物理与天体物理最新文献

{"title":"Surface photosensitization enabled by embedded plasmonic nanoparticles in ferroelectric crystals for laser-induced periodic surface structures","authors":"Zhixiang Chen, Quanxin Yang, Ning Lu, Xingjuan Zhao, Shengqiang Zhou, Hongliang Liu, Karsten Buse, Yuechen Jia, Feng Chen","doi":"10.1063/5.0257826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0257826","url":null,"abstract":"Dielectric crystals, despite their rich optical properties and great potential in integrated optoelectronics, had generally fallen behind the competing photonic platforms, mainly due to the significant difficulties of material processing. By combining the unique capabilities of ion implantation in photosensitization and femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW) in nanostructuring, in this study, we propose an innovative methodology harnessing the high energy of focused femtosecond laser and the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of embedded metal nanoparticles (NPs). Such a combination leverages the ion-implantation-induced lattice damage as well as the LSPR-induced enhanced near-field enhancement and photothermal effects to relax the parameter threshold for laser-induced periodic surface structure formation in LiTaO3. To investigate the origin of such a “threshold lowering” phenomenon, ion-implantation-induced softened phonon modes and lattice distortion as well as FsLDW-induced self-assembly of NPs and ferroelectric domain inversion are both analyzed, and the synergistic action of these effects is found to be the key factor. Since both ion implantation and FsLDW feature a wide range material applicability and parameter flexibility, our work is an approach of surface multifunctionalization and nanostructuring of dielectric crystal families.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Space-time-topological events in photonic quantum walks","authors":"Joshua Feis, Sebastian Weidemann, Tom Sheppard, Hannah M. Price, Alexander Szameit","doi":"10.1038/s41566-025-01653-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-025-01653-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Time is, figuratively and literally, becoming the new dimension for crystalline matter. In a key recent advance, temporal and spatiotemporal crystals that exhibit periodicity in time and space-time, respectively, were reported, with unique properties such as spectra containing gaps not only in energy but also in momentum. Conversely, the field of topological physics, which has led to celebrated discoveries such as topological insulators featuring protected conducting surface states with immunity to backscattering, has so far been based on the notion of energy gaps and spatial boundaries only. Fundamentally rethinking the role of time, which in contrast to space exhibits a unique unidirectionality called the ‘arrow of time’, thus promises a new dimension for topological physics, setting paradigms of time and space-time topology based on the topological properties of momentum and energy–momentum gaps. Indeed, previous work has shown simulations of states which arise through the topology of momentum gaps and localize at temporal interfaces. Here we enter this new dimension of time and space-time topology. First, using discrete-time quantum walks on synthetic photonic lattices in coupled optical fibre loops, we observe such time topological states. We find a time-topological invariant and establish its relation to the observed time topological states. Transcending the separate concepts of space and time topology, we then propose and implement a system with an energy–momentum gap and introduce the concept of space-time topology, leading to topological states that are localized in both space and time, thus forming space-time topological events. We demonstrate that these are associated with unique effects such as causality-suppressed coupling or the limited collapse of space-time localization. Our study provides a model of time and space-time topology, highlighting an interplay of momentum and energy gap topology with applicability beyond photonics. In the field of topological physics, we anticipate a new role of causality and non-Hermiticity inspired by time and space-time topology. These concepts further invite exploration of connections to other fields where the arrow of time plays an important role. Moreover, our results enable the topological shaping of waves in space and time, with applications in spatiotemporal wave control for imaging or communication and topological lasers, for example.</p>","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":35.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved Tomographic Reconstruction of 3D Global Coronal Density from STEREO/COR1 Observations","authors":"Tongjiang Wang,&nbsp;C. Nick Arge,&nbsp;Shaela I. Jones","doi":"10.1007/s11207-025-02454-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11207-025-02454-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tomography is a powerful technique for recovering the three-dimensional (3D) density structure of the global solar corona. In this work, we present an improved tomography method by introducing radial weighting in the regularization term. Radial weighting provides balanced smoothing of density values across different heights, helping to recover finer structures at lower heights while also stabilizing the solution and preventing oscillatory artifacts at higher altitudes. We apply this technique to reconstruct the 3D electron density of Carrington Rotation (CR) 2098 using two weeks of polarized brightness (pB) observations from the inner coronagraph (COR1) on board spacecraft-B of the twin Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO), where the radial weighting function is taken as the inverse intensity background, calculated by averaging all the pB images used. Comparisons between density distributions at various heights from the tomography and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations show good agreement. We find that radial weighting not only effectively corrects the oversmoothing effect near the inner boundary in reconstructions using second-order smoothing but also significantly improves reconstruction quality when using zero-order smoothing. Additionally, comparing reconstructions for CR 2091 from single-satellite data with that from multiviewpoint data suggests that coronal evolution and dynamics may significantly impact on the reconstructed density structures. This improved tomography method has been used to create a database of 3D densities for CRs 2052 to 2154, based on STEREO/COR1-B data, covering the period from 08 January 2007 to 17 September 2014.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":777,"journal":{"name":"Solar Physics","volume":"300 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turbulence Evolution Between 0.5 and 1 AU for the Solar Wind of Various Origins","authors":"Liudmila Rakhmanova,&nbsp;Maria Riazantseva,&nbsp;Yuri Yermolaev,&nbsp;Alexander Khokhlachev,&nbsp;Georgy Zastenker","doi":"10.1007/s11207-025-02458-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11207-025-02458-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Probing the solar wind at different distances from the Sun provides a great opportunity to explore turbulence development in the unlimited space. Recent measurements from the near-Sun plasma demonstrate the evolution of turbulence from an undeveloped to a fully developed state on the path from the Sun to the Earth. On the other hand, the properties of turbulence are known to be altered for the solar-wind streams of different origin. The present study adopts measurements during two Solar Orbiter and Wind alignments with separations of 0.1 and 0.5 AU to analyze changes in the properties of turbulence for the same plasma parcels embedded in the solar-wind streams of various origins. The results demonstrate that at scales spectra become shallower toward the Earth’s orbit, while Kolmogorov scaling stays unchanged at the MHD scales. The power of the fluctuations within the inertial range is shown to be an important factor that determines the evolution of the turbulent fluctuations in the inner heliosphere, regardless of the origin of the solar-wind stream.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":777,"journal":{"name":"Solar Physics","volume":"300 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma Emission Spectrum Formed during Micropoint Explosion","authors":"E. V. Oreshkin","doi":"10.3103/S1068335624601973","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068335624601973","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Explosive emission processes are of great importance in electrodynamic and accelerating structures exposed to high-power radio-frequency electromagnetic waves. These processes emerge due to the explosion of microprotrusions on the surface of electrodes. The paper presents the results of radiation magnetohydrodynamic calculations of the explosion of copper conductors under conditions similar to those that arise during the explosion of microprotrusions. This means that the current density is about 10⁹ A/cm². Quasi-stationary and radio-frequency explosion regimes are considered. It turns out that in both cases the maximum of the spectral distribution lies in the ultraviolet range. However, the radiation power that comes out of the conductor in the radio frequency regime is almost two orders of magnitude less than that in the quasi-stationary regime.</p>","PeriodicalId":503,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute","volume":"52 2","pages":"66 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-energy, high-repetition-rate LD side-pumped burst-mode green laser","authors":"Teng Kan ,&nbsp;Peilin Li ,&nbsp;Qiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a LD-side-pumped Nd:YAG-based burst-mode green laser system that utilizes an electro-optical (EO) Q-switched oscillator followed by a folded power amplifier design and a second harmonic generator to achieve a compact-footprint (0.36 m²) architecture. The maximum pulse energy of 248 mJ at 1064 nm and 102 mJ at 532 nm was obtained at a pulse repetition rate of 10 kHz and burst duration of 5 ms, corresponding to a second-harmonic conversion efficiency of up to 41%. At a higher repetition rate of 50 kHz, an output of over 40 mJ per pulse at 532 nm, with a pulse width of 11.52 ns and a total burst energy of 10 J, was achieved. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the highest reported LD-pumped burst-mode green laser in terms of pulse energy and pulse repetition rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 112841"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision blood biopsy for lung cancer diagnosis using a targeting nanoprobe to detect multiple mRNA biomarkers in circulating malignant cells","authors":"Di Han, Xin-Ru Liao, Qi-Yang Huang, Qing-Yu Gao, Li-Jin Qi, Jin-Ju Lei, Jing-Ping Yuan, Xiao-Yan He, Tao Guo, Xian-Zheng Zhang, Si-Xue Cheng","doi":"10.1063/5.0245467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0245467","url":null,"abstract":"Compared to tissue biopsy, blood biopsy offers significant advantages in terms of safety and convenience. However, achieving accurate blood biopsy for cancer pathological diagnosis presents substantial challenges. Herein, we have developed a precision blood biopsy technology utilizing a malignant cell-targeted nanoprobe for lung cancer diagnosis. The nanoprobe functionalized with SYL3C-conjugated hyaluronic acid and the KALA-GE11 peptide can efficiently deliver the loaded molecular beacons into heterogeneous circulating malignant cells (CMCs) in whole blood to detect diverse intracellular mRNA markers, including the proliferation marker Ki67, the oncogenic marker c-Myc, and thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) typically expressed in specific types of lung cancers. The simultaneous detection of various markers not only reduces false-negative rates caused by the high heterogeneity of CMCs but also provides accurate insight into the specific heterogeneity of CMCs for individual patients. The nanoprobe can differentiate lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). TTF-1 is abundant in CMCs of LAD and SCLC but is relatively less common in SCC. c-Myc is more frequently overexpressed in CMCs from LAD and SCLC. Notably, Ki67 is upregulated in most CMCs across all lung cancer types. Furthermore, this approach can sensitively identify malignant cells from early stage lesions clinically classified as noninvasive carcinoma in situ. This technique holds significant clinical potentials for the early detection and precise characterization of lung cancer. Importantly, this strategy is adaptable for detecting other biomarkers, thereby extending its applicability to the diagnosis of various cancer types.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Characterization of a “Campo del Cielo” Meteorite Using Photon Energy Interaction and Radiation Absorption Parameters","authors":"Karuane S. Kodum,&nbsp;Antonio Liccardo,&nbsp;Sérgio C. Saab,&nbsp;André M. Brinatti,&nbsp;Luiz F. Pires","doi":"10.1007/s13538-025-01762-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13538-025-01762-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research on the impact of meteorite chemical composition on radiation interaction parameters is scarce. Understanding how photons of varying energies interact with meteorites is fundamental to grasp these extraterrestrial bodies and facilitate future space missions. Our research utilized scanning electron microscopy and X-ray fluorescence techniques to analyze the elemental composition of meteorites found in the regions called “Campo del Cielo,” in Argentina. Scientists discovered the second heaviest meteorite in this planetary region, composed primarily of Fe and Ni, which comprise over 95% of its chemical composition based on our results. The meteorite fragments studied presented Fe and Ni contents ranging from 88.55 to 93.56% and 5.55 to 7.24%, respectively. This result confirms that the meteorite studied belongs to the IAB Og group. No differences were observed in the attenuation coefficient or in the atomic and electronic cross-sections due to variations in photon energy. Similarities in the chemical composition of the fragment samples explain this result. The molecular cross-section was more sensitive to differences in the chemical composition of the samples, mainly influenced by the dependence of this parameter on the molecular weight of the elements of the fragment studied. The effective atomic number and electronic density were also sensitive to the chemical composition of the samples, mainly due to the Ni content. The fact that the meteorite studied is mostly made of Fe and Ni shows that this material has a high capacity for attenuating radiation and can effectively shield radiation. This result could be of great interest, especially in future space missions when materials found in space could be used to provide protection against radiation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":499,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Physics","volume":"55 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploiting 2D materials","authors":"Rachel Won","doi":"10.1038/s41566-025-01656-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-025-01656-7","url":null,"abstract":"Two-dimensional materials have revolutionized the field of photonics by enabling the manipulation of light at the nanoscale. As their potential continues to grow, we can expect to see more innovative applications emerging in the future.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"19 4","pages":"348-349"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum Edge Detection","authors":"Santiago Llorens, Walther González, Gael Sentís, John Calsamiglia, Ramon Muñoz-Tapia, Emili Bagan","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-04-03-1687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-04-03-1687","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces quantum edge detection, aimed at locating boundaries of quantum domains where all particles share the same pure state. Focusing on the 1D scenario of a string of particles, we develop an optimal protocol for quantum edge detection, efficiently computing its success probability through Schur-Weyl duality and semidefinite programming techniques. We analyze the behavior of the success probability as a function of the string length and local dimension, with emphasis in the limit of long strings. We present a protocol based on square root measurement, which proves asymptotically optimal. Additionally, we explore a mixed quantum change point detection scenario where the state of particles transitions from known to unknown, which may find practical applications in detecting malfunctions in quantum devices","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}