物理与天体物理最新文献

{"title":"Decoding Molecular Handedness With Terahertz Waves: From Enantiomer Recognition to High‐Sensitivity Chiral Detection","authors":"Xingxing Lu, Dongshan Wei, Guangbin Dai, Ziyi Zhang, Rumin Zhang, Tianying Chang, Hong‐Liang Cui","doi":"10.1002/lpor.72098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.72098","url":null,"abstract":"The recognition and quantification of chiral enantiomers hold great significance in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and biomedical fields, as they exhibit distinctive biological characteristics and metabolic behaviors. The advent of terahertz (THz) technology has emerged as a paradigm‐shifting tool for chiral sensing by probing low‐frequency vibrational and rotational modes intrinsic to chirality with non‐destructive, low‐energy photons. This review elucidates the importance of chiral sensing, along with the traditional detection methods of chiral molecules. The primary focus is on recent advancements of THz technology applied to chirality detection, encompassing enantiomer recognition, quantitative, and highly sensitive detection. It also discusses current limitations and future development directions of THz technology in chiral sensing.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149208459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A-Dependence of the Relative Yields of Neutral Mesons in Pion–Nucleus Interactions at Plab = 7 GeV/c in the Hyperon-M Experiment","authors":"N. E. Voronkov,&nbsp;A. M. Gorin,&nbsp;S. V. Evdokimov,&nbsp;A. A. Zaitsev,&nbsp;V. I. Izucheev,&nbsp;B. V. Polishchuk,&nbsp;V. I. Rykalin,&nbsp;S. A. Sadovsky,&nbsp;Yu. V. Kharlov,&nbsp;A. A. Shangaraev","doi":"10.1134/S0021364026607451","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0021364026607451","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The measurement results <span>(A)</span>-dependences of the relative yields of neutral mesons <span>({{pi }^{0}})</span>, <span>(omega (782))</span>, <span>({{f}_{2}}(1270))</span> and <span>(K_{S}^{0})</span> in relation to <span>(eta )</span>-meson produced in <span>({{pi }^{ + }}A)</span>-interactions at a momentum of 7 GeV/<i>c</i> are presented. The measurements were performed on six nuclear targets (Be, C, Al, Cu, Sn, Pb) in the Hyperon-M experiment at the U-70 accelerator complex. Mesons were identified by their photon decays using the LGD2 wide-aperture electromagnetic calorimeter. The yield ratios of the mesons under study to the yield <span>(eta )</span>-mesons were measured in the beam fragmentation region (<span>({{x}_{F}} &gt; 0.6)</span> in the center of mass system <span>(pi N)</span>-reactions). It is shown that the relative yields of non-strange mesons (<span>({{pi }^{0}})</span>, <span>(omega (782))</span>, <span>({{f}_{2}}(1270))</span>) decrease with increasing the mass number of the target nucleus. At the same time, the yield ratio <span>(K_{S}^{0}{text{/}}eta )</span> demonstrates a steady statistically significant increase with increasing <span>(A)</span>. The obtained results are important for the study of hadron–nucleus interactions at intermediate energies, including testing and fine-tuning transport models such as GiBUU, PHSD, UrQMD, SMASH, regarding the influence of collective effects in the nucleus on the production of mesons with different quark compositions.</p>","PeriodicalId":604,"journal":{"name":"JETP Letters","volume":"124 5","pages":"336 - 344"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149214546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature Dependence of the Nucleation Field in Isolated and Exchange-Coupled Ultrathin Co Films","authors":"R. S. Evstigneev,&nbsp;Yu. P. Kabanov,&nbsp;L. S. Uspenskaya,&nbsp;V. S. Gornakov","doi":"10.1134/S0021364026607517","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0021364026607517","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the temperature range <span>(T = 30{-} 300)</span> K, the process of magnetization reversal of ultrathin Co layers, isolated and exchange-coupled through a Pd layer, was experimentally studied, and the nucleation fields <span>({{H}_{N}})</span> were determined. It was found that a crossover is observed in the <span>({{H}_{N}}(T))</span> dependences of exchange-coupled films. In the high temperature region, where the layers undergo magnetization reversal independently of each other, as in single-layer films, <span>({{H}_{N}} sim {{T}^{{ - 1}}})</span>, in the low temperature region, where the layers undergo a correlated magnetization reversal, <span>({{H}_{N}} sim ln ({{T}^{{ - 1}}}))</span>. The performed numerical calculations showed interlayer exchange interaction is the key factor driving nucleation in the heterostructure, qualitatively explaining the observed dependence <span>({{H}_{N}}(T))</span>.</p>","PeriodicalId":604,"journal":{"name":"JETP Letters","volume":"124 5","pages":"399 - 404"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149214544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revelation of the Mode‐Resolved Dynamics of 3D Breathers in a Spatiotemporal Mode‐Locked Fiber Laser","authors":"Jia‐Wen Wu, Wei Lin, Wei Li, Jia‐Hao Chen, Jia‐Hua Guo, Zhi‐Chao Luo, Ai‐Ping Luo","doi":"10.1002/lpor.72093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.72093","url":null,"abstract":"3D solitons in spatiotemporal mode‐locked (STML) fiber lasers provide a unique platform for exploring high‐dimensional nonlinear physics and complex mode interactions. As a special type of 3D solitons, 3D breathers possess abundant evolutionary characteristics, yet the mode‐resolved dynamics remain unexplored. Here, two distinct types of 3D breathers are experimentally realized in an STML fiber laser, and the real‐time dynamical evolution of individual transverse modes is captured via mode‐resolved measurement. The two breathers exhibit markedly different energy exchange mechanisms: one involves energy exchange among transverse modes (asynchronous transverse modal energy evolution), while the other features energy exchange among spectral components (asynchronous energy evolution of spectral components). Due to energy exchange among spectral components and bandwidth disparities among spectral peaks, energy modulation depth is remarkably lower than spectral intensity modulation depth. Numerical simulations qualitatively reproduce both experimentally observed 3D breathers. Linear mode coupling (LMC) dominates synchronous transverse modal energy evolution, while asynchronous transverse modal energy evolution relies on both LMC and propagation effects (including intermodal gain competition and nonlinear effects such as intermodal four‐wave mixing) in Yb‐doped fiber. This work reveals individual modal dynamics and their complex interactions during 3D soliton breathing, deepening understanding of intricate spatiotemporal dynamics in STML fiber lasers.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149208460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Halogen Engineered Chiral Amplification in Chiral Hybrid 2D Perovskites for Self‐Powered Circularly Polarized Light Detection","authors":"Jie Wu, Dacheng Zhou, Pei Wang, Jiandong Yao, Xiyong Chen, Bingsuo Zou, Jia Sun, Xianli Li, Ruosheng Zeng","doi":"10.1002/lpor.72092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.72092","url":null,"abstract":"Chiral hybrid perovskites hold great promise for optoelectronic and spintronic applications due to their superior optoelectronic properties. However, the development of self‐powered circularly polarized light (CPL) detectors is often hindered by weak chiroptical anisotropy and inefficient zero‐bias operation. Herein, we report the synthesis of chiral ( <jats:italic>R/S</jats:italic> ‐3BrMBA) <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> PbBr <jats:sub>x</jats:sub> I <jats:sub>4‐x</jats:sub> (0 ≤ x ≤ 4) hybrid perovskites, demonstrating that halogen engineering is an effective strategy for chiral amplification. Through this approach, the <jats:italic>g</jats:italic> <jats:sub>CD</jats:sub> value is enhanced by more than 5‐fold, attributed to intensified octahedral distortion and the concomitant modulation of spin–orbit coupling. Remarkably, we achieved a Zeeman splitting of 0.663 meV, a 2.4‐fold increase over the pristine sample, which represents the highest value reported to date for chiral 2D perovskites. Furthermore, the (R‐3BrMBA) <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> PbBr <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> I <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> device exhibits an open‐circuit voltage exceeding 5 V, breaking the traditional bandgap limit while enabling self‐powered operation with a <jats:italic>g</jats:italic> <jats:sub>Iph</jats:sub> of 0.24. This work confirms halogen engineering as a robust strategy for chirality amplification, paving the way for advanced self‐driven chiral photodetectors.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"410 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149208461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physics‐Consistent Dual‐Plane‐Driven Complex‐Domain Learning for Phase Retrieval in Inline Holography","authors":"Xiaosong Liu, Zhuolin Ou, Ju Tang, Jiazhen Dou, Kaiqiang Wang, Jianglei Di, Yuwen Qin","doi":"10.1002/lpor.72050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.72050","url":null,"abstract":"Inline holography enables non‐invasive and label‐free quantitative phase imaging (QPI) with a compact and stable optical configuration. However, it remains hindered by severe twin‐image artifacts due to the absence of sensor‐plane phase information. Iterative approaches are sensitive to noise and prone to local minima, while existing learning‐based approaches rarely exploit sensor‐plane phase as a physically meaningful initialization and insufficiently integrate diffraction physics with complex‐domain learning. Here, we propose a dual‐plane‐driven complex‐valued cascaded neural network (DP‐CVNN) for phase retrieval in inline holography. The framework combines a front‐end real‐valued network for sensor‐plane phase estimation with a back‐end complex‐valued neural network for diffraction propagation learning, thereby enabling physically meaningful reconstruction from single‐shot inline holograms. By jointly constraining sensor‐plane and object‐plane phases through diffraction‐consistent supervision, the proposed framework effectively bridges data‐driven holographic reconstruction with physics‐consistent optical modeling in the complex domain, thereby reducing sensitivity to noise‐contaminated intensity measurements. Simulations and experiments on diverse phase‐dominant samples demonstrate effective suppression of twin‐image artifacts, achieving favorable reconstruction fidelity and noise robustness compared with representative conventional and learning‐based methods. Our findings further validate the critical role of sensor‐plane phase initialization, as well as its potential to benefit conventional phase retrieval algorithms.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149208465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonic inspection of welding joints using the topological derivative as damage indicator.","authors":"C Placinta, S Muñoz, M-L Rapún","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2026.108321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2026.108321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work addresses the ultrasonic inspection of welding joints for detecting internal defects that may compromise the structural integrity of critical components. We propose a non-destructive evaluation methodology based on the topological derivative, applied to ultrasonic wavefield data. To generate synthetic measurements, we employ two elastic wave propagation models: a simplified two-dimensional model for initial proof of concept assessment and a full three-dimensional model that captures the complexity of realistic welded structures. The method is tested in several challenging scenarios, including the detection of small-scale defects, the identification of different defect types, and adverse conditions such as measurement noise, model mismatches, attenuation effects, and limited data availability. Numerical results demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the topological derivative-based strategy for ultrasonic imaging and defect characterization in welded components.</p>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"170 ","pages":"108321"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerated Bayesian Inference for Neutron Stars in f(Q) Gravity: Gaussian Processes, Deep Learning, and Ensemble Uncertainty Quantification","authors":"Adnan Malik,&nbsp;Jamshed Khan,&nbsp;Ahdab K. Althukair,&nbsp;Uzma Gul,&nbsp;Sumaira Saleem Akhtar","doi":"10.1007/s10773-026-06458-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-026-06458-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study of neutron stars (NSs) in modified gravity theories provides a unique window into the strong-field regime of gravitational physics. While Bayesian inference has proven powerful for constraining general relativity and curvature-based modifications, such analyses in symmetric teleparallel <i>f</i>(<i>Q</i>) gravity remain computationally expensive due to the repeated solution of modified Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff (TOV) equations. In this work, we introduce a comprehensive accelerated Bayesian inference framework for neutron stars in <i>f</i>(<i>Q</i>) gravity, combining Gaussian process emulation, deep learning surrogates, sequential Monte Carlo methods, active learning, and ensemble uncertainty quantification. Our approach achieves a speedup of approximately <span>(5.2 times 10^5)</span> compared to traditional methods, reducing inference time from weeks to hours while maintaining percent-level accuracy. We demonstrate our methodology by re-analyzing NICER observations of PSR J0030+0451, PSR J0740+6620, PSR J0437+4715, and PSR J0614+3329, considering linear, logarithmic, and exponential <i>f</i>(<i>Q</i>) models with the DDME2 equation of state. Our active learning framework identifies the tidal deformability at canonical mass <span>(Lambda _{1.4})</span> as the most informative observable for constraining the <i>f</i>(<i>Q</i>) scale parameter <span>(Q_0)</span>, with an expected information gain of 2.34 nats, while the radius at <span>(2.0 M_odot )</span> is most sensitive to the <span>(beta )</span> parameter with EIG of 1.82 nats. The ensemble variance decomposition shows that EoS uncertainty dominates the radius prediction (<span>(80.6%)</span>), followed by gravity-model (<span>(14.3%)</span>), statistical (<span>(5.0%)</span>), and negligible numerical contributions. Our results confirm the statistical preference for the exponential model, with <span>(ln (textrm{BF}) = -1.81)</span> versus the linear model and <span>(-0.43)</span> versus the logarithmic model, while providing significantly tighter parameter constraints with a 11.4–<span>(17.9%)</span> reduction in the full widths of the <span>(68%)</span> credible intervals. This work establishes a foundation for real-time multi-messenger inference of modified gravity theories as new NS observations become available.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"65 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistence Probabilities for MA(1) Sequences with Uniform Innovations","authors":"Frank Aurzada,&nbsp;Kilian Raschel","doi":"10.1007/s10955-026-03720-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10955-026-03720-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study the persistence probabilities of a moving average process of order one with uniform innovations. We identify a number of regions—characterized by the location of the uniform distribution and the coupling parameter of the process—where the persistence probabilities have qualitatively different behaviour. We obtain the generating functions of the persistence probabilities explicitly in all possible regions. In some of the regions, the persistence probabilities can be expressed explicitly in terms of various combinatorial quantities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Statistical Physics","volume":"193 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Terahertz tungsten metal wire waveguides","authors":"Nan Meng,Xiaoyu Yue,Da Teng","doi":"10.1007/s10043-026-01090-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-026-01090-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":722,"journal":{"name":"Optical Review","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149209590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}