物理与天体物理最新文献

{"title":"Conference Author Index","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3559777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3559777","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"15-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11106304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deterministically separable polarization-entangled photons from battery-powered diode lasers","authors":"Zacharie M. Léger, Trevor J. Stirling, Meng Lon Iu, Amr S. Helmy","doi":"10.1038/s41534-025-01073-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-025-01073-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Large-scale integrated sources of quantum light are enabling ingredients for the future of photonic quantum technologies. For such platforms, sources based on electrical injection are of value for their turnkey operation, as they do not rely on bulky off-chip sources to achieve quantum nonlinear conversion. This work presents the first demonstration of a source of entangled photons fully contained in a single waveguide. Our source is based on a single battery-powered Bragg reflection waveguide diode laser producing two indistinguishable sources of ultra-broadband polarization-entangled photons. The output state of our device has a Bell-state fidelity of 86.3% without accidental subtraction, a high entangled pair generation rate of 1.16 × 10⁶ (pairs)/(s <span>⋅</span> mW <span>⋅</span> facet), and an ultra-broadband entangled photon pair bandwidth &gt;5.22 THz. Our approach yields scalable, compact, low-power, and stable sources of polarization-entangled photons, needed for real-world applications of quantum communications and network systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":19212,"journal":{"name":"npj Quantum Information","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144747174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-rectifying memristors based on epitaxial AlScN for neuromorphic computing","authors":"Zhanfeng Wang, Jiahe Zhang, Gang Jia, Weidong Sun, Saibo Yin, Jiangzhen Niu, Jianting Bai, Chang Liu, Zhen Zhao, Xiaobing Yan","doi":"10.1063/5.0251575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0251575","url":null,"abstract":"With the advancement of artificial intelligence, self-rectifying memristors have attracted increasing attention due to their potential for high-density integration in storage and neuromorphic computing systems. However, device stability still faces significant challenges. In this work, by using a CMOS-compatible process, we fabricate a high-performance memristor based on Pd/Al0.77Sc0.23N/TiN/Si devices on a silicon substrate. The crystallinity, surface roughness and ferroelectric properties of the epitaxially grown films were optimized by changing the doping ratio through dual-targeted nitrogen reactive magnetron sputtering. The device maintains good stability after 1000 consecutive scans of its I–V curve. The device can achieve switching ratios of about 100 and rectification ratios of 33. In addition, we simulated biological synapses and synaptic plasticity, such as long-term potentiation/inhibition, excitatory postsynaptic current, spike time-dependent plasticity (STDP), and double-pulse facilitation, and realized bidirectional control of conductance. More importantly, we designed a trajectory-based STDP circuit model by leveraging the amplitude characteristic of the device. This model was used to train spiking neural networks for the recognition of four flight markers: forward, landing, left turn, and right turn. Subsequently, the trained neural network was deployed on a drone, validating its effectiveness. This study demonstrates a feasible approach for the hardware implementation of unsupervised spiking neural networks based on AlScN ferroelectric memristors.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144747103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3559753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3559753","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11105773","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, analysis and experimental research of a novel single-phase driven rod-type rotary piezoelectric actuator","authors":"Ruifeng Wang ,&nbsp;Bin Jiang ,&nbsp;Liang Wang ,&nbsp;Liangsheng Chen ,&nbsp;Taolai Zhou ,&nbsp;Mingli Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Piezoelectric actuators operated by single-phase excitation are widely studied for precision drive applications, attributed to their reduced control complexity, adaptable design, and small form factor. Nevertheless, these actuators are primarily designed for linear motion, which is plagued by structural complexity, severe wear, and frequency drift. Monophase-driven rotational piezoelectric actuators face challenges in the construction of operating mode, actuation stability, and bidirectional rotation. To address these limitations, a novel single-phase driven rod-type rotary piezoelectric actuator is proposed, which adopts a dual rotor symmetrical structure. The stator is constructed as a rod-type piezoelectric composite beam formed by two piezoelectric ceramic (PZT) groups embedded in a metal matrix. The single-phase signal excites the coupled longitudinal-torsional vibration mode of the stator, realizing the continuous circumferential rotational motion of the rotors, and bidirectional continuous rotation is achieved by exciting different PZT groups. Firstly, the motion trajectory equation of the driving foot is established, and the stator’s geometry and operating modes are determined using finite element analysis (FEA). Secondly, the vibration characteristic experiment obtains the amplitude frequency characteristics and vibration mode of the stator of the principle prototype, compares the finite element calculation results, and verifies the accuracy of the finite element analysis. The amplitude-frequency characteristics and vibration mode of the stator are acquired via vibration characteristic experiments, compares the finite element calculation results, and verifies the accuracy of the FEA. Finally, assemble the actuator prototype and conduct experimental research. The results show that under the excitation voltage of 300 V_p-p, the maximum no-load speed, torque, and minimum rotational resolution of the actuator are measured as 200 rpm, 1.7 mN m, and 0.6 mrad, respectively. Both finite element analysis and experimental research have verified the correctness of the operating principle and the feasibility of the structural scheme of the proposed actuator, providing a new driving scheme for applications in narrow space environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 107777"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photon‐Efficient Block Compressed Sensing Imaging Using Vision Transformer","authors":"Yanshan Fan, Shuxiao Wu, Jianyong Hu, Yuxing Jiang, Zhixing Qiao, Guosheng Feng, Changgang Yang, Xilong Liang, Jianqiang Liu, Ruiyun Chen, Chengbing Qin, Guofeng Zhang, Liantuan Xiao, Suotang Jia","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202501394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202501394","url":null,"abstract":"Single‐photon imaging has become one of the candidates for the next generation of imaging techniques due to its high detection sensitivity. However, the technique faces the problem of mutual constraints between imaging speed and imaging quality, so how to achieve high‐quality imaging within a short integration time has become a major challenge. In this work, a photon‐efficient block compressed sensing imaging method based on a vision transformer is proposed. By employing the strategy of block sampling and overall reconstruction, high‐speed imaging is achieved while preserving high quality. In the experiments, a sampling ratio of 2<jats:sup>−10</jats:sup> is achieved with a peak signal‐to‐noise ratio of 19.46 dB and a structural similarity of 0.762. Moreover, the average photon count per pixel is as low as 0.035 photons/pixel. This work introduces a new strategy for achieving high‐speed and high‐quality imaging in ultra‐low‐light environments, offering broad applicability in biomedical imaging, quantum sensing, and other advanced fields.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144747065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trans-scale hierarchical metasurfaces for multispectral compatible regulation of lasers, infrared light, and microwaves","authors":"He Lin, Fuyuan Shen, Zuojun Zhang, Jun Luo, Cheng Huang, Mingbo Pu, Yuetang Wang, Jianping Shi, Xiaoliang Ma, Xiangang Luo","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2025-0224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0224","url":null,"abstract":"Electromagnetic scattering control of optical windows has significant challenges in improving optical transmission and compatibility, especially for multispectral and large-angle incidences, due to material and structure mismatches. This paper presents trans-scale hierarchical metasurfaces (THM) to achieve wide-angle optical transmission enhancement and electromagnetic scattering-compatible regulation in dual-band lasers, and infrared and microwave ranges. THM comprises an ultrafine hollow metal array (UHMA) and a transmission-enhanced micro-nanocone array (TMCA). The UHMA regulates microwave radar cross-section (RCS) echo diffuse reflection, while the upper-layer TMCA enables wide-angle optical transmission enhancement. A THM sample of 200 × 200 mm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> was fabricated using multistage nanolithography, demonstrating exceptional multifunctional compatibility and optical performance. Results show that the THM sample achieves 10 dB scattering reduction in the 9.5–17.5 GHz microwave band, with average optical transmittance exceeding 90 % at 0°–60° incidence angles within optical ranges of 1.42, 1.7, and 3–5 μm. Compared to a zinc sulfide (ZnS) window with a UHMA on its surface, the THM improved the average transmission by 34.3 % over wide angles while allowing microwave scattering control. Broadband polarization-independent, low-crosstalk imaging, and hydrophobic characteristics were demonstrated. This study provides a design approach for multifunctional devices with synergistic optical and microwave regulation, particularly for optical transparency in microwave devices.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144747099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into chromospheric large-scale flows using Nobeyama 17 GHz radio observations","authors":"Srinjana Routh, Anshu Kumari, Vaibhav Pant, Jaydeep Kandekar, Dipankar Banerjee, Mohd. Saleem Khan, Dibya Kirti Mishra","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202555364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202555364","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Context.<i/> Although the differential rotation rate on the solar surface has long been studied using optical and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) observations, associating these measurements with specific atmospheric heights remains challenging due to the temperature-dependent emission of tracers observed in EUV wavelengths. Radio observations, being primarily influenced by coherent plasma processes and/or thermal bremsstrahlung, offer a more height-stable diagnostic and thus provide an independent means to test and validate rotational trends observed at other EUV wavelengths.<i>Aims.<i/> We aim to characterise the differential rotation profile of the upper chromosphere using cleaned solar full-disc 17 GHz radio imaging from the Nobeyama Radioheliograph spanning a little over two solar cycles (1992–2020).<i>Methods.<i/> A tracer-independent method based on automated image correlation was employed on daily full-disc 17 GHz radio maps. This method determines the angular velocities in 16 latitudinal bins of 15° each by maximising the 2D cross-correlation of overlapping image segments.<i>Results.<i/> The best-fit parameters for the differential rotation profile are <i>A<i/> = 14.520 ± 0.006°/day, <i>B<i/> = –1.443 ± 0.099°/day, and <i>C<i/> =–0.433 ± 0.267°/day. These results suggest that the upper chromosphere rotates significantly faster than the photosphere at all latitudes, with a relatively flatter latitudinal profile. We also observed a very weak anti-correlation, <i>ρ<i/><sub><i>s<i/><sub/> = −0.383 (94.73%), between the equatorial rotation rate and solar activity.<i>Conclusions.<i/> Our findings reaffirm the potential of radio observations to probe the dynamics of the solar chromosphere with reduced height ambiguity. The overlap of the equatorial rotation rate (<i>A<i/>) found in this study with that for 304 Å in the EUV regime lends additional support to the view that the equatorial rotation rates increase with height above the photosphere. Future coordinated studies at wavelengths with better-constrained height formation will be crucial for further understanding the complex dynamics of the solar atmosphere.","PeriodicalId":8571,"journal":{"name":"Astronomy & Astrophysics","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144747625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity Subject Categories for Article Numbering Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3559779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3559779","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11106300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TechRxiv: Share Your Preprint Research with the World!","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2025.3593712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2025.3593712","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"35 5","pages":"23-23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11106332","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}