemund Falch, Arne Brataas, Alireza Qaiumzadeh","doi":"10.1103/m2rq-l6fl","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/m2rq-l6fl","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20082,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review B","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetically tuned metal-insulator transition in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 nanowire arrays","authors":"Ranjani Ramachandran, Shashank Anand, Kitae Eom, Kyoungjun Lee, Dengyu Yang, Muqing Yu, Sayanwita Biswas, Aditi Nethwewala, Chang-Beom Eom, Patrick Irvin, Erica Carlson, Jeremy Levy","doi":"10.1103/zb5t-lm73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/zb5t-lm73","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20082,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review B","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spin glass effects and nonexistence of a ferromagnetic quantum critical point in the compositionally tuned FeGa3−xGex metallic quantum ferromagnets ( x=0.0−0.16 )","authors":"Stanislav Vrtnik, Primož Koželj, Magdalena Wencka, Kristian Bader, Julia Petrović, Jože Luzar, Peter Mihor, Andreja Jelen, Peter Gille, Janez Dolinšek","doi":"10.1103/8dh8-91qh","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/8dh8-91qh","url":null,"abstract":"Searching for a ferromagnetic (FM) quantum critical point of a compositionally tuned system, we have investigated experimentally the quantum phase transition (QPT) in the FeGa</a:mi>3</a:mn>−</a:mo>x</a:mi></a:mrow></a:msub>Ge</a:mi>x</a:mi></a:msub></a:mrow></a:math> (<c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><c:mrow><c:mi>x</c:mi><c:mo>=</c:mo><c:mn>0.0</c:mn><c:mo>−</c:mo><c:mn>0.16</c:mn></c:mrow></c:math>) metallic quantum ferromagnet, by using crystallographically oriented single-crystalline samples with the Ge contents <d:math xmlns:d=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><d:mi>x</d:mi></d:math> below and within the quantum critical regime. Performing the measurements of dc and ac magnetic susceptibility and <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><e:mrow><e:mi>M</e:mi><e:mo>(</e:mo><e:mi>H</e:mi><e:mo>)</e:mo></e:mrow></e:math> curves down to the temperature of 0.4 K in low magnetic fields 0.01–25 mT, and the measurements of electrical resistivity and specific heat down to 0.35 K, we found that there is no direct, continuous transition from the paramagnetic to the FM state and consequently no FM quantum critical point in the compositional phase diagram, but the QPT involves an intermediate canonical spin glass (SG) state at <f:math xmlns:f=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><f:mrow><f:mi>x</f:mi><f:mo>≈</f:mo></f:mrow></f:math> 0.12–0.16. The compositional region of the SG state is narrow, it is formed at low temperatures (the spin freezing temperatures are in the range 1.1–1.8 K) and the coupling between the spins is weak, so that the SG ordering is fragile with respect to the external magnetic field. The analysis of the ac susceptibility via the Cole-Cole diagrams in the QPT region has revealed that the slowing-down spin dynamics of the SG state remains thermally activated down to the lowest investigated temperature of 0.4 K, so that the regime of quantum fluctuations is not yet entered. The employed experimental conditions have enabled us to follow the formation of fragile magnetic ordering in the <g:math xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><g:mrow><g:msub><g:mi>FeGa</g:mi><g:mrow><g:mn>3</g:mn><g:mo>−</g:mo><g:mi>x</g:mi></g:mrow></g:msub><g:msub><g:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Ge</g:mi><g:mi>x</g:mi></g:msub></g:mrow></g:math> compositionally tuned system in its infancy state.","PeriodicalId":20082,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review B","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}