IF 4.5 2区物理与天体物理

Physics Letters B Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139762

A. Bermudez Martinez , F. Hautmann , L. Keersmaekers , A. Lelek , M. Mendizabal Morentin , S. Taheri Monfared , A.M. van Kampen

引用次数: 0

Exact Model Reduction for Continuous-Time Open Quantum Dynamics 连续时间开放量子动力学的精确模型简化

IF 6.4 2区物理与天体物理

Quantum Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-07-29-1814

Tommaso Grigoletto, Yukuan Tao, Francesco Ticozzi, Lorenza Viola

{"title":"Exact Model Reduction for Continuous-Time Open Quantum Dynamics","authors":"Tommaso Grigoletto, Yukuan Tao, Francesco Ticozzi, Lorenza Viola","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-07-29-1814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-07-29-1814","url":null,"abstract":"We consider finite-dimensional many-body quantum systems described by time-independent Hamiltonians and Markovian master equations, and present a systematic method for constructing smaller-dimensional, reduced models that $exactly$ reproduce the time evolution of a set of initial conditions or observables of interest. Our approach exploits Krylov operator spaces and their extension to operator algebras, and may be used to obtain reduced linear models of minimal dimension, well-suited for simulation on classical computers, or reduced quantum models that preserve the structural constraints of physically admissible quantum dynamics, as required for simulation on quantum computers. Notably, we prove that the reduced quantum-dynamical generator is still in Lindblad form. By introducing a new type of $textit{observable-dependent symmetries}$, we show that our method provides a non-trivial generalization of techniques that leverage symmetries, unlocking new reduction opportunities. We quantitatively benchmark our method on paradigmatic open many-body systems of relevance to condensed-matter and quantum-information physics. In particular, we demonstrate how our reduced models can quantitatively describe decoherence dynamics in central-spin systems coupled to structured environments, magnetization transport in boundary-driven dissipative spin chains, and unwanted error dynamics on information encoded in a noiseless quantum code.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144719525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of interior dynamics and differentiation on the surface and in the atmosphere of lava planets 熔岩行星表面和大气内部动力学和分异的作用

IF 14.1 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02617-4

Charles-Édouard Boukaré, Daphné Lemasquerier, Nicolas B. Cowan, Henri Samuel, James Badro, Lisa Dang, Aurélien Falco, Sébastien Charnoz

{"title":"The role of interior dynamics and differentiation on the surface and in the atmosphere of lava planets","authors":"Charles-Édouard Boukaré, Daphné Lemasquerier, Nicolas B. Cowan, Henri Samuel, James Badro, Lisa Dang, Aurélien Falco, Sébastien Charnoz","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02617-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02617-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lava planets are rocky exoplanets that orbit so close to their host star that their dayside is hot enough to melt silicate rock. Their short orbital periods ensure that lava planets are tidally locked into synchronous rotation, with permanent day and night hemispheres. Such asymmetric magma oceans have no analogues in the Solar System and their internal dynamics and evolution are still poorly understood. Here we report the results of numerical simulations showing that solid–liquid fractionation has a major impact on the composition and evolution of lava planets. We explored two different interior thermal states. If the interior is fully molten, the atmosphere will reflect the planet’s bulk silicate composition, and the nightside solid surface is gravitationally unstable and constantly replenished. If the interior is mostly solid with only a shallow magma ocean on the dayside, the outgassed atmosphere will lack in Na, K and FeO, and the nightside will have an entirely solid mantle with a cold surface. We show that these two end-member cases can be distinguished with observations from JWST, offering an avenue to probe the thermal and chemical evolution of exoplanet interiors.</p>","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144719694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Radiation resistance study of Gd-Al-B-Si-Ce3+ glass scintillators using 80 MeV proton beam irradiation 80 MeV质子束辐照Gd-Al-B-Si-Ce3+玻璃闪烁体的耐辐射性能研究

IF 1.4 3区物理与天体物理

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.170869

S.H. Yin , P. Hu , S. Qian , H. Cai , D.P. Chen , J.F. Han , D.B. He , C. Hu , Z.H. Hua , S.Q. Li , W.C. Li , S. Liu , L.S. Qin , J. Ren , Z.X. Sui , X.Y. Sun , G. Tang , Z.L. Wang , Y.F. Wen , D. Yang , Y. Zhu

{"title":"Radiation resistance study of Gd-Al-B-Si-Ce3+ glass scintillators using 80 MeV proton beam irradiation","authors":"S.H. Yin , P. Hu , S. Qian , H. Cai , D.P. Chen , J.F. Han , D.B. He , C. Hu , Z.H. Hua , S.Q. Li , W.C. Li , S. Liu , L.S. Qin , J. Ren , Z.X. Sui , X.Y. Sun , G. Tang , Z.L. Wang , Y.F. Wen , D. Yang , Y. Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-density Ce<sup>3+</sup>-doped Gd-Al-B-Si glass scintillators have been developed by the Glass Scintillator R&D Collaboration (GS Collaboration) for applications in nuclear and high energy physics. One of the critical factors in these applications is the radiation resistance of the glass scintillator. The impacts of proton irradiation on Ce<sup>3+</sup>-doped Gd-Al-B-Si glass samples have been investigated at doses up to approximately 4 × 10<sup>4</sup>   <!-->Gy proton irradiation, without significant alteration in the decay time constants of fast and slow components. This research serves as an important reference for evaluating the radiation resistance of high-density Gd-Al-B-Si-Ce<sup>3+</sup> glass scintillators and can guide their practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1081 ","pages":"Article 170869"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Muon identification with Deep Neural Network in the Belle II K-Long and Muon detector 利用深度神经网络识别Belle II K-Long和μ子探测器中的μ子

IF 1.4 3区物理与天体物理

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.170814

Zihan Wang, Yo Sato, Akimasa Ishikawa, Yutaka Ushiroda, Kenta Uno, Kazutaka Sumisawa, Naveen Kumar Baghel, Seema Choudhury, Giacomo De Pietro, Christopher Ketter, Haruki Kindo, Tommy Lam, Frank Meier, Soeren Prell

{"title":"Muon identification with Deep Neural Network in the Belle II K-Long and Muon detector","authors":"Zihan Wang, Yo Sato, Akimasa Ishikawa, Yutaka Ushiroda, Kenta Uno, Kazutaka Sumisawa, Naveen Kumar Baghel, Seema Choudhury, Giacomo De Pietro, Christopher Ketter, Haruki Kindo, Tommy Lam, Frank Meier, Soeren Prell","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Muon identification is crucial for elementary particle physics experiments. At the Belle II experiment, muons and pions with momenta greater than 0.7 <span><math><mrow><mspace></mspace><mi>GeV/</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></math></span> are distinguished by their penetration ability through the <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and Muon (KLM) sub-detector, which is the outermost sub-detector of Belle II. In this paper, we first discuss the muon identification algorithm currently used in the Belle II experiment pointing out possible room for <span><math><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>π</mi></mrow></math></span> identification performance improvement and then present a new method based on Deep Neural Network (DNN). This DNN model utilizes the KLM hit pattern variables as the input and thus can digest the penetration information better than the current algorithm. We test the new method in simulation and find that the pion fake rate (specificity) is reduced from 4.1% to 1.6% at a muon efficiency (recall) of 90%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1081 ","pages":"Article 170814"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Studying the variability of the He triplet to understand the detection limits of evaporating exoplanet atmospheres 研究氦三重态的变异性，了解蒸发系外行星大气的探测极限

IF 6.5 2区物理与天体物理

Astronomy & Astrophysics Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202452856

Samson J. Mercier, Xavier Dumusque, Vincent Bourrier, Khaled Al Moulla, Michael Cretignier, William Dethier, Gaspare Lo Curto, Pedro Figueira, Christophe Lovis, Francesco Pepe, Nuno C. Santos, Stéphane Udry, François Wildi, Romain Allart, Frédérique Baron, François Bouchy, Andres Carmona, Marion Cointepas, René Doyon, Yolanda G. C. Frensch, Nolan Grieves, Lucile Mignon, Louise D. Nielsen

{"title":"Studying the variability of the He triplet to understand the detection limits of evaporating exoplanet atmospheres","authors":"Samson J. Mercier, Xavier Dumusque, Vincent Bourrier, Khaled Al Moulla, Michael Cretignier, William Dethier, Gaspare Lo Curto, Pedro Figueira, Christophe Lovis, Francesco Pepe, Nuno C. Santos, Stéphane Udry, François Wildi, Romain Allart, Frédérique Baron, François Bouchy, Andres Carmona, Marion Cointepas, René Doyon, Yolanda G. C. Frensch, Nolan Grieves, Lucile Mignon, Louise D. Nielsen","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202452856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452856","url":null,"abstract":"With more than a dozen significant detections, the helium triplet has emerged as a key tracer of evaporating exoplanet atmospheres. This near-infrared feature can be observed from the ground and holds great promise, especially with upcoming observations provided by new-generation instruments such as the Near Infrared Planet Searcher (NIRPS). However, as the helium triplet is also present in stellar spectra, careful removal of the average stellar contribution is necessary to accurately characterize the atmospheres of transiting exoplanets. In this study, we analyze multi-epoch observations of the Sun obtained with NIRPS to investigate the temporal variability of the helium triplet. Our findings reveal significant variability across different timescales, ranging from minutes to days. We identify telluric contamination and stellar activity as likely sources for the short-term and long-term variability, respectively. Importantly, we demonstrate that this variability has minimal impact on the retrieval of planetary parameters crucial to the study of atmospheric escape.","PeriodicalId":8571,"journal":{"name":"Astronomy & Astrophysics","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144737768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing the optical characteristics of lead-free Cs3Cu2I5 films via phenethylammonium iodide 利用苯乙基碘化铵增强无铅Cs3Cu2I5薄膜的光学特性

IF 3.6 3区物理与天体物理

Journal of Luminescence Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121434

Fanju Zeng , Yongqian Tan , Haifeng Yin , Xiaosheng Tang , Lianshuai Huang , Juan Liao , Minli Tang

{"title":"Enhancing the optical characteristics of lead-free Cs3Cu2I5 films via phenethylammonium iodide","authors":"Fanju Zeng , Yongqian Tan , Haifeng Yin , Xiaosheng Tang , Lianshuai Huang , Juan Liao , Minli Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lead-free copper-based halide perovskites, especially Cs<sub>3</sub>Cu<sub>2</sub>I<sub>5</sub>, represent promising alternatives to toxic lead-based materials because of their excellent optoelectronic properties. However, their practical application is limited by challenges such as the need for strict inert-atmosphere processing and the presence of intrinsic defects. In this study, the ability of phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI) to improve the structural and morphological characteristics of Cs<sub>3</sub>Cu<sub>2</sub>I<sub>5</sub> films was explored, with the goal of enhancing their optical performance. A controlled ambient processing method was employed, in which PEAI at various concentrations was incorporated into the precursor solution. The results show that adding 1 mg of PEAI significantly improved the crystallinity, reduced the lattice strain, and increased the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) from 68.8 % to 81.8 %, which corresponds to an absolute increase of 13 % compared with the control. Additionally, PEAI-treated films exhibit excellent stability, maintaining a PLQY of 81.5 % after 60 days of ambient storage. These findings highlight PEAI as a highly effective additive for optimizing copper-based halide perovskites, offering a straightforward path toward the development of efficient, stable, lead-free emitters for optical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Luminescence","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 121434"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structural and optical study of optimized undoped and Cu-doped LaAlO3 优化未掺杂和cu掺杂LaAlO3的结构和光学研究

IF 2.8 3区物理与天体物理

Physica B-condensed Matter Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.physb.2025.417625

Vishavdeep Kaur Dhaliwal, K. Singh

{"title":"Structural and optical study of optimized undoped and Cu-doped LaAlO3","authors":"Vishavdeep Kaur Dhaliwal, K. Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.physb.2025.417625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physb.2025.417625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Different compositions of undoped and Cu-doped LaAlO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> samples were synthesized using the solid-state reaction method with variable single-stage and double-stage heat treatments to obtain the monophasic LaAlO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>. The monophasic LaAlO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> sample is formed via double stage heat-treatment, i.e., 1100°C (2 h) followed by 1450°C (4 h). Their structural, morphological, and optical properties are characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscopy with an attached energy dispersive spectroscopy, UV–Visible and Photoluminescence spectroscopy. Copper probably occupied the Al-O sites in the rhombohedral crystal structure, as confirmed by FTIR band shifting in the doped system. The optical band could be functionalized by Cu dopant, and it decreased in the Cu-doped LaAlO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>. The bandgap is in the semiconductor range, i.e., 2.4–1.8 eV. The developed materials may find applications in energy conversion devices as cathode materials in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20116,"journal":{"name":"Physica B-condensed Matter","volume":"715 ","pages":"Article 417625"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preformed plasma waveguides: Enabling high-energy electron beams for FLASH radiotherapy 预成形等离子体波导：为FLASH放射治疗提供高能电子束

IF 1.4 3区物理与天体物理

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.170891

S. Arjmand , A. Amato , R. Catalano , C. Manna , D. Mascali , G.S. Mauro , D. Oliva , A.D. Pappalardo , A. Pidatella , J. Suarez , F. Vinciguerra , G.A.P. Cirrone

{"title":"Preformed plasma waveguides: Enabling high-energy electron beams for FLASH radiotherapy","authors":"S. Arjmand , A. Amato , R. Catalano , C. Manna , D. Mascali , G.S. Mauro , D. Oliva , A.D. Pappalardo , A. Pidatella , J. Suarez , F. Vinciguerra , G.A.P. Cirrone","doi":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170891","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nima.2025.170891","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the use of preformed plasma waveguides, such as dielectric capillaries, for laser-plasma accelerators (LPAs) to generate 250 MeV very high-energy electron (VHEE) beams for FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT). These beams enable the delivery of ultra-high-dose radiation (UHDR) while minimizing damage to healthy tissue. This method is highly effective in laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA), where a laser pulse accelerates electrons to high energies. Pre-ionizing the plasma with a high-voltage supply before the main pulse improves plasma uniformity and optimizes laser-plasma interaction, leading to more efficient and stable acceleration. The resulting uniform plasma enhances beam quality by reducing energy spread and instabilities, essential for UHDR delivery within a short time frame. VHEE beam production will be enabled by a table-top system at the upcoming I-LUCE (<strong>I</strong>NFN-<strong>L</strong>aser ind<strong>UCE</strong>d Radiation Production) facility in Catania, Italy, which is advancing toward FLASH-RT. Plasma formation in capillary plasma waveguides is simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics, while Monte Carlo (MC) simulations evaluate the absolute dose delivered to a water phantom during multi-beam irradiation with VHEE beam. Meanwhile, the feasibility of achieving FLASH conditions is discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19359,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment","volume":"1081 ","pages":"Article 170891"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144725075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tungsten peak broadening in LEIS: Origins and challenges for quantitative analysis LEIS中钨峰展宽：定量分析的起源与挑战

IF 1.4 3区物理与天体物理

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2025.165823

N. Efimov , D. Sinelnikov , M. Grishaev , I. Nikitin , V. Luzanov

引用次数: 0

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