物理与天体物理最新文献

{"title":"Viscous accretion and ejection from tori around black holes in general relativity","authors":"Masaru Shibata, Kyohei Kawaguchi, Alan Tsz-Lok Lam","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.083042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.083042","url":null,"abstract":"We systematically perform long-term (millions of Schwarzschild time) axisymmetric viscous hydrodynamics simulations for tori around black holes in general relativity supposing the super-Eddington accretion flow. The initial condition for the tori is modeled simply by the Fishbone-Moncrief torus with a constant specific angular momentum j</a:mi></a:math> but with a wide variety of <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mi>j</c:mi></c:math>. Such a torus may be a remnant after tidal disruption of ordinary stars near a relatively low-mass supermassive black hole or an outcome of an inflow of the matter with a low specific angular momentum. We find that, for a given density profile, the fraction of the mass infall onto the black hole is approximately proportional to <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:msup><e:mi>j</e:mi><e:mrow><e:mo>−</e:mo><e:mn>1</e:mn></e:mrow></e:msup></e:math>, indicating that only a minor fraction of the matter in the torus formed far from the black hole falls into the black hole, while the majority is ejected with the typical average velocity of a few percent of the speed of light. We also find that the mass ejection is driven only outside <g:math xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><g:mrow><g:mo>≈</g:mo><g:mn>2</g:mn><g:msub><g:mrow><g:mi>r</g:mi></g:mrow><g:mrow><g:mi>ISCO</g:mi></g:mrow></g:msub></g:mrow></g:math>, where <i:math xmlns:i=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><i:msub><i:mi>r</i:mi><i:mrow><i:mi>ISCO</i:mi></i:mrow></i:msub></i:math> is the areal radius of the innermost stable circular orbit around black holes, which depends strongly on the black hole spin. We derive an approximate fitting formula for the spin dependence on the mass infall fraction as <k:math xmlns:k=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><k:mrow><k:mo>∝</k:mo><k:msubsup><k:mrow><k:mi>r</k:mi></k:mrow><k:mrow><k:mi>ISCO</k:mi></k:mrow><k:mrow><k:mn>0.7</k:mn></k:mrow></k:msubsup></k:mrow></k:math>, which suggests that the rapid growth of supermassive black holes proceeded primarily by the accretion of the matter with the angular momentum counterrotating with the black hole spin. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feynman integral in QFT and white noise on a compactified version of space–time with a Lie group structure","authors":"J. Wawrzycki","doi":"10.1134/S0040577925040117","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040577925040117","url":null,"abstract":"<p> We present a rigorous construction of the Feynman integral on the compactified Einstein Universe using white noise calculus. Our construction of functional averaging can also be thought of as a solution to a problem posed by Bogoliubov and Shirkov. </p>","PeriodicalId":797,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Mathematical Physics","volume":"223 1","pages":"671 - 689"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Rayleigh–Schrödinger coefficients for the eigenvalues of regular perturbations of an anharmonic oscillator","authors":"Kh. K. Ishkin","doi":"10.1134/S0040577925040099","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0040577925040099","url":null,"abstract":"<p> We identify a class of perturbations of a complex anharmonic oscillator <span>(H)</span> for which the known formulas for the Rayleigh–Schrödinger coefficients can be significantly simplified. We investigate the effect of the spectral instability of the operator <span>(H)</span> on the behavior of the sequence of first perturbative corrections. We show that if <span>(H)</span> is not self-adjoint and the perturbation is finite and has finite smoothness at the right end of its support, then this sequence exponentially increases at infinity. </p>","PeriodicalId":797,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Mathematical Physics","volume":"223 1","pages":"650 - 664"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Improving treatment quality of gynecologic cancers with online adaptive brachytherapy using deep learning-based CT imaging” [Nuclear Instrum. Method. Phys. Res. Sec. A: Accelerat. Spectrometer. Detector. Associat. Equipm. 1072 (2025) 170149]","authors":"Hyemi Kim,&nbsp;Minjae Lee,&nbsp;Hyun Joon Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170531","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1077 ","pages":"Article 170531"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attosecond Pulses from a Solid Driven by a Synthesized Two-Color Field at Megahertz Repetition Rate","authors":"Zhaopin Chen, Mark Levit, Yuval Kern, Basabendra Roy, Adi Goldner, Michael Krüger","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c00410","url":null,"abstract":"Probing coherent quantum dynamics in light–matter interactions at the microscopic level requires high-repetition-rate isolated attosecond pulses (IAPs) in pump–probe experiments. To date, the generation of IAPs has been mainly limited to the kilohertz regime. In this work, we experimentally achieve attosecond control of extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) high harmonics in the wide-bandgap dielectric MgO, driven by a synthesized field of two femtosecond pulses at 800 and 2000 nm with relative phase stability. The resulting quasi-continuous harmonic plateau with ∼9 eV spectral width centered around 16.5 eV photon energy can be tuned by the two-color phase and supports the generation of an IAP (∼700 attoseconds), confirmed by numerical simulations based on the three-band semiconductor Bloch equations. Leveraging the high-repetition-rate driver laser, the moderate intensity requirements of solid-state high-harmonic generation, and band-structure-induced spectral enhancement, we achieve IAP production at an unprecedented megahertz repetition rate, paving the way for compact all-solid-state XUV sources for IAP generation.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generalized symmetry constraints on deformed 4D SCFTs","authors":"Monica Jinwoo Kang, Craig Lawrie, Ki-Hong Lee, Jaewon Song","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.086028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.086028","url":null,"abstract":"We explore the consequence of generalized symmetries in four-dimensional N</a:mi>=</a:mo>1</a:mn></a:mrow></a:math> superconformal field theories. First, we classify all possible supersymmetric gauge theories with a simple gauge group that have a nontrivial one-form symmetry and flows to a superconformal field theory. Upon identifying unbroken discrete zero-form symmetries from the Adler-Bell-Jackiw (ABJ) anomaly, we find that many of these theories have mixed zero-form or one-form ’t Hooft anomalies. Then we classify the relevant deformations of these SCFTs that preserve the anomaly. From this mixed anomaly together with the anomalies of the discrete zero-form symmetries, we find obstructions for the relevant deformations of these SCFTs to flow to a trivially gapped phase. We also study non-Lagrangian SCFTs formed by gauging copies of Argyres-Douglas theories and constrain their deformations. In particular, we explore a new duality between the diagonal gauging of two <d:math xmlns:d=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><d:msub><d:mi mathvariant=\"script\">D</d:mi><d:mn>3</d:mn></d:msub><d:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</d:mo><d:mi>S</d:mi><d:mi>U</d:mi><d:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</d:mo><d:mi>N</d:mi><d:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</d:mo><d:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</d:mo></d:math> theories and <k:math xmlns:k=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><k:mi>S</k:mi><k:mi>U</k:mi><k:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</k:mo><k:mi>N</k:mi><k:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</k:mo></k:math> gauge theory with two adjoints. We also repeat our analysis for a host of nonsupersymmetric gauge theories having nontrivial one-form symmetry including examples that appear to flow to Bank-Zaks type CFTs. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical levitation of Janus particles within focused cylindrical vector beams","authors":"Alessandro Magazzù, Iryna Kasianiuk, Denis Kasyanyuk, Agnese Callegari, Giovanni Volpe, Onofrio M. Maragò, Luca Biancofiore","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0774","url":null,"abstract":"The confinement and manipulation of Janus particles have recently garnered significant interest due to their potential applications in fields such as nanotechnology and biophysics, where, under specific circumstances, they can act as microengines and drug carriers. However, the dynamics of Janus particles mostly rely on chemical reactions or thermal gradients, limiting their precision application. To tackle these limitations, we propose the 3D manipulation of Janus particles using focused cylindrical vector beams with a doughnut shaped intensity profile above the focal spot. In particular, we study the behaviour, orientation and manipulation of different highly reflective Janus particles composed of silica or polystyrene with a gold cap in the presence of optical potentials generated by focused cylindrical vector beams. Where the radiation pressure predominantly affects the gold cap rather than the bare particle body of the particle. We demonstrated the potential of the proposed levitation technique for controlling a wide range of Janus particles and real-life complex objects with high reflectivity.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Nonlinear Surface Inflows into Activity Belts on Solar Cycle Modulation","authors":"Mohammed H. Talafha,&nbsp;Kristóf Petrovay,&nbsp;Andrea Opitz","doi":"10.1007/s11207-025-02466-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11207-025-02466-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Converging flows are visible around bipolar magnetic regions (BMRs) on the solar surface, according to observations. Average flows are created by these inflows combined, and the strength of these flows depends on the amount of flux present during the solar cycle. In models of the solar cycle, this average flow can be depicted as perturbations to the meridional flow. In this article, we study the effects of introducing surface inflow to the surface flux transport models (SFT) as a possible nonlinear mechanism in the presence of latitude quenching for an inflow profile whose amplitude varies within a cycle depending on the magnetic activity. Using a grid based on one-dimensional SFT models, we methodically investigate the extent of the nonlinearity caused by inflows, latitude quenching (LQ), and their combinations. The results show that including surface inflows in the model in the presence of both LQ and tilt quenching (TQ) produced a polar field within a <span>(pm 1sigma )</span> of an average cycle polar field (<span>(sigma )</span> is the standard deviation) with a correlation coefficient of 0.85. We confirm that including inflows produces a lower net contribution to the dipole moment (10 – 25%). Furthermore, the relative importance of LQ vs. inflows is inversely correlated with the dynamo effectivity range (<span>(lambda _{R})</span>). With no decay term, introducing inflows into the model results in a less significant net contribution to the dipole moment. Including inflows in the SFT model shows a possible nonlinear relationship between the surface inflows and the solar dipole moment, suggesting a potential nonlinear mechanism contributing to the saturation of the global dynamo. For lower <span>(lambda _{R})</span> (<span>(lessapprox 10^{circ })</span>), TQ always dominates LQ, and for higher <span>(lambda _{R})</span>, LQ dominates. However, including inflows makes the domination earlier in case of having a decay term in the model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":777,"journal":{"name":"Solar Physics","volume":"300 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11207-025-02466-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A broadband acoustic waveguide cloak based on the gradient impedance boundaries","authors":"Shuai Chang ,&nbsp;Bogang Huang ,&nbsp;Weirui Lei ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Feng Tian ,&nbsp;Jinru Gong ,&nbsp;Fangfang Ju ,&nbsp;Shibei Xue ,&nbsp;Sheng-You Qian ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Invisibility cloaking is a longstanding research topic due to its significant applications in various human activities like communication, manufacturing and aerospace, etc. In this paper, we theoretically design and experimentally demonstrated a broadband acoustic waveguide cloak for acoustic waves in air, which is composed of a straight waveguide coated with two gradient impedance boundaries (GIBs). When the plane wave (PW) incidents into the waveguide, it exercises a mode conversion of PW-surface wave (SW)-PW. As SWs are confined by GIBs, obstacles in the waveguide between the confined SWs become invisible to the incident PW with negligible reflection. Thus, an acoustic waveguide cloak is obtained. The experiments demonstrate the negligible reflection (&lt;5 %) in the waveguide coated with GIBs, i.e., in our proposed acoustic waveguide cloak from 2.62 kHz to 3.74 kHz. However, in the same frequencies, the incident PW is almost totally reflected (&gt;98 %) in the waveguide without GIBs. It agrees well with the simulation results and the theoretical predictions. Thus, a broadband acoustic waveguide cloak is obtained. In addition, the acoustic waveguide cloak is also demonstrated in the waveguides with sharp bends and corners, such as the L-shaped and the U-shaped waveguides. Our proposal may provide a strong candidate for acoustic wave manipulation and acoustic functional devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 110763"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SB-SENet: Diffusion model based on Schrödinger bridge for speech enhancement","authors":"Huaifeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Guigeng Li ,&nbsp;Pengfei Wu ,&nbsp;Yong Gao ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Score-based generative models and diffusion models are increasingly being applied in the field of speech enhancement, demonstrating remarkable performance. However, the lack of accurate structural information in mixed speech samples, which combine speech and Gaussian noise, still poses inference challenges and thereby affects speech quality. This paper introduces a novel generative model, SB-SENet, based on the Schrödinger bridge for speech enhancement. The Schrödinger bridge constructs the optimal transport path from the initial probability distribution to the target probability distribution by minimizing the Kullback-Leibler divergence cost function. This process is part of the entropy-regularized optimal path solution, aiming to approximate the noisy speech sample to the clean speech sample through probability distributions to obtain the predicted sample. Unlike diffusion models, which first learn the forward diffusion process from the noisy speech sample to a Gaussian distribution, SB-SENet directly learns the nonlinear diffusion process from the noisy speech sample to the clean speech sample, preserving more structural information about the initial sample. SB-SENet model utilizes a Transformer to capture unique features of time-series signals and a U-Net network to fuse multi-scale information. The loss function is constructed using a score-based generative framework, incorporating phase loss, magnitude loss, and metric loss to gradually reduce the difference between the predicted sample and the clean speech sample. Experimental results show that, in terms of speech quality, the SB-SENet model proposed in this paper achieves a PESQ score of 3.79 on the Voicebank+DEMAND dataset and a PESQ score of 3.65 on the DNS Challenge dataset, achieving state-of-the-art performance compared to recent speech enhancement models. We put the demo sample on a website <span><span>https://svcodec.github.io/SB-SENet.github.io/</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 110742"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}