{"title":"Harnessing Intra‐Mode Forward Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Few‐Mode Optical Fibers","authors":"Yichun Li, Liang Zhang, Mengshi Zhu, Heming Wei, Xianglong Zeng, Yunqi Liu, Fufei Pang, Tingyun Wang, Marcelo A. Soto","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202402295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202402295","url":null,"abstract":"Forward stimulated Brillouin scattering (FSBS) in optical fibers has gained attention in both fundamental physics and practical applications. While FSBS involving the fundamental optical mode and guided transverse acoustic waves has been studied in different optical fibers, its behavior in few‐mode fibers and the potential for tailoring the FSBS gain spectrum through optical wave distributions remain largely unexplored. Here, the first analysis of intra‐mode FSBS is presented in few‐mode optical fibers and demonstrate the possibility of harnessing its spectral profile using high‐order optical modes. Experimental results, supported by a theoretical analysis and full vectorial finite element method simulations, demonstrate that selecting specific optical modes in few‐mode optical fibers enhances overlap between high‐order acoustic modes and optical forces, significantly boosting the amplitude of high‐order acoustic resonances. This approach offers a practical and previously unexplored mechanism to manipulate FSBS photon‐phonon interactions, creating new opportunities for studying FSBS fundamentals and paving the way for developing novel optomechanical devices.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144228546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivan Medina, Oisín Culhane, Felix C. Binder, Gabriel T. Landi, John Goold
{"title":"Anomalous Discharging of Quantum Batteries: The Ergotropic Mpemba Effect","authors":"Ivan Medina, Oisín Culhane, Felix C. Binder, Gabriel T. Landi, John Goold","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.134.220402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.220402","url":null,"abstract":"Anomalous thermal relaxation is ubiquitous in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. An emblematic example of this is the Mpemba effect, where an initially “hot” system cools faster than an initially “cooler” one. This effect has recently been studied in a variety of different classical and quantum settings. In this Letter, we find a novel signature of the Mpemba effect in the context of quantum batteries. We identify situations where batteries in higher charge states can discharge faster than less charged states. Specifically, we consider a quantum battery encoded in a single bosonic mode that is charged using unitary Gaussian operations. We show that the ergotropy, used here as a dynamical indicator of the energy stored in the battery, can be recast as a phase space relative entropy between the system’s state and the unitarily connected passive state, at each time. Our formalism allows us to compute the ergotropy analytically under dissipative dynamics and allows us to understand the conditions which give rise to a Mpemba effect. We also find situations where two batteries charged to the same value using different operations can discharge at different rates. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20069,"journal":{"name":"Physical review letters","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144228591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel sandwich-type terahertz metasurface sensor integrated ultrathin microfluidic channel for direct detection of aqueous solutions","authors":"Yunhao Cao, Hongshun Sun, Xubo Song, Zhihong Feng, Shixiong Liang, Yusa Chen, Lijun Ma, Liye Li, Wengang Wu","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2025-0099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0099","url":null,"abstract":"A considerable part of the energy of the traditional terahertz metasurface sensor located in the substrate/dielectric layer, which cannot contact and interact with the analyte, resulting in energy loss and greatly limiting the sensitivity of the sensor. In addition, the strong absorption of THz wave by water makes it difficult for THz metasurface sensor to achieve the direct detection of aqueous solution. In this paper, a novel sandwich-type THz metasurface microfluidic sensor with high sensitivity for direct detection of aqueous solution is proposed and verified. Numerical simulation results show the proposed sensor has a perfect absorption peak with high <jats:italic>Q</jats:italic>-factor of 67.55 and high <jats:italic>S</jats:italic> of 0.534 THz/RIU at 1.85 THz. The proposed sensor not only can confine all the energy in microfluidic channel greatly improving the energy utilization and light–matter interaction, but also precisely controls the liquid thickness at 3.1 μm greatly reducing the absorption of THz wave, which provides the foundation for realizing the direct detection of aqueous solutions with high sensitivity. Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> aqueous solutions of different concentrations are selected as analytes to verify the performance and feasibility of the proposed novel sensor. The offset of Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> aqueous solution with concentrations of 50, 100, 300, 500, 1,000 and 1,500 mmol/L is 13, 22, 46, 60, 93 and 115 GHz, respectively (using pure water as reference). The experiment and simulation of the sensor are basically consistent, which fully verifies the high sensing performance of the designed device and its applicability to the direct sensing of aqueous solution.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144228594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS PhotonicsPub Date : 2025-06-05DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02608
Yipeng Lun, Huakang Yu
{"title":"Noncollinear FROG Based on Monolayer MoS2 for Broadband Ultrafast Pulse Characterization","authors":"Yipeng Lun, Huakang Yu","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02608","url":null,"abstract":"The full characterization of ultrashort laser pulses is essential for ultrafast pulse generation and its associated applications. A key requirement for reliable measurement of broadband optical pulses is a sufficiently large phase-matching bandwidth. Monolayer two-dimensional material, such as transition metal dichalcogenide, with its exceptionally high second-order nonlinear susceptibility and the absence of phase-matching bandwidth limitations due to its atomic thickness, provides an ideal platform for broadband ultrashort pulse characterization. In this work, we present a noncollinear frequency-resolved optical gating technique utilizing monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub>, capable of characterizing ultrashort broadband pulses over an octave. The noncollinear second-harmonic generation configuration enables the autocorrelation signal, distinguishable by its unique spatial frequency, to be extracted with ease and without requiring additional optical adjustments or filters. Moreover, we experimentally demonstrate that this method can accurately measure dispersion-induced chirp distortions in pulses, as well as fully reconstruct the characteristics of complex and unknown pulses.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144228792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Low-power optoelectronic synaptic devices with ZnMgO in deep-ultraviolet encryption computation","authors":"Jingyang Li, Kai Chen, Chao Wu, Fengmin Wu, Shan Li, Zhengyuan Wu, Weihua Tang, Zhilai Fang, Daoyou Guo","doi":"10.1063/5.0268617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0268617","url":null,"abstract":"The realization of vision-based neuromorphic computing relies significantly on advancements in optoelectronic synaptic chip technology. Currently, the development of optoelectronic devices is mainly limited by high power consumption due to high bias voltage and low recognition rates caused by the background noise. A low-power deep-ultraviolet optoelectronic synapse device is developed by doping Mg into zinc oxide to modulate oxygen-vacancy defects. Specifically, the synaptic behavior still has excellent persistent photoconductivity response at 12 mV bias, and the low single synaptic energy consumption is 2.34 pJ. Meanwhile, the artificial neural network of the device is constructed according to the excitation and inhibition characteristics, and the recognition rate of handwritten digits is as high as 95.41%. In addition, on the basis of demonstrating ultraviolet image visual learning and memory, the device provides an encryption algorithm verification array integrating sensing and storage with energy consumption as low as 20 nJ. This low-power and strong anti-interference deep-ultraviolet optoelectronic synapse device supports the development of high-performance visual neural-state computing.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144219267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Binbin Qi , Bo Wu , Xuesen Lin , Ran Wang , Ming Shao , Jianbei Liu , Yonggang Wang
{"title":"Cosmic ray test of a full-sized DTOF detector prototype for the STCF experiment","authors":"Binbin Qi , Bo Wu , Xuesen Lin , Ran Wang , Ming Shao , Jianbei Liu , Yonggang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A DTOF detector—a time-of-flight (TOF) detector based on internally reflected Cherenkov light detection (DIRC)—has been proposed for endcap particle identification (PID) in the experiment at the Super Tau-Charm Facility (STCF). To validate the design and performance of the DTOF detector, a prototype of a complete quadrant of the DTOF endcap disc featuring a fan-shaped planar fused silica radiator coupled with an array of MCP-PMTs was constructed. The radiator can be viewed as a combination of 3 trapezoidal units, each measuring 533 mm/295 mm × 454 mm × 15 mm. The prototype was tested in a cosmic ray telescope, which provided 3D tracking of cosmic ray muons and a reference time resolution of approximately 20 ps. The test results showed that the DTOF prototype could achieve a particle detection efficiency exceeding 98 %, with a single-photon time resolution of 60 ps and a single-track time resolution of 22 ps. These results are consistent with those from Geant4-based simulation. The prototype also showed consistent performance in different regions in the test. The work on the DTOF prototype has indicated that the DTOF design can achieve the expected performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1080 ","pages":"Article 170716"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Physical Review XPub Date : 2025-06-05DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.15.021082
Phattharaporn Singkanipa, Victor Kasatkin, Zeyuan Zhou, Gregory Quiroz, Daniel A. Lidar
{"title":"Demonstration of Algorithmic Quantum Speedup for an Abelian Hidden Subgroup Problem","authors":"Phattharaporn Singkanipa, Victor Kasatkin, Zeyuan Zhou, Gregory Quiroz, Daniel A. Lidar","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.15.021082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.15.021082","url":null,"abstract":"Simon’s problem is to find a hidden period (a bitstring) encoded into an unknown 2-to-1 function. It is one of the earliest problems for which an exponential quantum speedup was proven for ideal, noiseless quantum computers, albeit in the oracle model. Here, using two different 127-qubit IBM Quantum superconducting processors, we demonstrate an algorithmic quantum speedup for a variant of Simon’s problem where the hidden period has a restricted Hamming weight w</a:mi></a:math>. For sufficiently small values of <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mi>w</c:mi></c:math> and for circuits involving up to 58 qubits, we demonstrate an exponential speedup, albeit of a lower quality than the speedup predicted for the noiseless algorithm. The speedup exponent and the range of <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mi>w</e:mi></e:math> values for which an exponential speedup exists are significantly enhanced when the computation is protected by dynamical decoupling. Further enhancement is achieved with measurement error mitigation. This case constitutes a demonstration of a bona fide quantum advantage for an Abelian hidden subgroup problem. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144228572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental Observation of Geometric Phase Transition in a Synthetic Two‐Level Photonic System","authors":"Shiwen Zhou, Wenrui Tang, Zepei Zeng, Xin Zhang, Xiliang Zhang, Haolin Lin, Yanwen Hu, Zhen Li, Zhenqiang Chen, Shenhe Fu","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202500523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202500523","url":null,"abstract":"Although geometric phase (GP) is intensively studied in different two‐level systems, the concept of a geometric phase transition (GPT) remains scarcely known. This nontrivial phenomenon is discovered and experimentally observed in a synthetic two‐level photonic system, supported by a two‐polarization‐mixing process in a rotated electrically‐engineered photonic crystal. It is shown that the synthetic system undergoes a continuous evolution in the presence of a highly controllable change of magnetic field equivalent, but does not accumulate any GP until reaches its criticality condition, at which the GP exhibits a rapid transition from 0 to . The effect is interpreted by a topological discontinuity in the evolution trajectory of a photonic state, represented in parameter space. Since the GPT is highly sensitive to initial settings, it may trigger relevant applications in light shaping and photonic switching. The demonstrated transition effect is a general dynamical phenomenon of a physical wave. As such, it has profound implications to many different two‐level systems such as electronic waves, acoustic waves, and matter waves.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144228609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Applied AcousticsPub Date : 2025-06-05DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110875
Biao Liu , Ning Jia , Jianchun Huang , Biao Wang
{"title":"Statistical model of time-varying underwater acoustic channel in a shallow water using local scattering function","authors":"Biao Liu , Ning Jia , Jianchun Huang , Biao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The wide-sense stationary uncorrelated scattering assumption is not applicable to underwater acoustic channels. For the local time-frequency (TF) features of underwater acoustic channels, this paper studied a refined statistical model for the local TF root mean square (RMS) delay and Doppler shift at different frequencies based on the local scattering function (LSF). We presented a discrete form of the LSF with time- and frequency-domain sliding, which was then used to analyze the local characteristics of underwater acoustic channels and obtain the TF RMS delay and Doppler shift. Based on the measured channels under shallow-water conditions, the TF RMS delay and Doppler shift were characterized using the Gaussian mixture (GM) and Burr distributions, respectively. When deep or shallow fading occurs in a certain frequency range, the expectation, variance, and weighting factor of the GM distribution fluctuate notably, indicating complex multipath scattering. As the frequency increases, the scale parameter and first shape parameter of the Burr distribution reflect the gradual dispersion of the TF RMS Doppler shift.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 110875"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
QuantumPub Date : 2025-06-05DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-06-05-1766
Santanu Bosu Antu, Sisi Zhou
{"title":"Stabilizer codes for Heisenberg-limited many-body Hamiltonian estimation","authors":"Santanu Bosu Antu, Sisi Zhou","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-06-05-1766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-06-05-1766","url":null,"abstract":"Estimating many-body Hamiltonians has wide applications in quantum technology. By allowing coherent evolution of quantum systems and entanglement across multiple probes, the precision of estimating a fully connected $k$-body interaction can scale up to $(n^kt)^{-1}$, where $n$ is the number of probes and $t$ is the probing time. However, the optimal scaling may no longer be achievable under quantum noise, and it is important to apply quantum error correction in order to recover this limit. In this work, we study the performance of stabilizer quantum error correcting codes in estimating many-body Hamiltonians under noise. When estimating a fully connected $ZZZ$ interaction under single-qubit noise, we showcase three families of stabilizer codes – thin surface codes, quantum Reed–Muller codes and Shor codes – that achieve the scalings of $(nt)^{-1}$, $(n^2t)^{-1}$ and $(n^3t)^{-1}$, respectively, all of which are optimal with $t$. We further discuss the relation between stabilizer structure and the scaling with $n$, and identify several no-go theorems. For instance, we find codes with constant-weight stabilizer generators can at most achieve the $n^{-1}$ scaling, while the optimal $n^{-3}$ scaling is achievable if and only if the code bears a repetition code substructure, like in Shor code.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144218747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}